Special Machines

Magnetic Levitation

Prof. Mohamed K. El-Nemr

29 April. 2024

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Contents

1 MagLev

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Magnetically Levitated Linear Motor Vehicle

Maglev vehicles are a combination of super-conducting magnets and
linear motor technologies that realize high running speed, safety, relia-
bility, low environmental impact and minimum maintenance.

Figure: The Yamanashi Maglev Test Line (MLX01-901)

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Long Stator PM-LSM

Flat arrangement of PM
PM alternating polarity
Coercive forces is constant is z direction
Hc (x) is the coercive force produced by PMs
(MMF)1 is fundamental MMF produced by stator windings

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Long Stator PM-LSM

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Analysis Formulas of PM-LSM Forces

Propulsion force
π
Fx = KF0 (δe )I1 sin( x0 )
τ
Lift force

Fz = −FzS (δe , I1 ) − FzMs (δe , I1 , x0 ) − FzM (δe )

FzS = KzS (δe )I12 (1)

π
FzMs = KzMs (δe )I1 cos( x0 ) (2)
τ
FzM = KzM (δe ) (3)

Effective airgap length

δ e = kc δ

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Analysis Formulas of PM-LSM Forces

FzS is the attractive force of the iron stator to the current-carrying

windings, which attracts the PM yoke of the translator magnetically.
FzMs is an attractive or repulsive force between the stator current
and PM.
FzM is the attractive force of the PM which attracts magnetically the
stator laminated iron of the stator rail.

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Example
A single-sided Maglev permanent magnet linear motor vehicle with com-
bined propulsion and levitation of PMLSM. When the vehicle runs on
land with an air gap of 9mm, the trust force coefficient KF0 = 10.93 N/A.
The levitation force coefficients are:
The stator and current-carrying windings KzS (δe ) = 3.1 N/A2 .
The stator current and PM KzMs (δe ) = 45.3 N/A
The force between PM and stator laminated-iron KzM (δe ) = 12.4N
The total vehicle weight is 11kg. The armature windings are supplied with a
balanced three-phase of I1 = 4A. Find the mechanical load angle as a ratio
of pole pitch. Determine the attractive and repulsive components of levitation
forces. If the hydrodynamic resistance force FxR (N) is expressed as a function
of running speed vx m/s, it is found to be:

FxR = 60.76v2
Find the running speed in the above conditions. Determine supply frequency
at this condition.
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Solution

∵ Fz = 0
mg − KzMS Icos(δe ) + KzS I 2 + KzM = 0
cos(δe ) = (11 ∗ 9.81 + 3.1 ∗ 16 + 12.4)/(4 × 45.3) = 0.937693
Load angle θ = 20.33231◦
Attractive forces = Repulsive force = 169.91 N
Components are:
FzMS Repulsive
FzS attractive
KzM attractive

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Solution

For running at constant speed:

kF0 I sin(θ) − FxR = 0

10.93 × 4 × sin(20.33231)/60.76 = 0.716765
v = 0.84662m/s
as v = 2τ f

f = 0.42331Hz/pole pitch

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German Technology - TransRapid

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German technology - TransRapid

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Japanese technology - TransRapid

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Japanese technology - TransRapid

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Japanese technology - TransRapid

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Thank You

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