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1.RICS APC Construction Tech Flashcards by Matt Ward - Brainscape
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Entrance Exams
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3/6/2021 RICS APC Construction Tech Flashcards by Matt Ward | Brainscape
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Random Knowledge
What is substructure?
All structure below the superstructure i.e. all structure below ground level including the
ground floor bed
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What is Superstructure?
All internal and external structure above the substructure
Made up of primary (ext walls, stairs, roof, structural walls) and secondary (suspended
ceilings / raised floors, balustrades, doors) elements and finishes (tiles, paint, stair nosings)
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- Accommodation
- Temporary services
- Plant
- Fencing / hoarding
- Safety and health
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14. What is a tower crane and how do you erect one? What would stop
a tower crane from working?
tower crane is a tall crane used for lifting objects into high places. The boom allows a
longer reach with 360 access. A longer boom reduces the payload capability.
You would usually use a smaller crane to erect a tower crane
Weather conditions could prevent it from working, in particular high, strong winds.
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23. What are the different ways that the piles transfer their load to the
surrounding ground?
- End bearing piles
- Friction piles
- Settlement reducing piles
- Tension piles - tall chimneys, transmission towers and jetties
- Laterally loaded piles - bridge piers, trestles to overhead cranes, tall chimneys and
retaining walls
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formation of friction piles and when forming pile foundations close to existing buildings
where the allowable amount of noise and/or vibration is limited.
Pre-cast Concrete piles - used where soft soil deposits overlie firmer strata. These piles are
usually driven using a drop or single action hammer.
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25. What are the problems to the PQS regarding cost control with
piling? Whose risk is the piling?
The end depth of the piles are never a certainty and the procurement route used
determines who takes the risk (traditional/ D&B = the main contractor; management
contracts = employer)
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carefully designed
b) Tanking – e.g. asphalt, polythene sheeting, bitumen, epoxy resins. These can be applied
internally or externally to provide a continuous membrane to the base slabs and walls.
Externally is better as it protects the structure as well.
c) Drained Cavity – can be used for new or refurbishment work. It accepts a small amount
of water seepage will occur, and collects and drains this away. Builds an inner non-load
bearing wall to form a cavity. The floor is laid to falls, moisture drains to a sump and is
discharged direct or pumped
d) N.B. Basements are rated as to their final use e.g. habitable, plant, storage and the
waterproofing solution is often influenced by this.
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Examining the impact of the steel price rises has found that the whole project costs for
concrete framed buildings are marginally less than for steel framed buildings.
Fire protection as part of structure
Slower form of construction at this early stage will reduce the cash flow early on
Maintenance of an insitu concrete frame is low
Cladding can be fixed to it and replaced easily.
It also provides good sound and heat insulation.
Insitu allows for alteration at late stage of construction
Can deal with complex geometry better than steelwork
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They provide standard information on steel sections in a tabulated form. For each serial
size and Universal beam number.
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46. What are connections (in relation to steel) and what percentage
would you expect them to be?
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Post-tensioning, concrete is cast around ducts or sheathing in which the tendons are to
be housed.
Stressing is carried out after the concrete has cured by means of hydraulic jacks.
Used when stressing is to be carried out on site after casting an insitu component or
where a series of pre-cast concrete units are to be joined together to form the required
member.
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Anything that holds fresh in-situ concrete in place until it hardens, such as plywood
shutters, steel pan forms, fibreglass moulds or profiled decking, as well as its supporting
props, centering or falsework, plus accessories like wedges and clips for tightening joints
and to make stripping easy.
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A method for constructing a repetitive structure such as a core, lift shaft or stairwell.
The formwork is constantly moving upwards, approx. 1” every 10mins.
The concrete that becomes exposed must be cured enough to support.
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Jump forming is where a significant height of concrete is cast and left to cure.
The whole formwork module is then moved up and repeated.
It works in a similar principle to slip forming but is slower and cheaper in process
terms.
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The mesh used to reinforce concrete slabs (generally). The mesh is laid down and the
concrete poured over it.
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54. In a brick/block cavity wall, how are window openings dealt with
in terms of closing the cavity, preventing water penetration and
structurally?
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The frog is an indentation in one of the bed faces of a brick, usually the top.
Unless specifically stated, bricks should be laid frog (or larger frog) facing up, and with
mortar filling the frog.
This gives a stronger wall and superior sound insulation.
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Bolted
Riveted
Welded.
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Frame
Roof
M&E.
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A perforated brick to allow for ventilation into a room or an underfloor space. NOT a
weep hole.
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63. What are the factors that might affect the choice materials for
internal partitions?
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The glass is ‘glazed’ or fixed into a frame, be it either a wooden or a steel frame.
The glass is placed in a rebate and secured with putty or beading.
This frame is then mounted between the walls / columns required and usually secured
with a putty.
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A lightly rounded metal strip over the joint between the floor finishes or coverings that
meet under the door leaf.
Prevents fraying, looks better and interrupts combustible flooring under fire doors
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67. What are the main components of a hipped end pitched timber
roof structure?
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Principle Rafters – Provides support to roof covering. Span from eaves to ridge
Jack Rafters – Shorter rafters that run from hip to eaves or ridge to valley
Ridge board – Spine of roof carcass than runs along the ridge
Wall plates – to receive the feet of rafters at top of external wall
Hip rafters – where two roof surfaces meet to form external angle
Valley rafter – where two roof surfaces meet to form internal angle
Bargeboards / fascia – to cover feet of rafters
Purlins – Intermediate horizontal members to support rafters
Battens – small pieces of wood to which the roof covering is affixed
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69. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following flat
roof coverings: single layer membrane, built-up membrane system
and asphalt?
Study These Flashcards
Single layer membrane – one layer of felt consisting of a base sheet of a base sheet of
glass fibre or polyester reinforcement impregnated with hot bitumen during manufacture.
It is then coated both sides with a weatherproof bitumen compound. It is then dusted with
sand on one layer and a thin layer of polythene on the other and left to cool. After cooling
it is cut into strips ready for use.
Built up felt – is constructed using three layers of the above felt. The first is laid at right
angles to the fall commencing at the eaves. The next is laid parallel to the fall and the final
layer at right angles. It is then covered with stone chippings.
Asphalt roofing – mastic asphalt consists of an aggregate with a bituminous binder
which is cast into block ready for reheating at site. They are heated into cauldrons to a
temp of 200 degrees C and are transported in liquid form to the roof. Two coats are
usually required.
• Single layer membrane is too thin and are easily punctured are rarely used. But form the
cheapest option.
• Built up felt is more common but can be easily punctured if proper care is not taken.
• Asphalt roofs reduce risks of defects as it is poured on site rather than coming to site in
rolls which can be damaged in transport.
• Asphalt cools quickly and will need to be heated close to the roof.
• Heating anything to 200 degrees C is dangerous especially in a working environment.
Proper H&S drills need to be in place
• Asphalt roofs are hard wearing and are design to allow for transit over them. Some
companies offer a 60-year guarantee on them.
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70. What items would you expect to find on a timber or part glazed
door that was required to have a half-hour fire rating?
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3 hinges
Intumescent strip on door or edge of frame
Self-closing device
If glazing panel is present it must be 6mm thick, wired glass to a max of 1.2m2 with
13mm x 13mm wood beads encased with non-combustible materials
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73. What is the difference between rolled and tiled carpet tiles and
why do we use each type?
Study These Flashcards
Rolled carpets generally better quality and more expensive. Used in dwellings.
Carpet tiles – harder wearing, lower quality cheaper and individual tiles can be
replaced therefore easier to maintain. Used in offices, hospitals etc. Also where raised
flooring systems are used carpet tiles allow for easier access to services that run in the void
below.
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Allows building above basement to be constructed at same time as basement - ground floor
slab is constructed and below ground is excavated
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Bottom up - forms the basement and then works upwards in a traditional manner. Simpler
but a longer programme.
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Part B Fire Safety - Sprinkler systems and emergency wayfinding (due to Grenfell)
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Roof Elements?
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Rafters
Battens
Eaves
Fascia
Soffit
Gutter
Joist
Ridge
Hanger
Membrane
Tiles
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Green roof – absorbs rain water, insulation, habitats wildlife, aesthetics, helps lower urban
air
Blue roof – collects water and releases it slowly when rain has stopped – e.g attenuation
tank
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Types of Ventilation?
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Definition of sustainability?
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3 pillars of sustainability?
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BREEAM?
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Alternatives to BREEAM
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Break out Existing, Excav, Capping, subbase, base, binder, surface/wearing, road
Restraint systems
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Flexible initial cost is lower, less curing time but it is less durable, maintenance costs are
highers, repair lower
Rigid requires joints, initial cost is high, but it is more durable, maintenance costs are low
and a good subgrade is not required, repair higher
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