NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA

FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

TOPIC
ROLES OF CITIZENS IN COMMUNITY-LED PROCUREMENT IN COMMUNITY
PROJECT IN ANAMBRA STATE

BY

OKAFOR SONIA CHIMUANYA

2018314031

A PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING,

FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY,
AWKA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE (B.SC) DEGREE IN QUANTITY SURVEYING.

OCTOBER 2023
 CONTENTS OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL

 Introduction
 Background of The Study
 Statement of Research Problem
 Aim
 Objectives
 Key Research Questions
 Hypothesis
 Outline Methodology
 Proposed Contents
 Initial References
 INTRODUCTION
1.1 What is Community-Led Procurement?
Community-led procurement is commonly understood as the development of systems to manage
programme or project funds from local government or donors and using them in ways that are
determined by the community in order to acquire products, contractors and services generally
through locally elected community organizations. Community led procurement varies in view of
the actors involved and asset generated within the project.
According to Wikipedia, A community project is a term applied to any community-led project.
This covers a wide variety of different areas within a community or a group of networking
entities. Projects can cover almost anything; all community projects are different in some way;
the size and scope of these projects is determined firstly by the community they cater to.
According to the definition of a community, a community could be the entire human race or parts
of it anywhere on the planet. However, because of phenomena like distance decay or
demographic factors such as age group, gender and income that determine social identity of
groups, the extent of community-led projects is usually much more limited.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Citizens today are more informed than ever and are demanding a place in shaping the policies
and services that affect their lives.
According to World bank (2001) In the context of community infrastructure, citizens and
stakeholders are of key importance. They are the ones who ultimately benefit from investment
and development projects; hence they have a role to play in the process of developing and
implementing them.
According to Civicus (2002) Community led procurement varies in view of the actors involved
and asset generated within the project. Using the government funds and project funds, the
community organizations will utilize such resources through procurement methods/process
called community-led procurement and there are guidelines in achieving this.
The aim of this study is to examine roles of the citizen’s i.e., those involved in the success of
community projects and to determine community-led to procurement process/methods to achieve
such projects and their contribution to such community projects. Community Projects is
inherently poised to affect the community and its people (its citizens). Hence the various arms of
the community which include both the stakeholders as well as other members of the community
are typically involved in order to achieve an ideal infrastructure.
Roles played by these citizens are divided into different community organizations such as;
village council development board, project execution committees, procurement committees,
resource management committee. This listed organizations are citizens who exercise their roles
in such projects and representing the community at large. This study will possibly look into their
roles and contributions and how such roles affect the supposed projects at hand.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Funds were released, projects were executed, but how were they done. We need an empirical
investigation to bring the knowledge to book. There is Lack of data/information on how such
projects was undertaken and executed. And what that phenomenal community led procurement
and what are the benefits surrounding such phenomenal.
According to reporter Uche Ndeke (2020) The Anambra State government in 2018 awarded
contracts for the construction of prototype 600 bed capacity hostel blocks and perimeter fencing
of some secondary schools across the state to guarantee the security of teachers and students.
This project was scheduled to be completed within one year, however two years down the line,
most of the contracts are yet to be completed due to poor procurement and monitoring process.
The world bank’s country procurement assessment report of (1999), shows that of every one
naira spent by the Nigeria government, 60 kobo was lost to underhand practices.
According to the report, an average of $10 billion is lost annually due to irregular practices in the
award and execution of public contracts through lack of procurement plans, poor budgeting
process, and other kinds of manipulations of the procurement and contract award processes.

1.4 AIM
The aim of this study is to examine the community led procurement approach in community
projects in Anambra state and the roles of citizens in such project.

1.5 OBJECTIVES
1. To identify the roles of the citizens in community led procurement process in community
projects in construction industry.

2. To suggest the most suitable community led procurement approach in community

projects to be used to produce accountability and achievement of project in community.

3. To find if community led procurement approach is economical for implementation for

most community projects.

4. To find if there is evidence of better operation and maintenance of items and services
created through community led procurement approach.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study would provide clients/ professionals who are involved in community
projects through community led procurement the desired knowledge and enlightenment on how
to use best community led procurement approach in delivering projects in Anambra State.
This study will go a long way in assisting community stakeholders and citizens in the
construction industry is to know and acquit themselves in selecting the right procurement for a
right project and. Also increase productivity, project performance and reduce cost and resources
wastage.
 1.7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the roles of the citizens during community led procurement process, and which
particular set of citizens are involved?
2. Are there most suitable community led procurement approach for the achievement of
community projects and accountability?
3. Is the community led procurement approach economical for implementation for most
community projects??
4. Are there evidence of better operation and maintenance of items and services created
through community led procurement approach?

1.8 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The research will test and validate the following hypothesis;

HO: There is a no community led procurement approach/system that can be used in effective
delivery of community projects in Anambra state

Hi: There is a community led procurement approach/system that can be used in effective
delivery of community projects in Anambra state
 2.1 OUTLINE METHODOLOGY
It describes the research design

2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

The field survey involves collection of information and data through the administration of oral
interviews and questionnaires to construction professionals in the community committees e.g.
Quantity Surveyors, Engineers, Architects and Builders (contractors) etc. involved in
community-led procurement in South-East Nigeria with particular attention on Anambra state

2.3 SOURCES OF DATA

Primary source of data would be used for the purpose of this research.

2.4 POPULATION OF STUDY

The population of the study would be the citizens of the chosen community area which comprise
of the community committees, professionals and non-professionals

2.5 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION

The tools used for the purpose of data collection were questionnaires and oral interviews
designed and conducted by the researcher.
 PROPOSED CONTENT
The proposed content of this work includes:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4. DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
5. SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
 INITIAL REFERENCES

 Public budget and Expenditure: Alternative Budgets “Carmen Malena and Guy
Holloway, Civicus (2010) Community-led Procurement.
 Alan, A. Enabling a Community-led Process: Pamoja Trust’s Approach to Slum
Upgrading in Nairobi, Kenya (2005)
 De Silva, S. Communities Taking the Lead: A handbook on Direct Financing of
Community Subprojects. World Bank (2002)
 De Silva, S. Community-Based Contracting: A Review of Stakeholder Experience World
Bank (2000)
 Mbungu, M. Procurement and Financial Procedures Manual for Use by Community-
Based Organisation, World Bank (1999)
 Uriono, J.C. Guide for Task Teams on Procurement Procedures Used in Social Funds.
World Bank (2001)
 A. K. Kalesh Kumar, Shweta Rajwade, Julian Boyle, Payal Malik Madan and Siddharth
Dasgupta. Community Based Procurement in World Bank (2009)