Revision Notes

Class -7 Mathematics
Chapter 7 – Congruence of Triangles

Congruence
● Two objects are said to be congruent if and only if their shape and size
are same.
● The relation between two congruent objects is called congruence.
● Congruence is denoted by symbol 

Congruence of Plane Figures

● Two plane figures are said to be congruent when two plane figures
superpose each other i.e. when one figure is placed on another figure they
coincide.
● Suppose a plane P1 is congruent to plane P2 then it is written or denoted
as P1  P2

Congruence Among Line Segments

● Two lines are said to be congruent if they have equal length.
● Conversely, if two lines are congruent, they are of equal length.
● Suppose a line AB is congruent to plane CD then it is written or denoted
as AB  CD

Congruence of Angle
● Two angles are said to be congruent if they have equal measure.
● Conversely, if two angles are congruent, they are of equal measure.
● Suppose an angle ABC is congruent to angle CDE then it is written
or denoted as ABC  CDE

Congruence of Triangle
● Two triangles are said to be congruent if they have corresponding
vertices, corresponding sides and corresponding angles equal.
● Let us suppose two triangles ABC and PQR have correspondence as
AP
BQ
CR
It can be written as ABC  PQR which implies that ABC  PQR

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● In the above case if we denote it as ABC  PRQ then it is not possible
since vertex B is corresponding to vertex Q not R
● Therefore, congruence should be denoted in the proper way since the
order of the letters in the names of congruent triangles displays the
corresponding relationships.

Criteria For Congruence of Triangle

● There are four criteria for congruence of the triangle and these are

1. SSS Congruence Criteria

● If under a given correspondence, the three sides of one triangle are
equal to the three corresponding sides of another triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.
● For example:

In triangles ABC and PQR

AB  PQ
BC  QR
AC  PR
Then by SSS congruency ABC  PQR

2. SAS Congruence Criteria

● If under a correspondence, two sides and the angle included between
them of a triangle are equal to two corresponding sides and the angle
included between them of another triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.
● For example

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 In triangles ABC and PQR
AB  PQ
BAC  QPR
AC  PR
Then by SAS congruency ABC  PQR

3. ASA Congruence Criteria

● If under a correspondence, two angles and the included side of a
triangle are equal to two corresponding angles and the included side of
another triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
● For example

In triangles ABC and PQR

AB  PQ
BAC  QPR
ABC  PQR
Then by ASA congruency ABC  PQR

4. RHS Congruence Criteria

● If under a correspondence, the hypotenuse and one side of a right-
angled triangle are respectively equal to the hypotenuse and one side
of another right-angled triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
● This criterion is applicable on right angle triangles only.
● For example

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 In triangles ABC and PQR
AC  PR
BC  QR
Then by RHS congruency ABC  PQR

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