CHAPTER 1.

WHOLE NUMBERS

Lesson 1. PLACE VALUE

 In a four-digit number, the place value of each digits from left to right are: thousands,
hundreds, tens and ones.
 The value of each digit in a numeral is the digit multiplied by its place value.

PLACE VALUE CHART

Place value in Words THOUSANDS HUNDREDS TENS ONES
Place value in Figures 1000 100 10 1
Given Number 4 7 2 8

PLACE VALUE
DIGIT word figure VALUE
8 ones 1 8x1=8
2 tens 10 2 x 10 = 20
7 hundreds 100 7 x 100 = 700
4 thousands 1000 4 x 1000 = 4000

Lesson 2. ADDITION OF WHOLE NUMBERS

 Addends- are the numbers that is being added.
 Sum- is the result of addition.
 Addition- is process of putting together two or more numbers.
 Properties of Addition
1. Commutative Property of Addition(CPA)
- the order of the addends does not affect the sum.
Example. 4 + 3 = 3+ 4
2. Associative Property of Addition (ASA)
- changing the grouping of the addends does not affect the sum.
Example. (1+7)+5= 1+(7+5)
3. Identity Property of Addition (IPA)
- states that the sum of a number and zero is the same number.
Example. 8 + 0 = 8
 Adding Two- to Three- digit numbers.

Lesson 3. SUBTRACTION OF WHOLE NUMBERS

 Subtraction is the process of taking away one number from another.
 Subtraction is like finding the missing addend.
  Minuend is the number being subtracted from.
 Subtrahend is the number used to subtract.
 Difference or remainder is the answer of subtraction.
 Subtraction is the inverse operation of addition.
Example:
Subtraction Sentence Addition Sentence

6-2=4 2+4=6 or
4+2=6
 Subtraction of Two- to three digit numbers.

Lesson 4. Multiplication of Whole Numbers

 Multiplication is repeated addition.
 Factors is the numbers being multiplied.
 Product is the answer of multiplication.
 Properties of Multiplication
1. Identity Property of Multiplication (IPM)
- states that the product of 1 and another number is the number.
2. Zero Property of Multiplication (ZPM)
- states that the product of any number and zero is zero.
3. Commutative Property of Multiplication (CPM)
- states that the order of the factors does not affect the product
4. Associative Property of Multiplication (APM)
- states that changing the grouping of the factors does not affect the product.

Lesson 5. DIVISION OF WHOLE NUMBERS

 Dividend is the number being divided.

 Divisor is the number that divides.
 Quotient is the answer of division.
 Division is called repeated subtraction.
 Division is an inverse operation of multiplication. It means that
dividend ÷ divisor = quotient nay be written as
divisor x quotient = dividend