DOCUMENT TITLE: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CAR PARKING SHELTERS

FOR SOLAR PANELS

REV. DATE DESIGNED APPROVED

DESCRIPTION
NO. BY BY
00 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL 07/08/18 VM AA

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

CALCULATIONS REF

CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE - 3
2.0 REFERENCES - 3
3.0 DESIGN INPUT - 3
4.0 DETAILED SITE OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION - 3
5.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY - 5
6.0 LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS - 7
7.0 DESIGN CHECK - 10
8.0 SUPPORT REACTIONS - 12
9.0 BASE PLATE DESIGN - 13
10. 0 FOUNDATION DESIGN - 15
11.0 STAAD OUTPUT FILE - 26
12.0 REFERENCES - 37

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

1.0 SCOPE
These document covers the analysis and design of 2 car parking shelters (Chetah
Type & Falcon type) at BANAGAS.Analysis and design has been done in STAAD Pro.
Connection deisgn has been done using LIMCON Software.

2.0 REFERENCES
BS 5950-1-2000 - Structural use of steel work in steel buildings.
BS 6399-2 : 1997- Code of practice for wind loads

3.0 DESIGN INPUT

Structural steel grade = 345 N/mm2
Concrete grade (assumed) = 45 N/mm2
Zamil car parking drawings

4.0 DETAILED SITE OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION

Following are the physical observations consquent to detailed observations of the
car parking shelters. Photographs were taken during visual observation and attached
for reference.
1.Structure has been found to be in good condition with very few rusted spots
at very few locations
2. No signs of corrosion has been observed.
Conclusion
The car parking shelters( Cheetah and Falcon Type) found to be safe with respect to
strength and serviceability critera with additon of solar panels by replacing GI sheeting.
(Please refer to section-7 for design check)

Cheetah type

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

Cheetah type

Falcon type

Falcon type

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

5.0 DESIGN METHODLOGY

A 3D model of the structure has been developed in STAAD Pro using beam elements.
Modelling has been done using center line dimensions of members.Support condition
has given fixity in both the directions.Design has been done using as per British
standard BS 5950-2000.

3D-STAAD MODEL- Cheetah Type car shed

3D-STAAD MODEL- Falcon Type car shed

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

STAAD model with beam & node numbering

Cheetah Type car shed

Falcon Type car shed

STAAD model showing member sizes

Cheetah Type car shed

Falcon Type car shed

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

6.0 LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS

6.1 Loads
Dead Load ( for Cheetah & Falcon type car shed)
Selfweight of structure
Solar panel weight = 21.5 kg
Solar panel size = 1.00 x 2.00 m
Solar panel weight /m2 = 0.11 kN/m2
Wt. of purlins(Section -200Z15-4 nos.& 200C20-2 nos.) = 5.42 & 6.11 kg/m
No. of purlins = 8.00 nos.
Total weight of purlins = 44.22 kg/m
Length of purlin = 7.50 m
Length of rafter beam = 6.01 m
Total weight of purlins/m2 = 0.07 kN/m2
Total weight of solar panels and purlins = 0.18 kN/m2
= 0.20 kN/m2 [say]
Weight /m on rafter ebam = 1.50 kN/m

STAAD model showing dead load-Cheetah Type car shed

STAAD model showing dead load-Falcon Type car shed

Live load ( for Cheetah & Falcon type car shed)

When the panels sit either directly on the roof, so that additional items cannot be added.

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

Wind load ( as per BS 6399-2)

Hourly mean wind speed, Vb = 23.00 m/sec
Altitude factor,Sa = 1.00 Cl. 2.2.2.2
Directional factor,sd = 1.00 Cl. 2.2.2.3
Seasonal factor, Ss = 1.00 Cl. 2.2.2.4
Probability factor,Sp = 1.00 Table-4
Terrain and building factor, Sb = 1.51 [Interpolated ]
Site wind speed,Vs = 23.00 m/sec Cl. 2.2.2.1
Effective wind speed,Ve = 34.82 m/sec Cl. 2.2.3
Effective wind pressure,qe = 743.31 N/mm2
Wind load on Cheetah type car shed
Angle of roof = 5.00 Degree(approx.) Table-13
Net pressure Coefficient for all ξ = 0.40 (For all directions)
Net pressure Coefficient for ξ =0 = -0.70 (For all directions)
Considering second bay as critical,
Red. factors for free standing multi-bay canopy roofs = 0.87 Table-15
= 0.64 ( For uplift case) Table-15
Wind load for all ξ = 1.94 kN/m
Wind load for ξ =0 = -2.50 kN/m
Note :Considering no cars parked under the shelter during 50 years wind ( which will-
create sand storm with no visibility)
Wind load on column
Net pressure coefficient for column = 2.0 Table-20
Width of the column in X direction = 0.2
Wind load on column in X- direction = 0.30 kN/m

STAAD model showing

Wind load for all ξ-Cheetah
- Type car shed

STAAD model showing

Wind load for ξ=0-Cheetah-
Type car shed

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

Wind load on Falcon type car shed

Angle of roof = 5.00 Degree(approx.) Table-14
Net pressure Coefficient for all ξ = 0.30 (For all directions)
Net pressure Coefficient for ξ =0 = -0.60 (For all directions)
Considering second bay as critical,
Red. factors for free standing multi-bay canopy roofs = 0.87 Table-15
= 0.64 ( For uplift case) Table-15
Wind load for all ξ = 1.46 kN/m
Wind load for ξ =0 = -2.14 kN/m

STAAD model showing Wind load for all ξ-Falcon Type car shed

STAAD model showing Wind load for ξ=0-Falcon Type car shed

6.2 Load combinations

Factored load combinations
1.4 DL
1.4 DL +1.4 WL
1.0 DL+1.4 WL
Unfactored load combinations
1.0 DL +1.0 WL

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

7.0 DESIGN CHECK

7.1 Strength check

Cheetah type car shed-STAAD Model showing member stress ratios

Falcon type car shed -STAAD Model showing member stress ratios

7.2 Serviceability check

For Cheetah Type car shed
Rafter beam
Vertical deflection = 36.7 mm From STAAD
Allowable deflection = L/90
= 66.7 mm
Column
Horizontal deflection = 3 mm
Allowable deflection = H/45 [height=2.3 m]
= 51.1 mm
For Falcon Type car shed
Rafter beam
Vertical deflection = 23.4 mm From STAAD
Allowable deflection = L/90
= 66.7 mm
Column
Horizontal deflection = 2.1 mm
Allowable deflection = H/45 [height=2.3 m]
= 51.1 mm

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

Design of purlin
Spacing of purlins = 1.5 m
Span of purlin = 7.50 m
Self weight of solar panels = 0.11 kN/m2
Purlin section = 200Z20
Section Modulus of section = 4E+04 mm3
Moment of inertia = 4E+06 mm4
Grade of steel = 345 N/mm2
Self weight of purlin = 5.42 kg/m
Total dead load = 0.22 kN/m
Roof angle = 3 Degree
Considering bending momen normal to the rafter plane
Dead load normal to the rafter plane = 0.22 kN/m
Wind load for all ξ = 0.26 kN/m2
Wind load for for ξ =0 = -0.33 kN/m2 [critical]
Considering as continous support case
Case-1 : DL+WL( for ξ=0)
Maximum bending moment = -4.04 kN-m
Capacity of the section = 5.39 kN-m Refer to table
Case-2 : DL+WL( for all ξ) below
Maximum bending moment = 3.42 kN-m
Capacity of the section = 5.39 kN-m Refer to table
below

Note : the above capacities are based on allowable stress method.

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

8.0 SUPPORT REACTIONS

For Cheetah type car shed

For Falcon type car shed

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

9.0 ANCHOR BOLTS DESIGN

Axial Compression = 30 kN Lc-201
Moment = 82 kN-m
Base plate dimensions, BXD = 280 x 756 mm
Thickness of base plate = 20 mm
Eccentricity,e = 2733.3 mm
Area of base plate = 211680 mm2
3
Section Modulus of base plate = 3E+07 mm
2
Maximum pressure = 3.2 N/mm
2
Minimum pressure = -2.9 N/mm
Total no. of bolts = 8 nos.
No. of bolts resisting tension = 4 nos.
Bolt diameter = 30 mm
Calculation of nuetral axis
Assuming balanced section.

c = 60 mm
Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 14.5 kN/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of steel = 200 kN/mm2
Modular ratio = 13.8
Area of tension bolts.As for M30 = 2827.4 mm2
k1 = 7066
k2 = 3E+06
k3 = -2E+09
Solving the below equation
y3 + 3 * ( e - L/2 ) * y2 + 6* n * As * ( f + e ) * y - 6 * n * As * ( L/2 + f ) * ( f +e ) = 0
y (nueatral axis depth) = 346.66 mm
Total tension = 127.45 kN
Tension per bolt = 31.863 kN
Grade of concrete = 45 N/mm2
2
Bond stress required = 3.35 N/mm
Embedement length required = 100.8 mm
Provided embedment length = 900 mm

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

Checking for beairng stress in concrete

Actual beairng stress = 3.24 N/mm2
Allowable bearing stress in concrete = 18 N/mm2
Check for base plate
Tension per bolt = 31.863 kN
Effective width = 140 mm
Effective length = 120 mm
Moment due to tension = 1.27 kN-m
Thickness required = 16.27 mm
Thickness provided = 20.00 mm

Note : Critical forces has been considered for design

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Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

10.0 FOUNDATION DESIGN CHECK

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 Project Job no.
FALCON TYPE CAR SHED
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
FOUNDATION DESIGN CHECK 1
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
M 18/07/2018

PAD FOOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (BS8110-1:1997)

TEDDS calculation version 2.0.07

500

1000

Pad footing details

Length of pad footing; L = 1000 mm
Width of pad footing; B = 500 mm
Area of pad footing; A = L × B = 0.500 m2
Depth of pad footing; h = 950 mm
Depth of soil over pad footing; hsoil = 0 mm
Density of concrete; ρconc = 25.0 kN/m3

Column details
Column base length; lA = 1000 mm
Column base width; bA = 500 mm
Column eccentricity in x; ePxA = 0 mm
Column eccentricity in y; ePyA = 0 mm
Soil details
Density of soil; ρsoil = 20.0 kN/m3
Design shear strength; φ’ = 25.0 deg
Design base friction; δ = 19.3 deg
Allowable bearing pressure; Pbearing = 150 kN/m2
Axial loading on column
Dead axial load on column; PGA = 23.0 kN
Imposed axial load on column; PQA = 0.0 kN
Wind axial load on column; PWA = 18.0 kN
Total axial load on column; PA = 41.0 kN
Foundation loads
Dead surcharge load; FGsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Imposed surcharge load; FQsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Pad footing self weight; Fswt = h × ρconc = 23.750 kN/m2
Soil self weight; Fsoil = hsoil × ρsoil = 0.000 kN/m2
Total foundation load; F = A × (FGsur + FQsur + Fswt + Fsoil) = 11.9 kN

Moment on column base

Dead moment on column in x direction; MGxA = 0.000 kNm
Imposed moment on column in x direction; MQxA = 0.000 kNm
Wind moment on column in x direction; MWxA = 2.650 kNm
Total moment on column in x direction; MxA = 2.650 kNm

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 Project Job no.
FALCON TYPE CAR SHED
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
FOUNDATION DESIGN CHECK 2
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
M 18/07/2018

Dead moment on column in y direction; MGyA = 0.000 kNm

Imposed moment on column in y direction; MQyA = 0.000 kNm
Wind moment on column in y direction; MWyA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in y direction; MyA = 0.000 kNm
Check stability against overturning in x direction
Total overturning moment; MxOT = MxA + HxA × h = 2.650 kNm

Restoring moment in x direction

Foundation loading; Mxsur = A × (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) × L / 2 = 5.938 kNm
Axial loading on column; Mxaxial = (PGA) × (L / 2 - ePxA) = 11.500 kNm
Total restoring moment; Mxres = Mxsur + Mxaxial = 17.438 kNm
PASS - Overturning safety factor exceeds the minimum of 1.5 in the x direction

Calculate pad base reaction

Total base reaction; T = F + PA = 52.9 kN
Eccentricity of base reaction in x; eTx = (PA × ePxA + MxA + HxA × h) / T = 50 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y; eTy = (PA × ePyA + MyA + HyA × h) / T = 0 mm

Check pad base reaction eccentricity

abs(eTx) / L + abs(eTy) / B = 0.050
Base reaction acts within middle third of base

Calculate pad base pressures

q1 = T / A - 6 × T × eTx / (L × A) - 6 × T × eTy / (B × A) = 73.950 kN/m2
q2 = T / A - 6 × T × eTx / (L × A) + 6 × T × eTy / (B × A) = 73.950 kN/m2
q3 = T / A + 6 × T × eTx / (L × A) - 6 × T × eTy / (B × A) = 137.550 kN/m2
q4 = T / A + 6 × T × eTx / (L × A) + 6 × T × eTy / (B × A) = 137.550 kN/m2
Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 73.950 kN/m2
Maximum base pressure; qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 137.550 kN/m2
PASS - Maximum base pressure is less than allowable bearing pressure

2 2
74.0 kN/m 137.6 kN/m

2 2
74.0 kN/m 137.6 kN/m

Partial safety factors for loads

Partial safety factor for dead loads; γfG = 1.40

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 Project
Calcs for
Calcs by
M 18/07/2018
Partial safety factor for imposed loads;
Partial safety factor for wind loads;
Ultimate axial loading on column
Ultimate axial load on column;
Ultimate foundation loads
Ultimate foundation load;
Ultimate horizontal loading on column
Ultimate horizontal load in x direction;
Ultimate horizontal load in y direction;
Ultimate moment on column
Ultimate moment on column in x direction;
Ultimate moment on column in y direction;
Calculate ultimate pad base reaction
Ultimate base reaction;
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in x;
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in y;
Calculate ultimate pad base pressures
Minimum ultimate base pressure;
Maximum ultimate base pressure;
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in x direction
Left hand base reaction;
Right hand base reaction;
Length of base reaction;
Rate of change of base pressure;
Calculate pad lengths in x direction
Left hand length;
Right hand length;
Calculate ultimate moments in x direction
Ultimate moment in x direction;
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in y direction
Top edge base reaction;
Bottom edge base reaction;
Length of base reaction;
Rate of change of base pressure;
Calculate pad lengths in y direction
Top length;
Bottom length;
Calculate ultimate moments in y direction
Ultimate moment in y direction;
Job no.
FALCON TYPE CAR SHED
Start page no./Revision
FOUNDATION DESIGN CHECK 3
Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
γfQ = 0.00
γfW = 1.40
PuA = PGA × γfG + PQA × γfQ + PWA × γfW = 57.4 kN
Fu = A × [(FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) × γfG + FQsur × γfQ] = 16.6 kN
HxuA = HGxA × γfG + HQxA × γfQ + HWxA × γfW = 0.0 kN
HyuA = HGyA × γfG + HQyA × γfQ + HWyA × γfW = 0.0 kN
MxuA = MGxA × γfG + MQxA × γfQ + MWxA × γfW = 3.710 kNm
MyuA = MGyA × γfG + MQyA × γfQ + MWyA × γfW = 0.000 kNm
Tu = Fu + PuA = 74.0 kN
eTxu = (PuA × ePxA + MxuA + HxuA × h) / Tu = 50 mm
eTyu = (PuA × ePyA + MyuA + HyuA × h) / Tu = 0 mm
q1u = Tu/A - 6×Tu×eTxu/(L×A) - 6×Tu×eTyu/(B×A) = 103.530 kN/m2
q2u = Tu/A - 6×Tu×eTxu/(L×A) + 6×Tu× eTyu/(B×A) = 103.530 kN/m2
q3u = Tu/A + 6×Tu×eTxu/(L×A) - 6×Tu×eTyu/(B×A) = 192.570 kN/m2
q4u = Tu/A + 6×Tu×eTxu/(L×A) + 6×Tu×eTyu/(B×A) = 192.570 kN/m2
qminu = min(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 103.530 kN/m2
qmaxu = max(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 192.570 kN/m2
fuL = (q1u + q2u) × B / 2 = 51.765 kN/m
fuR = (q3u + q4u) × B / 2 = 96.285 kN/m
Lx = L = 1000 mm
Cx = (fuR - fuL) / Lx = 44.520 kN/m/m
LL = L / 2 + ePxA = 500 mm
LR = L / 2 - ePxA = 500 mm
Mx = fuL × LL2 / 2 + Cx × LL3 / 6 - Fu × LL2 / (2 × L) + MxuA = 9.030 kNm
fuT = (q2u + q4u) × L / 2 = 148.050 kN/m
fuB = (q1u + q3u) × L / 2 = 148.050 kN/m
Ly = B = 500 mm
Cy = (fuB - fuT) / Ly = 0.000 kN/m/m
LT = B / 2 - ePyA = 250 mm
LB = B / 2 + ePyA = 250 mm
My = fuT × LT2 / 2 + Cy × LT3 / 6 - Fu × LT2 / (2 × B) = 3.588 kNm
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 Project Job no.
FALCON TYPE CAR SHED
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
FOUNDATION DESIGN CHECK 4
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
M 18/07/2018

Material details
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 500 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement; cnom = 30 mm
Moment design in x direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; φxB = 16 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dx = h - cnom - φxB / 2 = 912 mm

Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)

Kx < Kx' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm;
Area of tension reinforcement required;
Minimum area of tension reinforcement;
Tension reinforcement provided;
Area of tension reinforcement provided;
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Moment design in y direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement;
Depth of tension reinforcement;
Kx = Mx / (B × dx2 × fcu) = 0.000
Kx’ = 0.156
zx = dx × min([0.5 + √(0.25 - Kx / 0.9)], 0.95) = 866 mm
As_x_req = Mx / (0.87 × fy × zx) = 24 mm2
As_x_min = 0.0013 × B × h = 618 mm2
4 No. 16 dia. bars bottom (150 centres)
As_xB_prov = NxB × π × φxB2 / 4 = 804 mm2
φyB = 16 mm
dy = h - cnom - φxB - φyB / 2 = 896 mm

Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)

Ky = My / (L × dy2 × fcu) = 0.000
Ky’ = 0.156
Ky < Ky' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zy = dy × min([0.5 + √(0.25 - Ky / 0.9)], 0.95) = 851 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_y_req = My / (0.87 × fy × zy) = 10 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_y_min = 0.0013 × L × h = 1235 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 7 No. 16 dia. bars bottom (150 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_yB_prov = NyB × π × φyB2 / 4 = 1407 mm2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required

7 No. 16 dia. bars btm (150 c/c)

7 No. 16 dia. bars top (150 c/c)

4 No. 16 dia. bars btm (150 c/c), 4 No. 16 dia. bars top (150 c/c)

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 Project Job no.
BANAGAS CAR PARKING SOLAR ROOF 1804
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
FOUNDATION CHECK FOR CHEETAH SOLAR ROOF 1
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
VM 18/07/2018 VM

PAD FOOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (BS8110-1:1997)

TEDDS calculation version 2.0.07
1400

500
1500

500
2400

Pad footing details

Length of pad footing; L = 2400 mm
Width of pad footing; B = 1500 mm
Area of pad footing; A = L × B = 3.600 m2
Depth of pad footing; h = 450 mm
Depth of soil over pad footing; hsoil = 450 mm
Density of concrete; ρconc = 25.0 kN/m3

Column details
Column base length; lA = 1000 mm
Column base width; bA = 500 mm
Column eccentricity in x; ePxA = -700 mm
Column eccentricity in y; ePyA = 0 mm
Soil details
Density of soil; ρsoil = 18.0 kN/m3
Design shear strength; φ’ = 25.0 deg
Design base friction; δ = 19.3 deg
Allowable bearing pressure; Pbearing = 150 kN/m2
Axial loading on column
Dead axial load on column; PGA = 16.0 kN
Imposed axial load on column; PQA = 0.0 kN
Wind axial load on column; PWA = 11.0 kN
Total axial load on column; PA = 27.0 kN
Foundation loads
Dead surcharge load; FGsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Imposed surcharge load; FQsur = 0.000 kN/m2
Pad footing self weight; Fswt = h × ρconc = 11.250 kN/m2
Soil self weight; Fsoil = hsoil × ρsoil = 8.100 kN/m2
Total foundation load; F = A × (FGsur + FQsur + Fswt + Fsoil) = 69.7 kN

Moment on column base

Dead moment on column in x direction; MGxA = 27.450 kNm

20
 Project Job no.
BANAGAS CAR PARKING SOLAR ROOF 1804
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
FOUNDATION CHECK FOR CHEETAH SOLAR ROOF 2
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
VM 18/07/2018 VM

Imposed moment on column in x direction; MQxA = 0.000 kNm

Wind moment on column in x direction; MWxA = 31.600 kNm
Total moment on column in x direction; MxA = 59.050 kNm
Dead moment on column in y direction; MGyA = 0.000 kNm
Imposed moment on column in y direction; MQyA = 0.000 kNm
Wind moment on column in y direction; MWyA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in y direction; MyA = 0.000 kNm
Check stability against overturning in x direction
Total overturning moment; MxOT = MxA + HxA × h = 59.050 kNm

Restoring moment in x direction

Foundation loading; Mxsur = A × (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) × L / 2 = 83.592 kNm
Axial loading on column; Mxaxial = (PGA) × (L / 2 - ePxA) = 30.400 kNm
Total restoring moment; Mxres = Mxsur + Mxaxial = 113.992 kNm
PASS - Overturning safety factor exceeds the minimum of 1.5 in the x direction

Calculate pad base reaction

Total base reaction; T = F + PA = 96.7 kN
Eccentricity of base reaction in x; eTx = (PA × ePxA + MxA + HxA × h) / T = 415 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y; eTy = (PA × ePyA + MyA + HyA × h) / T = 0 mm

Check pad base reaction eccentricity

abs(eTx) / L + abs(eTy) / B = 0.173
Base reaction acts outside of middle third of base

Calculate pad base pressures

q1 = 0.000 kN/m2
q2 = 0.000 kN/m2
q3 = 2 × T / [3 × B × (L / 2 - abs(eTx))] = 54.752 kN/m2
q4 = 2 × T / [3 × B × (L / 2 - abs(eTx))] = 54.752 kN/m2
Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 0.000 kN/m2
Maximum base pressure; qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 54.752 kN/m2
PASS - Maximum base pressure is less than allowable bearing pressure

2 2
0.0 kN/m 54.8 kN/m

2 2
0.0 kN/m 54.8 kN/m

21
 Project
BANAGAS CAR PARKING SOLAR ROOF
Calcs for
FOUNDATION CHECK FOR CHEETAH SOLAR ROOF
Calcs by Calcs date
VM 18/07/2018
Partial safety factors for loads
Partial safety factor for dead loads;
Partial safety factor for imposed loads;
Partial safety factor for wind loads;
Ultimate axial loading on column
Ultimate axial load on column;
Ultimate foundation loads
Ultimate foundation load;
Ultimate horizontal loading on column
Ultimate horizontal load in x direction;
Ultimate horizontal load in y direction;
Ultimate moment on column
Ultimate moment on column in x direction;
Ultimate moment on column in y direction;
Calculate ultimate pad base reaction
Ultimate base reaction;
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in x;
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in y;
Calculate ultimate pad base pressures
Minimum ultimate base pressure;
Maximum ultimate base pressure;
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in x direction
Left hand base reaction;
Right hand base reaction;
Length of base reaction;
Rate of change of base pressure;
Calculate pad lengths in x direction
Left hand length;
Right hand length;
Calculate ultimate moments in x direction
Ultimate positive moment in x direction;
Position of maximum negative moment;
Ultimate negative moment in x direction;
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in y direction
Top edge base reaction;
Bottom edge base reaction;
Length of base reaction;
Rate of change of base pressure;
Job no.
1804
Start page no./Revision
3
Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
VM
γfG = 1.40
γfQ = 0.00
γfW = 1.40
PuA = PGA × γfG + PQA × γfQ + PWA × γfW = 37.8 kN
Fu = A × [(FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil) × γfG + FQsur × γfQ] = 97.5 kN
HxuA = HGxA × γfG + HQxA × γfQ + HWxA × γfW = 0.0 kN
HyuA = HGyA × γfG + HQyA × γfQ + HWyA × γfW = 0.0 kN
MxuA = MGxA × γfG + MQxA × γfQ + MWxA × γfW = 82.670 kNm
MyuA = MGyA × γfG + MQyA × γfQ + MWyA × γfW = 0.000 kNm
Tu = Fu + PuA = 135.3 kN
eTxu = (PuA × ePxA + MxuA + HxuA × h) / Tu = 415 mm
eTyu = (PuA × ePyA + MyuA + HyuA × h) / Tu = 0 mm
q1u = 0.000 kN/m2
q2u = 0.000 kN/m2
q3u = 2 × Tu / [3 × B × (L / 2 - abs(eTxu))] = 76.653 kN/m2
q4u = 2 × Tu / [3 × B × (L / 2 - abs(eTxu))] = 76.653 kN/m2
qminu = min(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 0.000 kN/m2
qmaxu = max(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 76.653 kN/m2
fuL = (q1u + q2u) × B / 2 = 0.000 kN/m
fuR = (q3u + q4u) × B / 2 = 114.980 kN/m
Lx = 3 × (L / 2 - eTxu) = 2354 mm
Cx = (fuR - fuL) / Lx = 48.847 kN/m/m
LL = L / 2 + ePxA = 500 mm
LR = L / 2 - ePxA = 1900 mm
Mx = Cx × (LL - L + Lx)3 / 6 - Fu × LL2 / (2 × L) + MxuA = 78.352 kNm
Lz = 500 mm
Mxneg = Cx × (LL - L + Lx)3 / 6 - Fu × LL2 / (2 × L)
Mxneg = -4.318 kNm
fuT = (q2u + q4u) × L / 2 = 91.984 kN/m
fuB = (q1u + q3u) × L / 2 = 91.984 kN/m
Ly = B = 1500 mm
Cy = (fuB - fuT) / Ly = 0.000 kN/m/m
22
 Project Job no.
BANAGAS CAR PARKING SOLAR ROOF 1804
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
FOUNDATION CHECK FOR CHEETAH SOLAR ROOF 4
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
VM 18/07/2018 VM

Calculate pad lengths in y direction

Top length; LT = B / 2 - ePyA = 750 mm
Bottom length; LB = B / 2 + ePyA = 750 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in y direction
Ultimate moment in y direction; My = fuT × LT2 / 2 + Cy × LT3 / 6 - Fu × LT2 / (2 × B) = 7.585 kNm

Material details
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 45 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 500 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 500 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement; cnom = 30 mm
Moment design in x direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; φxB = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dx = h - cnom - φxB / 2 = 414 mm

Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)

Kx = Mx / (B × dx2 × fcu) = 0.007
Kx’ = 0.156
Kx < Kx' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zx = dx × min([0.5 + √(0.25 - Kx / 0.9)], 0.95) = 393 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_x_req = Mx / (0.87 × fy × zx) = 458 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_x_min = 0.0013 × B × h = 878 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 8 No. 12 dia. bars bottom (200 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_xB_prov = NxB × π × φxB2 / 4 = 905 mm2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required

Negative moment design in x direction

Diameter of tension reinforcement; φxT = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dx = h - cnom - φxT / 2 = 414 mm

Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)

Kx = -Mxneg / (B × dx2 × fcu) = 0.000
Kx’ = 0.156
Kx < Kx' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zx = dx × min([0.5 + √(0.25 - Kx / 0.9)], 0.95) = 393 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_x_req = -Mxneg / (0.87 × fy × zx) = 25 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_x_min = 0.0013 × B × h = 878 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 8 No. 12 dia. bars top (200 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_xT_prov = NxT × π × φxT2 / 4 = 905 mm2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required

Moment design in y direction

Diameter of tension reinforcement; φyB = 12 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dy = h - cnom - φxB - φyB / 2 = 402 mm

Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)

Ky = My / (L × dy2 × fcu) = 0.000
Ky’ = 0.156
Ky < Ky' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zy = dy × min([0.5 + √(0.25 - Ky / 0.9)], 0.95) = 382 mm

23
 Project Job no.
BANAGAS CAR PARKING SOLAR ROOF 1804
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
FOUNDATION CHECK FOR CHEETAH SOLAR ROOF 5
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
VM 18/07/2018 VM

Area of tension reinforcement required; As_y_req = My / (0.87 × fy × zy) = 46 mm2

Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_y_min = 0.0013 × L × h = 1404 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 13 No. 12 dia. bars bottom (200 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_yB_prov = NyB × π × φyB2 / 4 = 1470 mm2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required

Calculate ultimate shear force at d from right face of column

Ultimate pressure for shear; qsu = (q3u - Cx × (L / 2 - ePxA - lA / 2 - dx) / B + q4u) / 2
qsu = 60.599 kN/m2
Area loaded for shear; As = B × min(3 × (L / 2 - eTx), L / 2 - ePxA - lA / 2 - dx) = 1.479 m2
Ultimate shear force; Vsu = As × (qsu - Fu / A) = 49.559 kN

Shear stresses at d from right face of column (cl 3.5.5.2)

Design shear stress; vsu = Vsu / (B × dx) = 0.080 N/mm2

From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8

Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 N/mm2 × min(3, [100 × As_xB_prov / (B × dx)]1/3) × max((400 mm
/ dx)1/4, 0.67) × (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.386 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2 × √(fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 5.000 N/mm2
PASS - vsu < vc - No shear reinforcement required

Calculate ultimate punching shear force at face of column

Ultimate pressure for punching shear;
Average effective depth of reinforcement;
Area loaded for punching shear at column;
Length of punching shear perimeter;
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter;
Effective shear force at shear perimeter;
qpuA = q4u-[(L/2-ePxA-lA/2)+(L/2+ePxA+lA/2)/2]×Cx/B+[(B/2-ePyA-
bA/2)+(bA)/2]×Cy/L = 14.780 kN/m2
d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 408 mm
ApA = (L/2+ePxA+lA/2)×(bA) = 0.500 m2
upA = 2×(L/2+ePxA+lA/2)+(bA) = 2500 mm
VpuA = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA) × ApA = 43.955 kN
VpuAeff = VpuA × 1.25 = 54.944 kN

Punching shear stresses at face of column (cl 3.7.7.2)

Design shear stress; vpuA = VpuAeff / (upA × d) = 0.054 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8N/mm2 × √(fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 5.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than allowable design shear stress

Calculate ultimate punching shear force at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column
Ultimate pressure for punching shear; qpuA1.5d = q4u-[(L/2-ePxA-lA/2-
1.5×d)+(L/2+ePxA+lA/2+1.5×d)/2]×Cx/B+[B/2]×Cy/L = 24.745 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 408 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA1.5d = (L/2+ePxA+lA/2+1.5×d)×B = 2.418 m2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA1.5d = B = 1500 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA1.5d = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA1.5d) × ApA1.5d = 43.470 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA1.5deff = VpuA1.5d×[1.25+1.5×abs(MxuA)/(VpuA1.5d×B)] = 137.007 kN

Punching shear stresses at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column (cl 3.7.7.2)
Design shear stress; vpuA1.5d = VpuA1.5deff / (upA1.5d × d) = 0.224 N/mm2

From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8

Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 N/mm2 × min(3, [100 × (As_xB_prov / (B × dx) + As_yB_prov / (L ×
dy)) / 2]1/3) × max((800 mm / (dx + dy))1/4, 0.67) × (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40)
/ 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.390 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8N/mm2 × √(fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 5.000 N/mm2

24
 Project Job no.
BANAGAS CAR PARKING SOLAR ROOF 1804
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
FOUNDATION CHECK FOR CHEETAH SOLAR ROOF 6
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
VM 18/07/2018 VM

PASS - vpuA1.5d < vc - No shear reinforcement required

13 No. 12 dia. bars btm (200 c/c)

13 No. 12 dia. bars top (200 c/c)

8 No. 12 dia. bars btm (200 c/c), 8 No. 12 dia. bars top (200 c/c)
Shear at d from column face

Punching shear perimeter at 1.5 × d from column face

25
Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

11.0 STAAD.OUTPUT FILE

Please refer to next pages.

26
 PAGE NO. 1

****************************************************
* *
* STAAD.Pro V8i SELECTseries5 *
* Version 20.07.10.65 *
* Proprietary Program of *
* Bentley Systems, Inc. *
* Date= JUL 17, 2018 *
* Time= 22:19:34 *
* *
* USER ID: Hewlett-Packard *
****************************************************

1. STAAD SPACE
INPUT FILE: FALCON_R0.STD
2. START JOB INFORMATION
3. ENGINEER DATE 04-JUL-18
4. END JOB INFORMATION
5. INPUT WIDTH 79
6. UNIT METER KN
7. JOINT COORDINATES
8. 1 0 0 0; 2 0 3.85 0; 3 6 3.25 0; 4 -6 3.25 0
9. MEMBER INCIDENCES
10. 1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 2 4
11. DEFINE MATERIAL START
12. ISOTROPIC STEEL
13. E 2.05E+008
14. POISSON 0.3
15. DENSITY 76.8195
16. ALPHA 1.2E-005
17. DAMP 0.03
18. TYPE STEEL
19. STRENGTH FY 253200 FU 407800 RY 1.5 RT 1.2
20. END DEFINE MATERIAL
21. MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
22. 1 TAPERED 0.516 0.004 0.516 0.2 0.008 0.2 0.008
23. 2 3 TAPERED 0.51 0.004 0.26 0.15 0.005 0.15 0.005
24. CONSTANTS
25. MATERIAL STEEL ALL
26. SUPPORTS
27. 1 FIXED
28. LOAD 1 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE DEAD LOAD
29. **SELFWEIGHT Y -1
30. MEMBER LOAD
31. 2 3 UNI GY -1.5
32. *LOAD 2 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE LIVE LOAD
33. *MEMBER LOAD
34. *2 3 UNI GY -4.275
35. LOAD 3 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE WIND ALONG -X
36. MEMBER LOAD
37. 2 3 UNI GY -1.46
38. 1 UNI GX 0.3

27
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 2

39. LOAD 4 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE WIND ALONG -

40. MEMBER LOAD
41. 2 3 UNI Y 2.14
42. 1 UNI GX 0.3
43. **
44. LOAD COMB 101 101
45. 1 1.0 3 1.0
46. LOAD COMB 102 102
47. 1 1.0 4 1.0
48. *LOAD COMB 103 103
49. *1 1.0 2 1.0
50. *
51. LOAD COMB 201 201
52. 1 1.4 3 1.4
53. LOAD COMB 202 202
54. 1 1.0 3 1.4
55. *LOAD COMB 203 203
56. *1 1.4 2 1.4
57. LOAD COMB 203 203
58. 1 1.4 4 1.4
59. LOAD COMB 204 204
60. 1 1.0 4 1.4
61. PERFORM ANALYSIS

P R O B L E M S T A T I S T I C S
-----------------------------------

NUMBER OF JOINTS 4 NUMBER OF MEMBERS 3

NUMBER OF PLATES 0 NUMBER OF SOLIDS 0
NUMBER OF SURFACES 0 NUMBER OF SUPPORTS 1

SOLVER USED IS THE OUT-OF-CORE BASIC SOLVER

ORIGINAL/FINAL BAND-WIDTH= 2/ 2/ 18 DOF

TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 3, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 18
TOTAL LOAD COMBINATION CASES = 6 SO FAR.
SIZE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX = 1 DOUBLE KILO-WORDS
REQRD/AVAIL. DISK SPACE = 12.0/ 283352.4 MB

62. PARAMETER 1
63. CODE BS5950
64. PY 275000 ALL
65. KZ 2 ALL
66. LY 1.5 MEMB 2 3
67. RATIO 1 ALL
68. TRACK 0 ALL
69. LOAD LIST 201 TO 204
70. CHECK CODE ALL

28
 STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 3

STAAD.Pro CODE CHECKING - (BSI )

***********************

PROGRAM CODE REVISION V2.13_5950-1_2000

**WARNING** TAPERED BEAM DESIGN OUTPUT RESTRICTED TO TRACK 0

29
 STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 4

ALL UNITS ARE - KN METE (UNLESS OTHERWISE Noted)

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/

FX MY MZ LOCATION
=======================================================================

1 TAP ERED PASS BS-4.7 (C) 0.058 201

49.98 C 0.00 3.11 0.00

**WARNING** TAPERED BEAM DESIGN OUTPUT RESTRICTED TO TRACK 0

2 TAP ERED PASS BS-4.3.6 0.606 201
2.49 T 0.00 74.96 0.00

**WARNING** TAPERED BEAM DESIGN OUTPUT RESTRICTED TO TRACK 0

3 TAP ERED PASS BS-4.3.6 0.606 201
2.49 T 0.00 74.96 0.00

************** END OF TABULATED RESULT OF DESIGN **************

71. FINISH

*********** END OF THE STAAD.Pro RUN ***********

**** DATE= JUL 17,2018 TIME= 22:19:38 ****

30
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 5

************************************************************
* For technical assistance on STAAD.Pro, please visit *
* http://selectservices.bentley.com/en-US/ *
* *
* Details about additional assistance from *
* Bentley and Partners can be found at program menu *
* Help->Technical Support *
* *
* Copyright (c) 1997-2014 Bentley Systems, Inc.
* http://www.bentley.com *
************************************************************

31
 PAGE NO. 1

****************************************************
* *
* STAAD.Pro V8i SELECTseries5 *
* Version 20.07.10.65 *
* Proprietary Program of *
* Bentley Systems, Inc. *
* Date= JUL 17, 2018 *
* Time= 22:14:20 *
* *
* USER ID: Hewlett-Packard *
****************************************************

1. STAAD SPACE
INPUT FILE: CHEETAH-SOLAR _R0.STD
2. START JOB INFORMATION
3. ENGINEER DATE 27-JUN-18
4. END JOB INFORMATION
5. INPUT WIDTH 79
6. UNIT METER KN
7. JOINT COORDINATES
8. 1 0 0 0; 2 0 2.3 0; 3 5.635 2.9 0
9. MEMBER INCIDENCES
10. 1 1 2; 2 2 3
11. DEFINE MATERIAL START
12. ISOTROPIC STEEL
13. E 2.05E+008
14. POISSON 0.3
15. DENSITY 76.8195
16. ALPHA 1.2E-005
17. DAMP 0.03
18. TYPE STEEL
19. STRENGTH FY 253200 FU 407800 RY 1.5 RT 1.2
20. END DEFINE MATERIAL
21. MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
22. 1 TAPERED 0.516 0.004 0.516 0.2 0.008 0.2 0.008
23. 2 TAPERED 0.51 0.004 0.26 0.15 0.005 0.15 0.005
24. CONSTANTS
25. MATERIAL STEEL ALL
26. *
27. SUPPORTS
28. 1 FIXED
29. *
30. LOAD 1 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE DEAD LOAD
31. SELFWEIGHT Y -1
32. MEMBER LOAD
33. 2 UNI GY -1.5
34. *
35. *LOAD 2 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE LIVE LOAD
36. *MEMBER LOAD
37. *2 UNI GY -4.275
38. LOAD 3 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE WIND ALONG -X

32
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 2

39. MEMBER LOAD

40. 2 UNI GY -1.9
41. 1 UNI GX 0.3
42. LOAD 4 LOADTYPE NONE TITLE WIND ALONG -
43. MEMBER LOAD
44. 2 UNI Y 2.5
45. 1 UNI GX 0.3
46. **
47. LOAD COMB 101 101
48. 1 1.0 3 1.0
49. LOAD COMB 102 102
50. 1 1.0 4 1.0
51. *LOAD COMB 103 103
52. *1 1.0 2 1.0
53. *
54. LOAD COMB 201 201
55. 1 1.4 3 1.4
56. LOAD COMB 202 202
57. 1 1.0 3 1.4
58. *LOAD COMB 203 203
59. *1 1.4 2 1.6
60. LOAD COMB 203 203
61. 1 1.4 4 1.4
62. LOAD COMB 204 204
63. 1 1.0 4 1.4
64. PERFORM ANALYSIS

P R O B L E M S T A T I S T I C S
-----------------------------------

NUMBER OF JOINTS 3 NUMBER OF MEMBERS 2

NUMBER OF PLATES 0 NUMBER OF SOLIDS 0
NUMBER OF SURFACES 0 NUMBER OF SUPPORTS 1

SOLVER USED IS THE OUT-OF-CORE BASIC SOLVER

ORIGINAL/FINAL BAND-WIDTH= 1/ 1/ 12 DOF

TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 3, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 12
TOTAL LOAD COMBINATION CASES = 6 SO FAR.
SIZE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX = 1 DOUBLE KILO-WORDS
REQRD/AVAIL. DISK SPACE = 12.0/ 283396.8 MB

65. PARAMETER 1
66. CODE BS5950
67. PY 345000 ALL
68. KZ 2 ALL
69. LY 1.5 MEMB 2
70. RATIO 1 ALL

33
 STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 3

71. TRACK 0 ALL

72. LOAD LIST 201 TO 204
73. CHECK CODE ALL

STAAD.Pro CODE CHECKING - (BSI )

***********************

PROGRAM CODE REVISION V2.13_5950-1_2000

**WARNING** TAPERED BEAM DESIGN OUTPUT RESTRICTED TO TRACK 0

34
 STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 4

ALL UNITS ARE - KN METE (UNLESS OTHERWISE Noted)

MEMBER TABLE RESULT/ CRITICAL COND/ RATIO/ LOADING/

FX MY MZ LOCATION
=======================================================================

1 TAP ERED PASS BS-4.3.6 0.301 201

30.09 C 0.00 81.98 0.00

**WARNING** TAPERED BEAM DESIGN OUTPUT RESTRICTED TO TRACK 0

2 TAP ERED PASS BS-4.3.6 0.576 201
3.05 C 0.00 80.87 0.00

************** END OF TABULATED RESULT OF DESIGN **************

74. FINISH

*********** END OF THE STAAD.Pro RUN ***********

**** DATE= JUL 17,2018 TIME= 22:14:24 ****

35
STAAD SPACE -- PAGE NO. 5

************************************************************
* For technical assistance on STAAD.Pro, please visit *
* http://selectservices.bentley.com/en-US/ *
* *
* Details about additional assistance from *
* Bentley and Partners can be found at program menu *
* Help->Technical Support *
* *
* Copyright (c) 1997-2014 Bentley Systems, Inc.
* http://www.bentley.com *
************************************************************

36
Client : Consultant : Contractor :

Engineer : VM Date : 07/08/2018 Subject : Analysis and design of car parking shelters for Revision
Checked : AA Date : 07/08/2018 solar panels 00

12.0 REFERENCES
Code references & drawings has been attached.

37
BS 6399-2:1997 Section 2

2.2.3.2 For buildings with height H greater than the crosswind breadth B for the wind direction being
considered, some reduction in overall loads may be obtained by dividing the building into a number of parts
as follows:
a) buildings with height H less than or equal to B should be considered to be one part, as in Figure 11a);
b) buildings with height H greater than B but less than 2B should be considered to be two parts,
comprising a lower part extending upwards from the ground by a height equal to B and an upper part
which is the remainder, as in Figure 11b);
c) buildings with height H greater than 2B should be considered to be multiple parts, comprising a lower
part extending upwards from the ground by a height equal to B, an upper part extending downwards
from the top by a height equal to B, and a middle region between upper and lower parts which may be
divided into a number of horizontal parts, as in Figure 11c).
The reference height Hr for each part should be taken as the height to the top of that part. The diagonal
dimension, a, should be taken for the loaded area being considered.
2.2.3.3 The terrain and building factor Sb should be obtained directly from Table 4 and takes account of:
a) the effective height He determined from 1.7.3;
b) the closest upwind distance of the site from the sea in the range of wind direction Ú = ±45° around the
notional wind direction for the orthogonal load case, as defined with the pressure coefficient data for each
form of building;
c) whether the site is in country terrain or at least 2 km inside town terrain.
NOTE For all sites inside towns (except exactly at the upwind edge or at a distance of 2 km from the upwind edge) the simplifications
of the standard method produce a larger value of Sb than the directional method. If the loads produced by the standard method are
critical to the design, the use of the hybrid combination given in 3.4.2 should be considered.
Table 4 — Factor Sb for standard method
Site in country or up to 2 km into town Site in town, extending U 2 km upwind from the site
Effective height Closest distance to sea upwind Effective height Closest distance to sea upwind
He He
km km
m k 0.1 2 10 U 100 m 2 10 U 100
k2 1.48 1.40 1.35 1.26 k2 1.18 1.15 1.07
5 1.65 1.62 1.57 1.45 5 1.50 1.45 1.36
10 1.78 1.78 1.73 1.62 10 1.73 1.69 1.58
15 1.85 1.85 1.82 1.71 15 1.85 1.82 1.71
20 1.90 1.90 1.89 1.77 20 1.90 1.89 1.77
30 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.85 30 1.96 1.96 1.85
50 2.04 2.04 2.04 1.95 50 2.04 2.04 1.95
100 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.07 100 2.12 2.12 2.07
NOTE 1 Interpolation may be used within each table.
NOTE 2 The figures in this table have been derived from reference [5].
NOTE 3 Values assume a diagonal dimension a = 5 m.
NOTE 4 If He > 100 m use the directional method of Section 3.

28 © BSI 31 July 2002

38
Section 2 BS 6399-2:1997

2.2.2.3 Direction factor

The direction factor Sd may be used to adjust the basic wind speed to produce wind speeds with the same
risk of being exceeded in any wind direction. Values are given in Table 3 for all wind directions in 30°
intervals (where the wind direction is defined in the conventional manner: an east wind is a wind direction
of (Î = 90° and blows from the east to the site). If the orientation of the building is unknown or ignored, the
value of the direction factor should be taken as Sd = 1.00 for all directions.
NOTE When the direction factor is used with other factors that have a directional variation, values from Table 3 should be
interpolated for the specific direction being considered, or the largest tabulated value in the range of wind direction may be selected.
Table 3 — Values of direction factor Sd
Direction Î Direction factor Sd
0° North 0.78
30° 0.73
60° 0.73
90° East 0.74
120° 0.73
150° 0.80
180° South 0.85
210° 0.93
240° 1.00
270° West 0.99
300° 0.91
330° 0.82
360° North 0.78
NOTE Interpolation may be used within this table.

2.2.2.4 Seasonal factor

The seasonal factor Ss may be used to reduce the basic wind speed for buildings which are expected to be
exposed to the wind for specific subannual periods, in particular for temporary works and buildings during
construction. Values which maintain the risk (probability) of being exceeded of Q = 0.02 in the stated period
are given in Annex D.
For permanent buildings and buildings exposed to the wind for a continuous period of more than 6 months
a value of 1.0 should be used for Ss.
2.2.2.5 Probability factor
A probability factor Sp may be used to change the risk of the basic wind speed being exceeded from the
standard value of Q = 0.02 annually, or in the stated subannual period if Ss is also used. Equation D.1
gives Sp, together with a number of values for other levels of risk.
For all normal design applications, where adjustments for risk are made through the partial factors, the
standard value of risk, Q = 0.02, is used and Sp = 1.0.
2.2.3 Effective wind speed
2.2.3.1 The effective wind speed Ve should be calculated from:

Ve = Vs × Sb (12)

where
Vs is the site wind speed obtained from 2.2.2, for the range Ú = ±45° around the notional orthogonal
wind directions defined with the pressure coefficient data for each form of building;
Sb is the terrain and building factor obtained from 2.2.3.3.

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BS 6399-2:1997 Section 2

2.2 Standard wind speeds

2.2.1 Basic wind speed
The geographical variation of basic wind speed Vb should be obtained directly from Figure 6.
NOTE The method used to derive the basic wind speed from the meteorological data is described in Annex B.

2.2.2 Site wind speed

2.2.2.1 General
The site wind speed Vs for any particular direction should be calculated from where

Vs = Vb × Sa × Sd × Ss × Sp (8)

where
Vb is the basic wind speed from 2.2.1;
Sa is an altitude factor (see 2.2.2.2);
Sd is a direction factor (see 2.2.2.3);
Ss is a seasonal factor (see 2.2.2.4);
Sp is a probability factor (see 2.2.2.5).
NOTE In considering the range of wind directions ±45°, in accordance with 2.1.1.2, two approaches are possible:
a) the most onerous value of each factor in equation 8 is taken, leading to a single conservative value of Vs;
b) assessments of Vs are made at intervals through the range of direction and the largest value used.
In practice, option b) will not produce significantly lower values than a) unless the combination of location, exposure and
topography of the site is unusual.

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