IGCSE BIOLOGY

REVISION MATERIAL
PART D
13. Excretion in human
14. Coordination and response
 I. Multiple choice questions: [Paper 2]

1. The diagram shows a kidney tubule and some of its associated blood vessels. A

Which substance is entirely reabsorbed from the fluid at R to the blood at P?

A glucose
B salts
C urea
D water

2. How does blood change as it passes through a kidney? D

A It gains glucose.
B It gains salts.
C It loses protein.
D It loses urea.

3. Which function does not occur in the kidneys? A

A breakdown of alcohol
B removal of excess salts from the blood
C removal of excess water from the blood
D removal of urea from the blood.

4. What is urea formed from? A

A amino acids
B fatty acids
C glucose
D glycerol

5. What is the function of the kidney? D

A making glucose and reabsorbing urea
B making urea and removing salts
C removing glucose and reabsorbing salts
D removing urea and reabsorbing glucose
 Paper 4

1. Figure 1.1 is a vertical section of the kidney.

Figure 1.1

Table 1.1 shows the functions of parts of the kidney.

Complete the table by: naming the part of the kidney that carries out each function.

a. using letters from Figure 1.1 to identify the part of the kidney named. One row has been
completed for you in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1

[4]
b. People with kidney disease are often treated in renal dialysis clinics. Their blood passes through
tubes lined with a special membrane for about three hours.

(i) State two waste substances that are removed from the blood by dialysis.
1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Kidney patients may be given a kidney transplant. State one advantage and one disadvantage of
kidney transplants compared with dialysis.
advantage ..........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
disadvantage .....................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]

c. The lungs and the kidneys are excretory organs of the human body.

(a) (i) Define the term excretion.

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
 Paper 6

1. One of the functions of the kidney is to reabsorb glucose back into the blood. Table 1.2 shows the
relationship between the glucose concentration in the blood and the amount of glucose excreted in
the urine.

Table 1.2
(i) Plot a graph of the data in Table 1.2 on the grid.

[4]

(ii) Describe the trend shown by the data plotted in (i).

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Use your graph to find how much glucose is excreted in the urine when the blood glucose level is
280 mg per 100 cm3. .................................. mg per minute. [1]
2. Urine is a waste product released from the body. It contains urea, water, salts and other metabolic
wastes. A student investigated the chemicals present in different samples of urine, A, B and C. These
samples were made up in the laboratory to represent urine. The student carried out a test for protein
and a test for reducing sugar on each sample.

(a) Describe the method that the student should use to safely test the samples for:
reducing sugar
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................

protein

....................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(b) Table 1.1 shows the student’s observations of the final colour in each of the two tests.

Table 1.1
Urine is often tested as part of a medical health check. The results of these urine tests can be used to
suggest whether a person has a health problem. Assume samples A, B and C were collected from
three different people during a medical health check. If reducing sugar is present, the person may be
suffering from a disease called diabetes. If protein is present, the person may be suffering from
kidney problems. However, if reducing sugar and protein are both absent from the urine, the person
is likely to be healthy. Use this information to make and explain a conclusion about the health of
each of these people.

(i) person A
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) person B

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) person C
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The student decided to test the pH of samples A, B and C using litmus paper. Their teacher
suggested that this was not the best way to test the pH and recommended that they used another
method.
(i) Describe why the teacher thought that litmus was not suitable.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest a suitable alternative method of determining the pH of a solution.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
 Mark Scheme

Multiple Choice

1. A

2. D

3. A

4. A

5. D

Paper 4

1 a,b

1 c.
Paper 6

1.

2.
 I. Multiple Choice questions [Paper 2]

1.The diagram shows a plant shoot growing towards light. Which response is shown by the shoot of
the plant?

A active transport

B gravitropism

C photosynthesis

D phototropism
2. The diagram shows a neurone carrying an impulse

Which row describes the type of neurone and the direction of impulse? B

3. Which of the following can be an effector in a reflex arc? A

A a gland

B a light receptor

C the brain

D the spinal cord

4. Some roots are known to be gravitropic. Which pair of diagrams show a controlled experiment to
find out if these roots are also phototropic? A

A 1 and 2

B 1 and 3

C 2 and 3

D 2 and 4
5.The diagram shows a shoot that has been placed on its side. The shoot begins to grow upwards. D

What causes the shoot to grow upwards?

A increased cell division by meiosis at P

B increased cell division by mitosis at P

C more cell elongation at P than Q

D more cell elongation at Q than P

6.The diagram shows a section through a human eye. B

When focusing on a close object at night, what is the state of structures P and Q?
7.What would be the effects of vasodilation and sweating on the body temperature and on the
amount of moisture on the surface of the skin?

8.What would be the pupil size and lens shape of a person reading a mobile phone text message in a
brightly-lit room?

9. Which labelled part of the eye contains muscle?

10.The diagram shows the muscles that control the size of the pupil in an eye.

How do the muscles make the pupil smaller?

11. Which diagram shows a sensory neurone?

 Paper 4

1. Fig. 3.1 is a diagram of human skin in cold weather.

(a) Table 3.1 shows the responses of the skin to cold weather.

Complete the table by: naming the parts of the skin that respond to cold weather

using the letters (P to V) from Fig. 3.1 to identify these parts of the skin.

[3]
(b) The response of the skin to cold weather is an involuntary action. Explain how an involuntary
action differs from a voluntary action.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) Describe how the nervous system coordinates the response of the skin to cold weather.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [4]
(d) Explain how negative feedback is involved in the control of body temperature.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
 Paper 6

1 Warm-blooded animals need to maintain a constant internal temperature. In cold weather some
of these animals crowd closely together in a group. To investigate the advantages of crowding
together in such a group a student followed the drop in temperature of 10 cm3 of water in a test
tube. • Test tube A was used to represent a single animal as shown in Fig. 1.1 • Test tubes B and C
were used to represent part of a crowded group of animals using 7 tubes as shown in Fig. 1.2

The temperature of the tubes labelled A, B and C in Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 was measured using a
thermometer, every 2 minutes for 10 minutes. The results are shown in Table 1.1.
(a) (i) Plot a graph of the results to show clearly the difference between the three sets of data.

(ii) Describe the results for tube A.

..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iii) Describe the differences between the results for tube A and those for tubes B and C.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(iv) Explain how the results shown in the graph show the effect of crowding together of animals in
cold conditions.

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Suggest two ways in which this investigation could have been improved to make the results
more reliable.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

Mark Scheme

Multiple Choice Questions [Paper 2]

1. D

2. B

3. A

4. A

5. D

6. B

7. B

8. C

9. C

10. B

11. C
Paper 4

1.
Paper 6