10

TLE/EPAS
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
ELECTRONIC THEORY
(Electronic Components - Resistor)
Subject Area – Grade Level
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Electronic Theory
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writers: Herminigildo M. Peñera, Arvin R. Calimlim, Sharon R. Tagacay
Editors: Romulus Tangpos, Roel J. Dorado,
Reviewers: Martin I. Diaz, Memvie L. Alesna , Samson Tallodar
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Mac Andrew M. Solano II
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
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 TLE/EPAS
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
ELECTRONIC THEORY
(Electronic Components - Resistor)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE- Grade 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Electronic

Theory (Electronic Component- Resistor)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the (TLE - Grade 10) Self-Learning Module (SLM) on (Electronic Theory –
(Electronic Component - Resistor)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

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 What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

2
References This is a list of all sources used in developing this
module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the (Electronic Component - Resistor). The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module consists of one lesson:

 Lesson 2 – Decoding a carbon resistor

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify and explain resistor color code.
2. Decode carbon composition resistor accurately.
3. Elaborate decoding of carbon composition resistor.
4. Illustrate a carbon resistor.

What I Know

Direction: Read each question encircle the letter of your answer. Choose the
letter of your answer and write it on the activity sheet.

1.) How does 4 bands resistor differ from 5 bands?

a. 4 bands have smaller the size
b. 5 bands have bigger the size
c. 4 bands have 4 color bands and 5 bands have 5 color bands
d. they are the same

2.) How do you read a 4 bands resistor?

a. 1st and 2nd color band place close to each other and multiplied by the
value of the 3rd band as multiplier
b. 1st, 2nd and 3rd band color place close to each other and multiplied by
the value of the 4th band as multiplier
c. use ruler or meter stick to know the value of resistor
d. use weighing machine to find the value of resistor

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3.) How do you read 4 bands resistor?
a. 1st and 2nd color band place close to each other and multiplied by the
value of the 3rd band
b. 1st, 2nd and 3rd band color place close to each other and multiplied by
the value of the 4th band
c. use ruler or meter stick to know the value of resistor
d. use weighing machine to find the value of resistor

4.) What is used to decode information of color banded axial lead resistor?
a. capacitor
b. trimmer capacitor
c. resistor color code calculator and chart
d. transistor

5.) What is the numerical value of red color if it is in the 1st band?
a. 1
b. 0
c. 3
d. 4

6.) What other measuring device is used to determine the value of resistor,
aside from color coding chart?
a. computer
b. Ohmmeter
c. Thermal scanner
d. Barcode scanner

7.) What is the tolerance value of gold?

a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 100%

8.) If the 3rd band of the fixed resistor is yellow, what does it mean?
a. the multiplier is 104
b. the multiplier is 105
c. the multiplier is 106
d. the multiplier is 10

9.) What is the value of color violet in a resistor?

a. 7
b. 8
c. 10
d. 6

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10.) What is the color of the 3rd band if value of the resistor is in kΩ?
a. red
b. orange
c. yellow
d. all of the above

11.) How could you determine the value of a fixed resistor?

a. by its color code
b. by its shape
c. by its capacity
d. by its weight

12.) What is the maximum tolerance of a fixed resistor?

a. 20 %
b. 5 %
c. 10 %
d. 100 %

13.) How can you determine the resistance of a carbon resistor?

a. by its color
b. by its color band
c. by its multiplier
d. by its tolerance

14.) What should be the color of the 4th band if the tolerance of the resistor
is 10%?
a. gold
b. silver
c. brown
d. no color

15.) How is the third band on a resistor being used?

a. as multiplier band
b. as tolerance band
c. as color band
d. as numerical band

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 Lesson
Resistor: Decoding Using
2 Color Coding

What’s In

Activity 1

Direction: Complete the table by writing the name and usage/function of each
resistor. Use the activity sheet for your answer.

Types of resistor Name Usage or function

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 What’s New

Activity 2

Direction: Unscramble the words. Write your answers in the activity sheet.
1.) ROISTERS

2.) LROCO

3.) CIDONG

4.) CEDEDO

5.) ERIW

6.) ELLOWY

7.) BNORW

8.) EAGNOR

9.) ACEELNORT

10.) EIILLMPRTU

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 What is It

Decoding a Carbon Resistor using Color Coding

Components and wires are coded with colors to identify their value and function.

Resistor Color Coding uses colored bands to quickly identify a resistors resistive
value and its percentage of tolerance with the physical size of the resistor indicating
its wattage rating.

Generally, the resistance value, tolerance, and wattage rating are printed on the body
of a resistor as numbers or letters when the resistors body is big enough to read the
print, such as large power resistors.

Color Coding Chart

Photo credited to http://www.resistorguide.com/resistor-color-code/

How do you remember resistor color codes?

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1.) The first color ring is the primary significant digit the second is the secondary
significant digit and the third is the multiplier the 4th ring which refers to
tolerances, most of the colors are those from the traditional rainbow, Black is
0 (as in 'nothing'), Brown is 1, then

Red through Violet, and finally Gray

and White are 8 and 9.

The third band represents the multiplier. This multiplier will basically shift
your decimal place around to change your value from mega ohms to milliohms
and anywhere in between

Tolerance is the percentage of error in the resistor's resistance, or how much

more or less you can expect a resistor's actual measured resistance to be from
its stated resistance. A gold tolerance band is 5% tolerance, silver is 10%, and
no band at all would mean a 20% tolerance, the maximum tolerance is 20%.
These three bands represent the 4th band.

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 2.) Black, Brown, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet, Grey, White <=> 0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Best method to memorize using mnemonic method
just like this.

Tips for reading resistor codes

 The reading direction might not always be clear. Sometimes the increased space
between 3rd and 4th gives/shows the way to reading direction. Also, the first band
is usually the closest to a lead. A gold or silver band (the tolerance) is always the
last band.
 It is a good practice to check the manufacturer’s documentation to be sure about
the used coding system. Even better is to measure the resistance with a multi-
meter. In some cases this might even be the only way to figure out the resistance;
for example when the color bands are burnt off.

Steps how to get exact resistance of a resistor

1. Identify the color that will come first. This can be done in two ways:

a. Taking the silver/gold color as the last color (meaning the color at the
opposite end of the silver/gold color is the first).
b. Look at the first two colors at each end. Compare their proximity to each
other, the color nearer to the next color immediately after it will be taken as
the first color value.

2. Write down the corresponding values of the colors, then multiply by the
multiplier that corresponds with the given color

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2 Common Numbers of Bands

4 Band Resistor

The four band color code is the

most common variation. These
resistors have two bands for the
resistance value, one multiplier
and one tolerance band.

Computation of color coding 4 bands

1.) A resistor with the following colors: RED, GREEN, BROWN, GOLD

(Refer to color coding chart)

First Color (Red) = 2
Second Color (Green) = 5
Multiplier (Brown) = x10
Tolerance (Gold) = ± 5%

To interpret

2 and 5 would be placed close to each other; which is 25

Then 25 will be multiplied by 10; 25 x 10 = 250 Ω

A resistor with a color of RED, GREEN, BROWN, and GOLD is 250 Ω

Computation Of Tolerance (Determining Minimum And Maximum Range

Value Of The Resistor)
Tolerance color is gold which is equivalent to ± 5%
Then we convert 5% to decimal number which is (5/100) is equal to 0.05
Calculating 250 x 0.05 = 12.5

Compute the maximum value of the resistor which is 250 + 12.5 = 262.5 Ω And
the minimum value of the resistor which is 250 – 12.5 = 237.5 Ω

Therefore: The range value of resistor has a color band of RED, GREEN, BROWN,
GOLD is from 237.5 Ω to 262.5 Ω.

2.) A resistor with the following colors: RED, GREEN, RED, GOLD

(Refer to color coding chart)

First Color (Red) = 2

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 Second Color (Green) = 5
Multiplier (Red) = x100
Tolerance (Gold) = ± 5%

To interpret

2 and 5 would be placed to each other; which is 25

Then 25 will be multiplied by 100; 25 x 100 = 2500 Ω or 2.5 KΩ

A resistor with a color of RED, GREEN, RED, GOLD is 2.5 KΩ

Computation Of Tolerance (Determining minimum and maximum range

value of the resistor)
Tolerance color is gold which is equivalent to ± 5%
Then we convert 5% to decimal number which is (5/100) is equal to 0.05
Calculating 2500 x 0.05 = 125

Compute the maximum value of the resistor which is 2500 + 125 = 2,625 Ω or
2.625 KΩ
And the minimum value of the resistor which is 2500 – 125 = 2,375 Ω or 2.375
KΩ

Therefore: The range value of resistor has color band of RED, GREEN, RED,
GOLD is from 2.375 KΩ to 2.625 KΩ.

3.) A resistor with the following colors: RED, GREEN, BLUE, GOLD

(Refer to color coding chart)

First Color (Red) = 2
Second Color (Green) = 5
Multiplier (Blue) = x 1,000,000
Tolerance (Gold) = ± 5%

To interpret

2 and 5 would be placed close to each other; which is 25

Then 25 will be multiplied by 1,000,000; 25 x 1,000,000 = 25,000,000 Ω or 25
MΩ

Therefore; A resistor with a color of RED, GREEN, BLUE, GOLD is 25 MΩ

COMPUTATION OF TOLERANCE (Determining minimum and maximum

range value of the resistor)
Tolerance color is gold which is equivalent to ± 5%
Then we convert 5% to decimal number which is (5/100) is equal to 0.05
Calculating 25,000,000 x 0.05 = 1,250,000 Ω or 1.25 MΩ

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 Compute the maximum value of the resistor which is 25,000,000 + 1,250,000 =
26,250,000 Ω or 26.25 MΩ

And the minimum value of the resistor which is 25,000,000 – 1,250,000 =

23,750,000 Ω or 23.75 MΩ

Therefore: The range value of resistor has a color band of RED, GREEN, BLUE,
GOLD is from 23.75 MΩ to 26.25 MΩ.

4.) A resistor with the following colors: RED, GREEN, BLUE, SILVER

(Refer to color coding chart)

First Color (Red) = 2
Second Color (Green) = 5
Multiplier (Blue) = x 1,000,000
Tolerance (Silver) = ± 10%

To interpret

2 and 5 would be placed close to each other; which is 25

Then 25 will be multiplied by 1,000,000; 25 x 1,000,000 = 25,000,000 Ω or 25
MΩ

Therefore; A resistor with a color of RED, GREEN, BLUE, SILVER is 25 MΩ

Computation Of Tolerance (Determining minimum and maximum range

value of the resistor)
Tolerance color is gold which is equivalent to ± 10%
Then we convert 10% to decimal number which is (10/100) is equal to 0.1
Calculating 25,000,000 x 0.1 = 2,500,000 Ω or 2.5 MΩ

Compute the maximum value of the resistor which is 25,000,000 + 2,500,000 =

27,500,000 Ω or 27.5 MΩ

And the minimum value of the resistor which is 25,000,000 – 2,500,000 =

22,500,000 Ω or 22.5 MΩ

Therefore: The range value of resistor with color band RED, GREEN, BLUE, and
SILVER is from 22.5 MΩ to 27.5 MΩ.

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5 band resistor

Resistors with high precision have an extra band to indicate a third significant digit.
Therefore, the first three bands indicate the significant digits, the fourth band is the
multiply factor and the fifth band represents the tolerance. There are exceptions to
this. For example, sometimes the extra band indicates failure rate (military
specification) or temperature coefficient (older or specialized resistors)

Computation of color coding 5 bands

1.) A resistor with the following colors: RED, GREEN, BLUE, BROWN, SILVER

(Refer to color coding chart)

First Color (Red) = 2
Second Color (Green) = 5
Third Color (Blue) = 6
Multiplier (Brown) = x 10
Tolerance (Silver) = ± 10%

To interpret

2,5 and 6 would be placed close to each other; which is 256

Then 256 will be multipled by 10; 256 x 10 = 2,560 Ω or 2.56 KΩ

Therefore; A resistor with a color of RED, GREEN, BLUE, BROWN, SILVER is

2,560 Ω 2.56 KΩ

Computation Of Tolerance (Determining minimum and maximum range

value of the resistor)
Tolerance color is gold which is equivalent to ± 10%
Then we convert 10% to decimal number which is (10/100) is equal to 0.1
Calculating 2,560 x 0.1 = 256 Ω

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 Compute the maximum value of the resistor which is 2,560 + 256 = 2,816 Ω or
2.816 K Ω

And the minimum value of the resistor which is 2,560 – 256 = 2,304 Ω or
2.304 KΩ

Therefore: The range value of resistor with color band RED, GREEN, BLUE,
BROWN, SILVER is from 2.304 KΩ to 2.816 KΩ.

Figure 1

2. From the resistor shown in figure 1, compute the following;

a. Resistance of the resistor
b. Tolerance
c. Range of resistances of the resistor

Given color which is: ORANGE, ORANGE, WHITE, BLACK, BROWN

Solution;

a.) Resistance of the resistor

(Refer to color coding chart)

First Color (Orange) = 3

Second Color (Orange) = 3
Third Color (White) = 9
Multiplier (Black) = 1

To interpret

3, 3 and 9 would be placed close to each other; which is 339

Then 339 will be multiplied by 1; 339 x 1 = 339 Ω

b.) Tolerance which is color (Brown) = 1% (Refer to color coding chart)

c.) Range of Resistance of Resistor

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 Computation of Tolerance (Determining minimum and maximum range
value of the resistor)
Tolerance color is Brown which is equivalent to ± 1%
Then we convert 1% to decimal number which is (1/100) is equal to 0.01
Calculating 339 x 0.01 = 3.39 Ω

Compute the maximum value of the resistor which is 339 + 3.39 = 342.39 Ω

And the minimum value of the resistor which is 339 – 3.39 = 335.61 Ω

Therefore: The range value of resistor with color band ORANGE, ORANGE
WHITE, BLACK, BROWN is from 335.61 Ω to 342.39 Ω.

3.) What will be the color code in five band of a resistor of resistance 470KΩ and
tolerance of 10%?

Solution; (Refer to color coding chart)

4 = YELLOW
7 = VIOLET
0 = BLACK
MULTIPLIER which is in K means thousand, so it is x 1,000 and it is ORANGE

Then the tolerance is 10% and it is SILVER.

Therefore, the color bands of the resistor are; YELLOW, VIOLET, BLACK
ORANGE AND SILVER.

What’s More

Activity 2

Direction: complete the table below by providing the resistance and tolerance value
of the resistor. Write your answers in activity sheet.

Resistance
Resistor Tolerance Value
Value

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18
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3

Direction: Answer the following questions given below. Write your answers in the
activity sheet.

1. Identify and explain resistor color code.

2. Decode carbon composition resistor accurately.
3. Elaborate decoding of carbon composition resistor.
4. Illustrate a carbon resistor.

What I Can Do

Activity 5

Direction: Answer the following problems given below. Show your solution.
Write your answers in the activity sheet.

1.) What is the function of the resistor in the circuit shown below?

2.) If the color band of the resistor was already faded, what measuring
instrument should we use to determine its resistance?

?
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 Assessment

Direction: Read each question encircle the letter of your answer. Choose the
letter of your answer and write it on the activity sheet.

1.) What is the third band on a resistor used for?

a. numerical band
b. tolerance band
c. color band
d. multiplier band

2.) How can you determine the resistance of a carbon resistor?

a. its color
b. its multiplier
c. its color band
d. its tolerance

3.) How fixed resistor limits the flow of current in the circuit?
a. resistor should be connected in series
b. resistor should be connected in parallel
c. resistor should be increased its power.
d. resistor should be Connected in both series and parallel

4.) It is used to decode information for color banded axial lead resistor
a. capacitor
b. diode
c. resistor color code calculator and chart
d. transistor
5.) Why do we use resistor?
a. to amplify signal.
b. to couple the signal from one circuit to another.
c. to convert alternating current to direct current.
d. to limit the flow of current in the circuit.

6.) What device is like a small version of a variable resistor?

a. potentiometer
b. capacitor
c. trimmer resistor
d. selector switch

7.) Why should wire wound type of resistor has high power rating?
a. because it has an insulated metallic wire that is winded around a
core of non-conductive material
b. because it has an uninsulated metallic wire that is winded around a
core of non-conductive material
c. because of its properties for high resistance values low power rating
d. because of its active opposition to the flow of current.

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8.) How are tone, bass and intensity of sound controlled?
a. by using variable resistor
b. by using fixed resistor
c. by using variable capacitor
d. by using Fixed Capacitor

9.) What type of resistor consist of solid cylindrical resistive element with
embedded wire leads or metal end caps to which the lead wires are
attached?
a. carbon composition resistor
b. wire wound resistor
c. film type resistor
d. trimmer

10.)What is the specification given to a resistor that serves to tell the

maximum amount of power that the resistor can withstand?
a. current flow
b. power rate of resistor
c. resistance
d. capacitance

11.) What device is used to indicate the values or ratings of electronic

components?
a. potentiometer
b. trimmer
c. color coding
d. selector switch

12.) What is the electrical passive component that limits current?

a. carbon composition resistor
b. capacitor
c. diode
d. transistor

13.) Which of the following components has a unit of ohms?

a. capacitor
b. diode
c. resistor
d. transistor

14.) What type of device can be placed easily on a PCB and can also be
adjusted when needed?
a. trimmer resistor
b. potentiometer
c. capacitor
d. variable Capacitor

15.) What is the maximum tolerance of a fixed resistor?

a. 10 %
b. 5 %
c. 20 %
d. 100 %

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 Additional Activities

Activity 6

Direction: Answer the following questions given below. Write your answers in the
activity sheet.

1.) What is the importance of color coding in a resistor?

2.) State the functions of a color band in a resistor.
3.) In a resistor with 6 bands, what is the significant value of the 6th color
band?

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 23
What's More Assessment
1. C 1.Carbon Composition 1. D
2. B Resistor – It is a 2. C
3. C type of fixed resistor 3. B
4. A that uses carbon 4. C
5. A composition. It is a 5. D
6. C high cost and low 6. C
7. B stability resistor. 7. A
8. B 2.Carbon Film 8. A
9. B Resistor – is a type 9. B
10.A of fixed resistor that 10.B
11.B uses carbon film to 11.C
12.A restrict the electric 12.A
13.C current to certain 13.C
14.B level. 14.A
15.A 3.Wire Wound 15.C
Resistor – is a type
of passive
compound in which
metal wire are used
to restrict the flow of
electric current to a
certain level.
4.Potentiometer- are
used to control
volume in audio
equipment
5.Rheostat – is used to
control the flow of
electric current by
manually increasing
& decreasing the
resistance.
Answer Key
References

Deped Curriculum Guide

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/639229740837237380/

https://www.arrow.com/en/research-and-events/articles/resistor-color-code

https://www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com/

https://www.instructables.com/lesson/Resistors/

https://learnabout-electronics.org/Resistors/resistors_08.php

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This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph