Audio Scripts
Student's Book 4
Review
Page 6, exercise 3
Jane: Hey, guys! What are you doing?
Tom: Hi, Jane. I’m checking my social media.
Nothing special.
Vicky: I’m not doing anything! I mean apart
from breathing and thinking…
Jane: That is something, Vicky. And it’s really
important, by the way ha ha. I’m doing my
language homework.
Vicky: Are you crazy? I never do homework on
a Saturday. No way!
Tom: Girls, what are you doing this afternoon?
Jane: In my case, I’m meeting up with my
cousins for lunch, and then we’re having a spa
treatment this afternoon.
Vicky: Nice. I’m not going anywhere today. I’m
not in the mood to go out.
Tom: Why not, Vicky? Are you OK?
Vicky: Sure. I’m just feeling a little lazy.
Tom: Oh, I see. We’re rehearsing with my band
at 4:00 PM. Why don’t you join us?
Jane: You should go! Or you can come and
have a girls’ day with us.
Tom: Hmm. I’ll let you know later. Thanks for
inviting me! Love you, guys.
Unit 1: Following Tracks
Page 13, exercise 3
I would like to tell you about a scientist I really
admire: Svante Pääbo, a Swedish geneticist
and Nobel Laureate. He was born on April
20, in 1955 in Stockholm, Sweden. In 2022,
he received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for
sequencing the first Neanderthal genome.
He teaches molecular evolutionary biology at
Leipzig University, in Germany, and he is one
of the founders of paleogenetics, the study
of early humans and other ancient species by
using genetics. He is the founding director of
the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in
Leipzig.
His mother was an Estonian chemist who
arrived in Sweden as a refugee during World
War II. She always supported him and she
transmitted to him her fascination with
science. He describes himself as a very curious
person. When he was a boy, he wanted to be
an archaeologist and Egyptologist. Nowadays,
he compares his research to that of an
archaeologist, but he says that his excavations
are in genomes.
Pääbo thinks that as much as 60% to 70% of
the Neanderthal genome can be found in
living humans. He established that people in
the UK who inherited a specific Neanderthal
chromosome variant feel pain more easily and
grow old quicker. In his own words: “It’s maybe
time to rethink our idea of Neanderthals
as brutish individuals… Maybe they were
actually very sensitive.”
Page 17, exercise 4
The closest extinct relatives to the Homo
sapiens sapiens, or humans, are the Homo
T64
erectus, the Neanderthal, and the Cro-Magnon Page 20, exercise 1
man. Let’s listen to some of the characteristics
of these species.
Homo erectus was the first known hominin to
migrate out of Africa to western and eastern
Asia, the first to control fire, and maybe the first
one to cook food. They used wooden spears
and simple stone tools such as hand-axes
and cleavers. Their first fossils were discovered
in 1891 on the Indonesian island of Java.
Before Homo erectus, all hominins lived in
Africa. Regarding its body, Homo erectus had
a human-like body, with an upright posture,
which explains its name. They lived in small
groups to survive by hunting and gathering
seeds, fruits, and leaves.
Neanderthals are fascinating hominins, too!
Nowadays we know many facts about them
thanks to their fossils and artefacts. There are
even complete skeletons. Scientist Svante
Pääbo and his team took samples of DNA from
Neanderthal bones and reconstructed their
genome. Neanderthal populations lived in Asia
and Europe. They understood the properties
of stones, so they made more durable hand-
axes, and created other tools such as knives,
scrapers, and spearheads. Regarding their
social life, there is evidence that shows they
cared for each other because they buried their
dead and cared for their elders.
Cro-Magnon species lived at the same time
as Neanderthals. The First Cro-Magnon’s fossil,
a skull, was discovered by Louis Lartet in
southwestern France in 1868. They were able
to build caves, but they also lived under rock
overhangs, and in stone huts. Their relation
with art was strong, and they were the first
human-like species to carve, and to sculpt
statuettes of humans and animals. In France
and Spain, they painted their lives on the walls
of their caves. They also decorated their tools,
such as blades, scrapers, and fine bone tools.
They created more sophisticated tools as well,
such as fishhooks, harpoons, and bows and
arrows to hunt.
Page 17, exercise 5
Guide: What can I do for you?
Tim: Could you tell me where the exhibition of
prehistoric art is?
Guide: Sure! It’s on the second floor. The stairs
are on your right.
Tim: Do you have any audio guides available
for the exhibition?
Guide: I’m afraid we don’t. But there’s a printed
guide available.
Tim: That would be great! Oh, please, what
time does the museum close today?
Guide: At 7:00 PM.
Tim: Are there upcoming events related to this
exhibition?
Guide: As far as I know, there aren’t any. But let
me see…
Tim: One last question, can I take some
pictures?
Guide: Well, it depends on the type of art
that’s on display. But no flash, please.
a. Ryan: Hi! I’m Ryan. Today, I’m going to talk
about an amazing animal that lived 300
million years ago. The Tully monster was
only 30 cm long, but apparently, it attacked
other sea animals, such as jellyfish and
shrimp, with the claws at the end of its
snout. Findings suggest that its body was
soft and sluggish, like that of a snail. The
Tully monster was so weird that it even left
expert paleontologists confused.
b. Agustina: Hi y’all. My name’s Agustina. I got
interested in prehistoric animals when I saw
a documentary on TV. They’re all fascinating.
However, woolly mammoths are my
favorite. They were more than 3 meters tall
and had huge and dangerous tusks, which
they used to defend themselves and attract
the opposite sex, but in comparison, they
had really tiny ears. They were herbivores, so
they ate plants, mainly grass.
c. Maria: Hi, guys! My name is Maria, and I’d
like to be a marine biologist one day. One
of the reasons is that my favorite prehistoric
marine animal is the jaekelopterus.
Apparently, it was two to three meters
long, and that’s why some know it as “the
giant sea scorpion.” It had a hard body, long
pincer claws, and multiple specialized limbs.
It fed on primitive fish, like the ancestors of
squids.
Page 24, exercise 1
Narrator: Presentation 1
Ana: We believe prehistoric people lived in
caves. Families used to sleep around the fire
to keep animals away. Life was difficult, but
families were very close and took care of the
elderly and sick.
Narrator: Presentation 2
Ana: Studies reveal that early humans drew
about their lives on the walls of caves. They
used their hands to paint hunting and typical
daily scenes. Some scientists believe that only
women made these paintings, while others
think that teenagers were the ones who
painted.
Narrator: Presentation 3
Ana: Prehistoric humans ate fruit, vegetables,
and small animals. When in groups, they
hunted larger creatures. They used to make
their own tools to survive.
Unit 2: Thirst for Adventure
Page 28, exercise 1
Narrator: What Do You Know about South
Africa?
Woman: a. The hippopotamus is the most
dangerous animal in South Africa.
Man: True. More people are killed by hippos
than by lions, leopards, elephants, and rhinos
combined.
Woman: b. South Africa has six official
languages.
Man: False. The South African Constitution
recognizes 11 official languages: Afrikaans,
English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga,
Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulu.
Woman: c. South Africa has two capital cities.
Man: False. It has three capital cities: Pretoria,
the executive capital; Bloemfontein, the judicial
capital; and Cape Town, the legislative capital.
Woman: d. More than 80% of the world’s
platinum comes from South Africa.
Man: True. South Africa is also the sixth-largest
gold-producing country in the world. About
one-tenth of global gold reserves are located
in the country.
Woman: e. The population of South Africa is
145 million people.
Man: False. The population of South Africa is
around 70 million people.
Man: f. The first heart transplant was
performed in South Africa in 1967.
Woman: True. Surgeon Christiaan Barnard
transplanted the heart of a 25-year-old woman
into Lewis Washkansky, a 53-year-old South
African man dying from chronic heart disease.
Man: g. South Africa is home to a penguin
species.
Woman: True. South Africa is home to the
African penguin, also known as the Cape
penguin or South African penguin.
Man: h. Baseball is the most popular sport.
Woman: False. The most popular sports in the
country are soccer, rugby, and cricket.
Man: i. Cape Town has the largest population
in South Africa.
Woman: False. Johannesburg has the largest
population in South Africa, with around 4.5
million people.
Man: j. The South African rand is the currency
of South Africa.
Woman: True. Rand is the Afrikaans word for
ridge. Johannesburg is built on Witwatersrand,
a ridge where most of South Africa’s gold is
found.
Page 28, exercise 2
Jess: Hi, Lara. Good to see you.
Lara: You, too, Jess. How was your trip to
Canada?
Jess: Fantastic. Toronto is a great city, although
it’s too cold in winter. It was minus ten degrees
when I was there!
Lara: Oh, that is cold! And how was the photo
competition?
Jess: Well, I won the prize for best portrait, so it
was totally awesome!
Lara: Well done. And did you have time to see
the city?
Jess: Not much, because I was always at
events with the other winners.
Lara: But you had some free time, right?
Jess: Yes. We went up the CN Tower, which
is 553 meters high. That was awesome. And
I visited a really cool market called, um,
Kensington Market.
Lara: And you got me a present, of course!
Jess: Present? Um… Just kidding! Yes, I did. I
got you this really neat scarf and this hat.
Lara: Wow. Thank you so much. They’re
perfect… if you live at the North Pole!
Jess: Hey! And I bought this blouse for me, but
I’m not sure about the color.
Lara: Yes, that orange is very, um, bright.
Jess: Oh well. Hey, did I tell you? I’m having
an exhibition of my photos next week in the
University Cultural Center. Can you come?
Lara: When is it?
Jess: Thursday at seven-thirty.
Lara: Of course. Can I help?
Jess: Maybe. You could make some invitations
or help me hang the photos.
Lara: Great!
Jess: Do you want to check out the photos
now?
Lara: Sure! Let’s go.
Page 29, exercise 6
1. Ticket seller: Yes, sir, how can I help you?
Customer: I’d like two tickets to New York,
please.
2. Vendor: Are you ready to order?
Customer: Yes, I’ll have a cheeseburger and
fries, and a vanilla milkshake.
3. Vendor: What would you like?
Customer: Give me a medium soda and a
large box of popcorn, please.
4. Mom: Do you want the sports game or the
fighting game?
Son: I think I’d prefer the fighting game.
I don’t like sports games much.
5. Girl 1: Let’s go and see the monkeys.
Girl 2: I’d rather see the lions.
Page 31, exercise 6
Pilot: Ladies and gentlemen. We are
experiencing some turbulence, so please
remain seated and fasten your seatbelts.
Jeff: Whooaah! I hate this.
Sonia: Don’t worry. I’ve traveled by plane a lot.
It won’t last long. Have you flown before?
Jeff: Yes, I have. But I don’t like it.
Sonia: There. It’s finished. I love traveling.
I’ve been to ten countries and three different
continents.
Jeff: Wow. You’re lucky.
Sonia: Yes, I am. Have you been to India?
Jeff: Um, no, I haven’t, but…
Sonia: Oh, it’s a wonderful country. I’ve been
there twice. Have you tried Indian food?
Jeff: Yes, I have. I really love curry, especially…
Sonia: It’s great, isn’t it? And I’ve been to lots
of concerts.
Jeff: Really? How interesting!
Sonia: Yes. Next week, I’m going to see a
concert in London. The Certs are playing.
Jeff: Oh really? In fact…
Sonia: They’re so cool. Have you been to many
concerts?
Jeff: Yes, I have. Actually, I…
Sonia: But I’ve never met a rock star. One
time…
Jeff: Hey, slow down! I’m Jeff Arnold, and I play
guitar for the Certs!
Sonia: You’re kidding. Jeff Arnold? I’m your
biggest fan!
Jeff: But you didn’t even recognize me!
Sonia: You look so different in person. Can I
ask you some questions?
Jeff: Well. Um. I guess so.
Sonia: OK. So Jeff. Um, can I call you Jeff? Have
you had many girlfriends?
Page 34, exercise 2
Bryan: Hi, today I’m talking to a bodyguard,
Nadia Mikhailova. Welcome to the program,
Nadia!
Nadia: Thank you. It’s a pleasure to be here.
Bryan: Tell us about yourself.
Nadia: Well, I’m twenty-eight years old. I’m
Russian, and I’m from Moscow—but I live in
Monte Carlo now—and I work as a bodyguard.
Bryan: How long have you been a bodyguard?
Nadia: For about six years.
Bryan: And how long have you lived in Monte
Carlo?
Nadia: For three years now. There are lots of
clients there, you see.
Bryan: Ah… and are female bodyguards
common?
Nadia: Not really. There are more women
in business now than there used to be, but
most bodyguards are still men. Some people
prefer women because male bodyguards are
sometimes too aggressive.
Bryan: What qualities do you need to be a
bodyguard?
Nadia: You have to be in good shape, and you
have to know how to protect your clients. I
have a black belt in judo, for example.
Bryan: Really? How long have you practiced
judo?
Nadia: Since I was eighteen. I still go to classes
five times a week.
Bryan: That’s a lot. And have you had any
dangerous experiences?
Nadia: No, I haven’t, and fortunately, I’ve never
lost a client.
Bryan: That’s good to hear! Is it an interesting
job?
Nadia: Well, I’ve never had a boring client,
but you have to wait around a lot. You can get
pretty fed up.
Bryan: Thanks for coming in today, Nadia.
Nadia: No problem.
Page 35, exercise 5
Weak forms are syllable sounds that become
unstressed in connected speech. Let’s listen to
some examples:
a. How long have you been a student?
b. Have you lived here long?
c. She’s played the piano for nine years.
d. How long has he been at this school?
Page 40, exercise 2
Sihle: Sawubona! That’s hello in Zulu. My
name is Sihle. I’m fourteen years old, and I’ve
lived in Ulundi in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa,
all my life. I speak Zulu and English, and I live
in a house with my mother and father and
my sister. I go to secondary school, and I’m in
eighth grade. I’ve been at this school for two
years now. I start school at eight o’clock in
the morning and finish at three thirty in the
afternoon. It’s a very busy day, and I have to
do homework, too. I walk thirty minutes to
T65
 and from school every day. On weekends, we
watch soccer, or we go to my grandmother’s
house. Grandmothers are very respected in
Zulu culture. She always cooks traditional
food: beef stew, maize porridge, and amasi,
which is like yogurt. I haven’t been to any other
countries, but I would like to visit Scotland
one day.
Unit 3: Rising to Challenges
Page 44, exercise 1
Blake: Hi, Jin!
Jin: Hi, Blake!
Blake: How’s everything?
Jin: Great! I miss Canada and all of you guys,
but I love everything in China, too.
Blake: Yeah? Even school?
Jin: Yes, even school!
Blake: Wow! So, what’s your school like?
Jin: It isn’t that different from schools in North
America really. Except for Chinese, I imagine
the subjects are pretty similar.
Blake: Yeah?
Jin: I think so. We study history, math,
geography, English—all the usual stuff.
Blake: Yes, that sounds the same.
Jin: But I think we probably start school earlier.
Blake: Do you think so? We start at seven
thirty.
Jin: Ah, the same as us.
Blake: What about food—do you eat at
school?
Jin: No, I always go home for lunch. I believe in
Canada you stay at school for lunch.
Blake: Yes, that’s right. There’s a school
cafeteria, or we can bring our own lunch.
Jin: Well, we get two hours off for lunch. Then,
we study from two till five. We get two more
hours off for dinner, and then we go back to
school until around nine or ten o’clock.
Blake: What? That sounds crazy! I bet you get
pretty bored.
Jin: Not really. We have lots of homework to
do. And we can play sports or just hang out if
we want.
Blake: That’s OK, I guess. But I like having more
free time.
Jin: Yes, but I suppose you have to do your
homework in your free time. Our free time
really is free time. We can do what we want!
Blake: I see what you mean. That’s pretty cool.
In fact, I should be doing my homework right
now!
Jin: OK, Blake. Talk to you again soon.
Blake: See you!
Page 44, exercise 4
Host: How much do you know about China?
Today, we’re going to talk about the most
populated country in the world. First, here
are a few facts. The capital city is Beijing, and
twenty percent of the world’s population is
Chinese—that’s more than one billion people.
Now, everyone knows that the giant panda
comes from China, but did you know that it
is also home to another rare and beautiful
animal, the snow leopard? Next, some Chinese
T66
history: Confucius was a famous philosopher
who lived 500 years before Christ. Around
the same time, 2,500 years ago, the Great
Wall of China was started, and it is the only
construction that can be seen from space. The
Chinese also have a long history of inventing
common objects, such as paper, fireworks,
silk, and the compass. Until 1912, China was
ruled by emperors, and in 1949, it became the
People’s Republic of China. The emperors used
to live in the Forbidden City in Beijing, which
has almost 1,000 buildings. Want to learn
more? Then, stay and listen to the show!
Page 48, exercise 1
Host: Recently, we asked four immigrants to
Vancouver if they have had any problems in
Canada. Let’s hear what they said!
Maya: My name’s Maya, I’m fifteen, and I’m
from Brazil. I’ve been in Vancouver for six
months now. Everyone is so nice, and I haven’t
had any big problems. The only thing I don’t
like is the weather. It’s so cold here!
Oba: My name’s Oba. I’m forty, and I’m from
Nigeria originally. I was a college professor
back in Nigeria, but I couldn’t find a job here at
first. I didn’t have much money and my life was
hard. But then I found work as a taxi driver, and
recently, I’ve started a part-time job teaching in
a small community college. Things are getting
better.
Joe: My name’s Joe, I’m sixteen, and I’m from
England. I had a lot of friends in London, but I
don’t have much in common with people here.
I’ve been here for two years now, but I haven’t
made any real friends yet, and I don’t like
school here. I really miss London.
Jet: Hi! My name’s Jet, I’m thirty, and I’m from
Japan. I’ve lived in Vancouver for almost three
years now. I didn’t speak any English when
I came, and I’ve found the language very
difficult. I’ve had a private English tutor for two
years now, but I can’t speak English fluently yet.
Page 49, exercise 9
a. Jess, I have a question.
b. Yes, I have a question.
c. There is some jam in the pudding.
d. There is some yam in the pudding.
e. It was yellow.
f. It was jello.
g. Did he go to Yale?
h. Did he go to jail?
Page 50, exercise 2
Joanne: Hello, again! Our sports expert is here
to talk about one very inspirational swimmer.
James: That’s right. Today, I’m going to tell you
about Martin Strel.
Joanne: Martin who?
James: Good question. Martin Strel! He’s a
marathon swimmer, and he’s also called the
“Fish Man”!
Joanne: Really? Cool! What’s a marathon
swimmer?
James: It’s someone who specializes in
swimming really long distances, like across
oceans and down rivers.
Joanne: Wow! And what else can you tell us
about the “Fish Man”?
James: He’s from Slovenia. He swam the
Danube River in 2000, the Mississippi River in
2001, and the Yangtze River in 2004.
Joanne: Wow! That’s amazing and very
unusual.
James: Right, but a lot of people have never
heard of Martin.
Joanne: Me included!
James: And his latest swim was the most
amazing yet.
Joanne: What was that?
James: He completed a marathon swim down
the Amazon River. He swam 5,268 kilometers
in just sixty-six days.
Joanne: 5,268 kilometers in sixty-six days!
That’s around… um… eighty kilometers every
day!
James: That’s right! He started his swim in
Atalaya, Peru, on February 1, 2007, and finished
in Belem, Brazil, on April 7, 2007.
Joanne: But wasn’t this pretty dangerous?
James: Oh, yes. The Amazon has piranhas,
anacondas, and even sharks, not to mention
the bandits!
Joanne: And what river is he going to swim
next? The Nile?
James: He isn’t sure. He says the Nile is long
but not very difficult.
Joanne: Not for him maybe!
Page 51, exercise 5
Student: Hi, coach. I’ve been following
Linda Caicedo’s career for a while. She’s this
wonderful professional soccer player from
Colombia.
Coach: Really? That sounds very interesting.
When was she born?
Student: In 2005. Linda has played soccer
since she was 5 years old. At first, she played
on a field near her house where she only
played with boys her age and older. And her
parents have supported her throughout her
career since that time.
Coach: How did she like playing with boys?
Student: Well, she says that she was only
focused on playing and having fun. Later,
she became the first woman to join the only
soccer academy in her hometown, where she
also played with boys. Thankfully, she said
she wasn’t discriminated against for being a
woman. They gave her a chance to train and
be recognized and supported her.
Coach: What has she done professionally?
Student: She has played for different
professional soccer teams. She made her
professional debut at age 14 with América de
Cali, and she won the Colombian tournament
in 2021 when playing for another Colombian
team, the Deportivo Cali. She also played for
the Colombian national women's under-17,
under-20, and senior soccer teams. She was in
the FIFA under-17 Women's World Cup 2022,
where she was the team’s captain. She was
also nominated for Best Women's Player of
the Year that same year. She did something
unbelievable back then… She scored 18 goals
in 46 matches. So far, she has accomplished
one of her biggest goals, too, when she
participated in the FIFA Women's World Cup
2023. She’s amazing! She has become a role
model for me and for a lot of other girls who
want to become professional soccer players.
Coach: She sounds great! Has she ever played
for a European soccer team?
Student: Yes, she has. Linda Caicedo was hired
in 2023 by Real Madrid when she turned 18
years old. And I also admire her personality.
Her teammates say she has always been a
responsible and punctual person. Despite
her talent, she knows it’s important to be
disciplined and to train a lot. For example, she
has studied English for a while so that she
can play for a soccer team from anywhere in
the world. She’s never played in an English-
speaking country… yet.
Page 52, exercise 2
Part 1
Journalist: On today’s episode, we’re going
to talk about “resilience.” I bet you’ve heard this
word before, but do you really know what it
means? Listen to this: My friend Susan doesn’t
let problems worry her. When she has too
much work to do, she decides to improve her
time-management skills. When she lost her
job, she kept studying to look for a better one.
She’s a resilient person because every time
she feels stressed or disappointed, she decides
to deal with those situations in an optimistic
way; it means she has the ability to recover
quickly after something difficult or bad has
happened. You need some important skills
to be resilient. Listen to this! Optimism helps
you face problems in a positive way, thinking
everything will have a good outcome. If you
have the ability to solve problems, you don’t
just focus on the problem alone but on the
possible solutions. Social support is another
factor you need to be resilient, which is the
way people around you help you or show their
interest in what happens to you. Adaptability
is the skill to adapt yourself to any unexpected
and challenging situation you face. Self-control
means that you can control your emotions
and what you do on your own. And self-
esteem is important too because if you value
and perceive yourself in a positive manner, if
you have confidence in yourself, you’ll know
you’re strong enough to face anything. In this
podcast, we’re all your friends and want to
support you, so tell us your stories. Hello, Paula.
How are you? What’s your story?
Paula: I’ve been really worried the last few
days because I failed some mid-term exams. I
studied a lot, but I forgot everything while
I was taking them. I’m done.
Journalist: Paula, don’t give up. You just have
to study harder for the finals. You still have a
chance.
Paula: I don’t think I can study more or pass
the exams. I’m not even going to try. It’s a
waste of time. But thanks for your kind words.
Bye.
Journalist: Bye, and thanks for calling. I still
think you should at least give it one more try,
Paula! Just think about it. Well… Hi, Navi.
Navi: Hi, everyone. Well, my girlfriend broke up
with me a couple of years ago, and that broke
my confidence.
Journalist: You have to forget about her and
move on. Get back on the horse. I know there
are a lot of people out there who will like you
for who you are.
Navi: Thanks. It’s hard, but I know that’s the
right thing to do.
Journalist: Please, Navi, let us know how
things work out. Bye. And here’s Romina.
Romina: I’ve been having problems with my
boss for months. I’ve had enough, so I went to
an interview last week. But I think I’m going to
quit today. I can’t stand this anymore.
Journalist: Well, that’s an option… or you
can hang in there… Maybe until you get
another job. Just wait a little bit. How was the
interview?
Romina: I think it went great. They said they
would call me next week. Maybe you’re right.
I’ll be patient, and meanwhile, I’ll talk to my
boss here or human resources to make things
a bit easier.
Journalist: That’s it, Romina! What do you
have to lose if you talk to him? Nothing.
Part 2
Journalist: So, guys, to sum up, we all have
what it takes to overcome anything in life. As
I told our callers, please, don’t give up. You
always should get back on the horse. I know
things can seem impossible sometimes, but
you just need to move on and look forward to
the future. Remember to hang in there, and
everything will be OK someday. This too shall
pass. Ok, everyone, thanks for listening. See
you next week. Bye.
Page 56, exercise 1
Today, we’re going to tell the story of the
Butterfly Lovers, a famous Chinese legend that
dates from the fourth century. In those days,
girls couldn’t go to school. But one young girl,
Yingtai, really wanted to study, so she dressed
as a boy and went to school in a city near her
home. While she was traveling to the city, she
met a boy named Shanbo. Shanbo was also
going to the same school. The two became
very good friends, but Shanbo didn’t know
his friend was a girl. Three years later, Yingtai
received a letter from her father. Yingtai’s father
wanted her to return home immediately.
After she left, Shanbo discovered her secret:
Yingtai was really a girl. Shanbo immediately
went to look for her. Shanbo found Yingtai in
her village, and they declared their love for
each other. But Yingtai’s parents wanted her
to marry someone else. Shanbo became sick
and died of a broken heart. He was buried in
a tomb near Yingtai’s home. Yingtai’s wedding
day was not a happy day. As the wedding
procession was passing Shanbo’s tomb, there
was a loud noise. Lightning opened the tomb.
Yingtai immediately jumped into Shanbo’s
tomb and died. Then, there was another flash
of lightning, and the tomb closed forever. Soon
after, two butterflies appeared among the
flowers near the tomb. Yingtai and Shanbo did
not marry as humans, but they lived happily
together as a pair of butterflies.
Unit 4: Think About This!
Page 61, exercise 6
Narrator: Conversation A
Liam: Hi, Olivia. I need your help. I don’t know
where to go with Carly.
Olivia: Why don't you both go to the new
movie theater?
Liam: That sounds good. Which movie shall
we see?
Olivia: I’m thinking out loud, but you could
see "Kiss Under the Tree." It’s romantic.
Liam: I’d prefer not to. I don't like those films.
Have you heard about "Mad Doctor Brown?"
They say it's quite funny.
Olivia: Make sure Carly likes those kinds of
movies first.
Liam: You’re right. Anything else?
Olivia: Are you short of money? If not, I
recommend you take her to this Italian
restaurant. The food there is out of this world.
I’m sure she’ll love it.
Liam: Noted.
Olivia: If I were in your place, I’d buy a
bouquet of flowers, leave them in the car, and
give them to her when you both say goodbye.
Don’t forget to give her a kiss on her cheek.
Liam: Wow, you have great ideas.
Olivia: Well, that’s the date I dream of having
one day.
Narrator: Conversation B
Isabella: My son doesn’t want to talk to me.
He’s just noticed I lied about his father.
Lucas: I think you need to be very patient with
him. Give him space to think.
Isabella: I’m afraid he’ll go and live with his
father now he knows he’s alive and is wealthy.
Lucas: Noah isn’t that kind of son; he loves
you more than any other person in the world.
I suggest you find a way to tell him the whole
truth, he’ll understand everything.
Isabella: Maybe you’re right. I need to control
myself and stay calm. You should study
psychology; you’re really good at helping
people calm down.
Lucas: Ha ha, thanks.
Isabella: Oh, no! It’s Noah’s father. I’m not
ready to talk to him yet.
Lucas: Yes, you are!
Isabella: No, I’m not.
Lucas: Well, if you want my opinion, he also
needs to know the truth. Come on! I’ll be here
for you.
Isabella: Thanks, Lucas.
Page 63, exercise 6
Martha: Hi! Today I’m interviewing Doctor
Elaine Martins, a specialist on sleep disorders.
Hello, Doctor!
Elaine: Hello!
Martha: So, Doctor, I have a lot of trouble
sleeping, especially if I do a lot of homework
right before going to bed. How can I get more
sleep?
Elaine: First, you should go to bed at the same
time every night.
Martha: Really? Why?
T67
 Elaine: If you go to bed at the same time, your
body knows it’s time to sleep.
Martha: Ah, OK.
Elaine: Is that coffee you’re drinking?
Martha: Yes, sorry, would you like one?
Elaine: No! Coffee and soda contain caffeine.
If you drink caffeine at night, it’s much more
difficult to sleep.
Martha: OK, sorry, last sip, last sip, ah!
Anything else?
Elaine: Yes, you should avoid watching exciting
TV shows late at night.
Martha: Like The Simpsons?
Elaine: No, like Heroes or an action movie.
When you watch shows like that, your mind
gets excited. It’s hard to calm down after.
Martha: I see. Sometimes I fall asleep with the
TV on. Is that OK?
Elaine: No, not at all. The television is very
bright, and it gives out a lot of heat, too. When
your bedroom is dark and cool, you sleep
much better.
Martha: OK, well, thanks very much for the
advice, Doctor. That’s very helpful.
Elaine: Not at all. Sweet dreams!
Page 64, exercise 3
Salim: Mom, the neighbor has left litter all
over the sidewalk again.
Mom: Who, Mr. Ahmed?
Salim: Yes. He’s always dropping litter when
he takes the trash out. And he never sorts his
trash.
Mom: I know. He isn’t very considerate.
Salim: Well, if I see him do it again, I’ll tell him
to pick it up.
Mom: I don’t know, Salim. You might make
things worse if you do that.
Salim: I don’t care! Who does he think he is?
Silly old man.
Mom: Salim! He’s an old man and you should
respect him. But I know it isn’t easy to live next
to him.
Salim: Isn’t easy? He watches television at full
volume late at night, he leaves all his lights on
when he goes out… Who does he think he is?
I’m going to talk to him right now.
Mom: No, Salim! He might get angry if you talk
to him. He can be very aggressive.
Salim: Then what can we do?
Mom: I’ll talk to him if you like. Perhaps your
father can help, too.
Salim: Pah! Dad is his friend! Nothing will
change if he talks to him. I tell you, if he keeps
acting like this, I’ll report him to the authorities.
Mom: Just calm down. Let’s speak to your
father and the other neighbors first. We’ll see
what we can do together.
Salim: OK, I guess you’re right.
Mom: Now, come and eat your dinner.
Page 68, exercise 1
Annie: My biggest regret is that I’m shy. I’m a
good singer, and one time I was asked to sing
in front of the whole school. I refused to do it
because I was afraid that people would laugh.
Nobody has asked me again, and now I only
T68
sing at home in the shower. I regret saying no.
Well, I can’t cry over spilled milk.
Christopher: My biggest regret is that I
didn’t work hard when I was in eighth grade.
Instead, I started hanging out with some guys
who played computer games all the time.
My parents told me not to spend so much
time with them, but I didn’t listen. I failed that
year and I had to change schools. I regret not
listening to my parents.
Bianca: My biggest regret is that I was rude to
a friend. She got some new shoes that were a
little weird. When she wore them to school, a
few kids laughed at her. I laughed too, and my
friend was really hurt, and she won’t talk to me
anymore. I really regret laughing at her and not
supporting her.
Page 72, exercise 2
Narrator: What will each person in Sally’s
family do to help take care of the oceans?
Richard: What will you do to help take care of
our oceans, Sally?
Sally: Well, I decided that I will turn off the
lights when I am not in my room.
Richard: Energy saving, great idea! What
about your family?
Sally: My dad thinks he will take care of the
oceans if he only eats sustainable seafood,
and my mom thinks that if she reuses plastic
bottles to make plant pots, she will prevent
dangerous plastic from reaching the oceans.
Richard: I guess your brother is helping, too.
Am I correct?
Sally: Yep! He told me that he will start right
after he reads some books on the topic.
Richard: That's clever! We should always
educate ourselves.
Sally: But the best thing of all is that my
grandparents are going to help, too! My
grandmother thinks that if she collects trash at
the beach, she will save marine animals, and
my grandfather thinks that if he takes short
showers, he will save much more water.
Richard: Plus, he will save a lot of money! Your
family is really doing a lot to help take care of
our oceans.
Sally: I know. I love them!
Unit 5: What Do You Feel like
Doing?
Page 76, exercise 1
1. Alex: Wanna play?I have all of mine right here.
Emma: Yes! But wait right here while I go
home to pick mine.
2. Alex: You’ll never catch me!
Emma: Gotcha! You’re it now.
Alex: Wait, wait… I need a break.
3. Emma: OK. Here I go! Watch me. One, two,
three… four… five… six… seven!
Sandra: Well done, Emma!
4. Emma: Nice move! You get to stack another
piece on top.
Jack: Thanks! Your turn.
5. Alex: One… two… three…
Emma: Quick, find a spot guys. I’ll go to the
tree house.
6. Alex: My queen takes your pawn, and it’s
check!
Fred: Gotta get my king out of check! I’ll
move here.
Page 76, exercise 4
Paul: What do you think he wants?
Mary: I have no idea, Paul. I think we’ve
bought him too many games already.
Paul: Aw, come on. Give him a break! He works
hard at school, and he has other hobbies, too.
Mary: I guess so. OK. Let’s see what we have
here…
a. Paul: What about this one here?
Mary: I don’t know. It looks pretty childish.
What if it’s too easy? Besides, he doesn't like
that movie.
b. Paul: What about this one? It’s on sale for
only thirty bucks. What do you think?
Mary: I don’t know. It looks violent. He was
playing a violent game when I got home
yesterday.
Paul: So?
Mary: So, he doesn’t need another one! What
if he becomes aggressive?
Paul: I don’t think so, Mary. He’s a pretty calm
guy. A video game isn’t going to change him.
Mary: Maybe not. But we should buy
something more positive.
Paul: OK. So, what do you suggest?
c. Mary: Umm… Look at this one. Read this,
“It combines fitness with fun.” Doesn’t that
sound great?
Paul: I guess. But he’s doing a lot of exercise
right now. He goes diving every weekend.
Mary: That’s true.
Paul: Let’s see the box. Wow! A hundred
dollars. The others are a lot cheaper.
Mary: He only has a birthday once a year, Paul.
d. Paul: Here. This may be it.
Mary: I don’t know. It says here that the game
asks kids to create their own island to solve
daily problems. He definitely likes games with
more action.
Paul: You’re right.
e. Paul: Um, here’s another one, then.
Mary: Science fiction? No… And…no way!
You have to be over seventeen. He’s too young.
f. Paul: I guess not then. Oh, look. What do you
think? He loves the books.
Mary: Definitely, he loves that type of fantasy!
How much is it?
Paul: Fifty bucks.
Mary: OK. I’m going to buy it. I hope he likes it.
Page 79, exercise 2
Don: Good afternoon! Today, I’m talking to
Doctor Lacey Roberts.
Lacey: Hello!
Don: Doctor Lacey is going to be answering
your emails about today’s topic, the human
body. Are you ready, Lacey?
Lacey: Of course!
Don: OK, let’s begin. Rosa in Sydney writes,
“Which is the largest organ in the human
body?”
Lacey: The skin is by far the largest organ. It
covers around 2 square meters and weighs
around 5 kilograms.
Don: Wow! OK, Rosa also asks, “Which is
heavier, the liver or the brain?”
Lacey: The liver. It weighs around one and a
half kilograms. The brain weighs only slightly
less, about 1.3 kilograms.
Don: OK, next question, this one comes from
Clive in Melbourne. Which nail grows the
fastest?
Lacey: Good question! In fact, the fastest-
growing nail is on your middle finger.
Fingernails also grow much faster than
toenails, around four times faster.
Don: Oh, I didn’t know that! Now, Pat from
Perth asks, “Where are insect bites the most
common?”
Lacey: On the hand. And the arm, too, if it is
exposed.
Don: OK. Tara from Queenstown asks, “How
many liters of blood are there in a human
body?”
Lacey: Well, it depends how big you are, but
generally around 5 liters.
Don: Next question, from Larissa in Darwin,
“Which is the least useful part of the body?”
Lacey: In fact, Larissa, there are a few body
parts that aren’t essential, such as the tonsils
and the gallbladder. But I guess the least useful
part would be the appendix. The appendix has
no function at all.
Don: And the last one for today, Melanie from
Canberra asks if it’s true that the brain is more
active at night.
Lacey: Yes, it is. Research has shown that the
brain stores more information in the evening.
Don: OK, thanks, Lacey! We’ll be back after
some messages from our sponsors. Don’t go
away!
Page 80, exercise 2
Liz: Hey, wanna play Never Have I Ever?
Jane: Sure! That sounds like fun. You start!
Liz: Okay, never have I ever eaten anything
strange.
Jane: I have never. But, my brother, Tim, ate
haggis once.
Liz: Haggis? What’s that?
Jane: It’s a traditional dish in Scotland. It’s a
pudding made of the liver, heart, and lungs of
a sheep.
Liz: The liver, heart, and lungs? I could never
eat that!
Jane: Me neither! But that’s not the most
unusual thing he’s eaten. Let me tell you about
the time he ate…
Liz: No. Thank you. I don’t wanna know… OK.
Your turn!
Jane: Um…Never have I ever seen a
handsome guy.
Liz: Of course I have! Cole Sprouse is the most
handsome person I’ve ever seen!
Jane: Oh, yeah. You told me once. I forgot…
Well… Never have I ever been at a boring
party.
Liz: Of course, I have! I guess it was Jim’s
birthday party when I argued with Susie. It was
awful. I felt so bad, and we both cried.
Jane: Hmm… That sounds bad… And I
remember I left early. That was an awful party.
Never have I ever pulled an all-nighter.
Liz: I have. Just last night was the latest. I had
to stay up for the physics test. But, hold on, is it
because I’m tired? You’ve asked me three times
already!
Jane: Ha ha. Yes, I have! I thought you’d never
notice!
Page 82, exercise 1
Grandpa: Are you playing on that space
station again, Dave?
Dave: It’s a PlayStation, Grandpa, not a space
station. And yes, I’m playing, but I’ve already
finished my homework and taken the dog out.
Grandpa: Why don’t you read a book? It's all
video games these days.
Dave: I know, but they’re so cool, and reading’s
so boring! Anyway, what did you use to do
when you were a kid?
Grandpa: Well, now. When I was very young,
we didn’t have a TV, so we used to listen to the
radio all the time.
Dave: Really? No TV? That’s crazy! There’s never
anything cool on the radio.
Grandpa: Well, there was plenty on in those
days: kids’ programs, stories, songs, the news. It
was wonderful!
Dave: So, you never watched TV at all?
Grandpa: Oh, yes. My parents got a black and
white TV when I was twelve, but there were
only two channels, and they only ran shows in
the evening.
Dave: Black and white TV! Wow! And what else
did you do to have fun?
Grandpa: Oh, I used to play marbles and cards
a lot with my friends. And I was really great at
checkers, I can tell you.
Dave: Yes, I remember you beat me at
checkers one time, but I’m sure you cheated!
Grandpa: Don’t be a sore loser, Dave! Oh, and
we used to listen to music, too, but we had
records. And we played a lot outside.
Dave: So, Grandpa, it sounds like you didn’t
use to read very much either!
Grandpa: Um… well. No, but… er…
Dave: Let me teach you to play a video game.
Here, take the control.
Grandpa: Oh, I don’t think I can do this, Dave.
Mm. What’s this button for? I bet I can beat you
at this, too!
Dave: Yeah, right! Only if you cheat again!
Page 84, exercise 1
Dave: Hey Sandra, have you taken this
magazine quiz yet?
Sandra: No, what’s it about?
Dave: It’s called, “How healthy are you?”
Sandra: Oh, that’s easy, I’m very healthy.
Dave: Oh yeah? Why don’t you take it and see?
Sandra: Sure.
Dave: OK, first question: In the past week, how
many times did you exercise for at least twenty
minutes?
Sandra: Um… Three times.
Dave: OK, so that’s three points. Number two:
How do you usually get to school?
Sandra: I always walk. It’s only fifteen minutes
away.
Dave: So, you get two points for that. Number
three: On average, how many hours do you
spend in front of a TV or computer screen?
That’s not including schoolwork.
Sandra: I don’t play video games, but I watch
around four hours of TV every day.
Dave: Oops! No points! Number four: How
active are you at school?
Sandra: Not very, but I usually go out to the
store during lunch break.
Dave: OK, so you get one point for that.
Number five: What did you eat yesterday?
Sandra: I had fruit and yogurt for breakfast, a
hamburger and fries for lunch, and a chicken
salad in the evening. Oh, and I had some chips
at school.
Dave: That’s a mix of healthy and fast food.
I guess you get one point, then. Number
six: How often do you do physical chores in
your house, like cleaning your room, making
your bed, helping in the yard, or washing the
dishes?
Sandra: Um… never, I’m afraid. What do I get
for that?
Dave: You get no points, too bad. Number
seven: What exercise do you do on the
weekend?
Sandra: I go to the beach most weekends.
Dave: And what do you do there?
Sandra: Hang out and stuff. I usually go
swimming or play volleyball, too.
Dave: OK, so I’ll give you two points there.
Right, last one: How often do you eat fast food
and candy?
Sandra: Honestly? I suppose I have something
every day.
Dave: No points again!
Sandra: Oh no! So, what’s my total?
Dave: Let’s see… Three, four… Nine!
Sandra: And what does it say?
Dave: 6–10 points: Your fitness level is about
average, but you could exercise more and eat
healthier foods. Bad luck, Sandra, you have to
work on your fitness level.
Sandra: There are some things I could
improve, I guess. Anyway, what did you get?
Dave: Um… Fifteen.
Sandra: No way! I don’t believe that! Let’s see
your answers!
Page 88, exercise 1
Peter : Hi. This time, I’m asking teenagers
about fitness and health. Excuse me! May I ask
you some questions?
Anna: Sure! Go ahead!
Peter: How important do you think exercise is?
Anna: Very. Physical activity makes us stronger
and more flexible, and it’s a great way to take a
break from homework, assignments, tests, etc.
I also love sports. They’re good fun and all, and
they keep us active.
Peter: I agree. What sports do you practice?
T69
 Anna: I play basketball at a sports club three
times a week.
Peter: That’s fantastic! I bet your diet is pretty
strict, then.
Anna: Not at all. I can eat all types of food as
long as I don’t overdo it. I mean, fast food isn’t
the healthiest option, but eating it once in a
while isn’t bad.
Peter: Agreed, moderation is key. But what
you say is quite interesting. I’ve heard older
people saying all the time that teenagers today
are not active at all. What do you think about
that?
Anna: I’ve heard those comments, too. Older
people tend to say those things. But, well,
I mean, we do spend a lot of time on our
phones, but it's not like we don't do anything
else.
Peter: Absolutely. Sometimes, it feels like we
don’t have any time to do sports because of all
the assignments we get.
Anna: Ugh, tell me about it. Perhaps we
should have at least two hours of P.E. a week
at school. That would help us find a balance
between schoolwork, staying active, and
having fun!
Unit 6: Jump in Feet First
Page 93, exercise 5
Intira: Hi, Gabriela!
Gabriela: Intira! What’s up?
Intira: Could I ask you a favor?
Gabriela: Of course!
Intira: Can you send me information about
the photo competition in New York?
Gabriela: Sure, no problem.
Intira: And could you email me the photo that
you took in Tlaquepaque?
Gabriela: Which one?
Intira: The church.
Gabriela: Sure. I can do that.
Intira: Thanks, Gabriela. Do you think you
could tell me a little more about the photo?
Gabriela: Um… OK, I guess. Why do you want
to know?
Intira: Well, I want to enter the competition,
but I don’t have any good photos. Do you
mind if I use your photo in the competition?
Gabriela: I don’t know, Intira. That’s my work.
You’ve never even been to Mexico.
Intira: I guess not, but may I use it anyway?
Gabriela: I’m sorry, Intira, but you really can’t
do that. It wouldn’t be fair.
Intira: I suppose you’re right.
Gabriela: And anyway, you take some great
photos. What about the one of the Thai
dancers?
Intira: Do you think it’s OK?
Gabriela: OK? It’s fantastic!
Intira: Oh! OK, then. I’ll send that one to the
competition.
Gabriela: Cool! I bet you’ll do really well!
Page 94, exercise 3
Ruben: Wow! Cool video game. How do you
play it?
T70
Gabriela: Well, first, you go across the river
and through the woods. There!
Ruben: OK.
Gabriela: Then, you jump over this huge rock
and walk onto the beach. Like that!
Ruben: Cool!
Gabriela: After that, you walk along the beach
and go up this hill.
Ruben: I see. That’s easy.
Gabriela: Yeah. Then, you climb down the
waterfall and go into the valley.
Ruben: OK, then what?
Gabriela: Here’s the hard part. You have to
climb up this tall tree. Next, you jump off the
tree and over the lake.
Ruben: Well done!
Gabriela: Then, you walk along this path,
under the bridge, and past the desert.
Ruben: Got it. And then?
Gabriela: Then, you climb up this steep cliff
and go into the cave. That’s where the
treasure is.
Ruben: In the cave?
Gabriela: Yeah. Got it!
Ruben: Nice! And what do you have to do
when you have the treasure?
Gabriela: You have to go back again, but it’s
much harder to go back! Ah! I died.
Ruben: Let me try!
Gabriela: In a minute! It’s still my turn!
Ruben: Aw, come on, Gaby!
Page 97, exercise 7
Gabriela: Hello?
Dave: Is this Gabriela?
Gabriela: Yes, who’s this?
Dave: Hi, it’s Dave, the Australian guy from the
Youth Photo Competition.
Gabriela: Ah, yes, Dave. Do you know what
time it is here in Mexico?
Dave: Yes, and I’m sorry for calling you so late,
but I wanted to talk to you about something.
Gabriela: OK…
Dave: I’m organizing a website to show
photos of all the winners.
Gabriela: That sounds great. How many
photos do you have so far?
Dave: Not many, a few underwater shots that I
took, and a black and white photo of a car that
Jin took.
Gabriela: Well, I’d be happy to send you some
photos. I’ve just taken some of folk dancers.
Does that sound OK?
Dave: Yeah, cool. Could you send them
tomorrow?
Gabriela: Of course, but why?
Dave: I’m thinking of going online next week.
Gabriela: That’s quick! Do you need any help?
Dave: Maybe. My parents are worried about
me getting behind on my studies.
Gabriela: Ah!
Dave: I’ve tried to explain that my studies
won’t be affected, but it isn’t easy to
communicate with them sometimes.
Gabriela: I have the same problem. Talking to
my parents is a waste of time. They never try to
see my point of view.
Dave: Communicating with anyone is hard, I
guess. And communicating with your parents
is especially hard.
Gabriela: You’re right. Anyway, I’d better hang
up. I need to get to bed.
Dave: Cool.
Gabriela: Why don’t you send me an email
about the website, and I’ll see how I can help?
Do you have my address?
Dave: Uh, yes, I do. I’ll be in touch soon then.
Nice talking to you.
Gabriela: Yeah, speak to you soon, Dave.
Page 98, exercise 1
Milena: Hey, Leo! How was ice hockey practice
today?
Leo: Oh, hi Milena! It was awesome! We had
some intense drills and practiced shooting
from various angles. Ice hockey is just so much
fun, you know?
Milena: I can see that! I'm glad you enjoy it so
much. Karate does the same for me!
Leo: You know who else feels such passion for
sports? Luca and David! Luca is so into chess,
and his brother David loves going sailing.
Milena: Well, I think they can't compare to
Aurora. She just breathes cycling. She goes
cycling every chance she has!
Leo: And how about Iris and Faith? Iris does
gymnastics twice a day because she dreams
of going to the Olympics someday. And
Faith is so excited about playing rugby as a
professional.
Milena: How cool! You know what? Micah
just got selected for the school's archery team.
From now on, he'll do archery every other day.
Leo: I'm so happy to hear that! By the way, my
cousin Isla started playing table tennis. Her
instructor told her she was a natural.
Milena: Really?
Leo: Yep! And Gianna started going riding. She
says it's tough but also really fun. Oh, look at
the time! I gotta get going! I promised Enzo I'd
do yoga with him.
Milena: I also have to go. I'm meeting Lorenzo
at the mall. He's going skiing next weekend
and needs some new skis. See ya!!!
Page 99, exercise 4
Rick: OK, listen up, everyone. We have a lot
to prepare for the fundraising party, and we
really need your help, so please pay attention.
Gabriela.
Gabriela: Thanks, Rick. Right, as you know,
we’re organizing the party in the school gym
on Saturday, June 26. We need two rock
groups, but we only have one so far. Any ideas?
Yes, Leo?
Leo: I’ll ask my cousin and his group to play.
They’re really good.
Gabriela: Great, thanks, Leo. Now, each group
is going to play for an hour, so we also need
a disc jockey for the rest of the night. Does
anyone know any DJs?
Leo: I’ll bring my karaoke machine if you like.
What do you think?
Rick: I don’t know, Leo. People don’t usually
pay to listen to karaoke. We really need a DJ.
Leo: OK. I’ll ask my cousin then. He knows lots
of people in the music business.
Rick: Fantastic. Next, refreshments. We aren’t
going to serve any food, but we need drinks.
Monica?
Monica: I’ll make some lemonade if you like.
Rick: That sounds great, Monica. Now, what
about publicity? Gabriela’s mom has already
said she’s going to make some posters. Any
other ideas? Yes, Leo?
Leo: I’ll put an ad on the school website.
Monica: And I’ll call the radio station and see if
they’ll give us a free ad.
Rick: Fantastic, both of you! Now, tickets. I’m
going to print the tickets at the computer lab.
I’ve already asked Mr. Morales for permission.
We’re going to charge six dollars.
Gabriela: Six dollars? Is that enough, Rick?
Rick: I think so, Gabriela. Remember that
we’re going to have a raffle at the concert, too.
A local store is going to donate clothes and
caps. Oh, so can you think of any other prizes?
Monica?
Monica: I’ll call the music store. I know the
manager. She might donate something.
Leo: And I’ll go to the sports store and see if
they can help out.
Rick: Great! I think that’s everything planned
then. Let’s meet on Thursday afternoon at four
thirty to check everything.
Page 100, exercise 1
Karolina: Guten Abend! I’m Karolina, with
a K, and I’m 15. I’m from Berlin, in Germany.
The Grand Canyon is my favorite place to visit
because it’s both beautiful and scary! I’ve been
there twice, once when I was ten and again
on a school trip last year. Last year, we climbed
down into the canyon and explored a fossil
bed. Then we walked along the Colorado River
and camped in a cave near some Anasazi ruins.
It was amazing!
Jenna: Hi there! I’m Jenna, 14, and I’m from
Toronto, Canada. My favorite place is Niagara
Falls. I go there with my parents every year.
We usually take a boat trip into the whirlpools
under the falls. It’s so exciting! We also go up
the Skylon Tower and look down at the falls. It’s
really high, and sometimes we can even see
Toronto!
Antonio: Hola! I’m Antonio, I’m 17, and I come
from Merida in Venezuela. I love Tulum on the
Caribbean coast in southern Mexico. I’ve been
there a few times now with my family. I love
walking along the beach and hiking through
the nearby forest to get to hidden cenotes—
they’re like natural swimming holes. My
brother and I dive into the cenotes and look for
artifacts. We also like climbing up old buildings
and constructions, like the ancient Mayan
ruins, and looking out onto the Caribbean Sea.
Page 105, exercise 5
Willow: Hey, Jonah. What are you up to?
Jonah: Oh, not a whole lot. What about you?
Willow: I’m checking the list of sports activities
for next semester.
Jonah: Cool! What are you going to sign up
for?
Willow: I’m not sure. Perhaps I’ll play ice
hockey or sign up for the archery team.
Jonah: Well, I already made up my mind.
I’m going to play rugby. Willow: So, you’ll be
playing with my brother, Mark. He’s the captain
of the school’s rugby team.
Jonah: Great! By the way, are you going to the
amusement park?
Willow: Yes, I am. But first, I’m going to visit
Jenna at the hospital.
Jonah: Can I go with you? I’ll buy some
flowers for her.
Willow: Of course! She’ll be thrilled to see you.
Workbook 4
Unit 1, page 8, exercise 1
Narrator: Part 1
Josh: Our next guest today is Sara Thompson.
She's a paleontologist and professor at an
important university in Brazil. Sara, welcome to
our weekly podcast.
Sarah: Thank you so much, Josh. It's a pleasure
to be here.
Josh: Thank you for accepting our invitation,
Sarah. I'd like to begin by asking you: Which
dinosaur is the most interesting for you and
why?
Sarah: Well, the prehistoric creatures that I find
the most interesting are the pterosaurs, but I
need to clarify that they are not dinosaurs.
Josh: Do you mean the "flying reptiles"?
Sarah: Yes! You're right! They were flying
reptiles, and many confuse them with
dinosaurs, but they aren't in the same group.
But, going back to your question, I find them
fascinating precisely because they were some
of the largest and strangest creatures that ever
flew.
Josh: What were pterosaurs like?
Sarah: Well, we've found that most pterosaurs
didn't have feathers, but their wings were
more like membranes, like those of bats. In
general, they were meat eaters. About their
size… some were as tall as giraffes! Can you
picture that kind of huge animal flying right
above your head?
Josh: I do! And it sounds scary! Did all of them
look the same?
Sarah: Not the same. Look, I'll show you some
pictures. This would be the Tupandactylus. Its
beak and wings were quite long, but the rest
of its body was small in comparison. When
I first saw a picture of it, as a child, with that
massive crest on top of its head, I didn't believe
something like that could ever exist. This one is
the Pteranodon. As you can see, its beak is also
pretty long, but its crest is pointed and smaller
than that of the Tupandactylus. And this one
would be the Quetzalcoatlus. It also had a long
and pointed beak, but some had a small crest
at the back of their head.
Josh: I see. They are, in fact, different. Dear
viewers, I'll leave the pictures in the description
of the video for you to identify them.
Narrator: Part 2
Josh: And, one last question, you mentioned
yourself as a child. Did you want to become a
paleontologist since then?
Sarah: Well, in my childhood, I used to
daydream about becoming a scientist, but not
precisely a paleontologist. But when I learned
about dinosaurs and then pterosaurs, I just
wanted to spend as much time as I could
reading about these prehistoric creatures.
Every day, I went searching for fossils or
strange rocks out in the woods, and… here I
am!
Unit 2, page 16, exercise 1
Special Olympics is an international program
that provides people with intellectual
disabilities who are eight or older with
sports training and competition in more
than 30 Olympic-type sports. Special
Olympics was officially recognized by
the International Olympic Committee on
February 15, 1988.
Special Olympics and Paralympics are two
separate organizations recognized by the
International Olympic Committee. They are
similar in that they both focus on sports
for athletes with disabilities and are run by
international non-profit organizations. Apart
from that, the Special Olympics and the
Paralympics differ in three main areas: the
disability categories of the athletes they work
with, the criteria and philosophy under which
athletes participate, and the structure of their
respective organizations.
Special Olympics Unified Sports is a program
that empowers individuals with and without
intellectual disabilities to engage in sports.
Unified Sports joins people with and without
intellectual disabilities on the same team. It
was inspired by a simple principle: training
together and playing together is a quick path
to friendship and understanding. In Unified
Sports, teams are made up of people of similar
age and ability. That makes practices more fun
and games more challenging and exciting
for all.
Unit 3, page 24, exercise 1
Sandra: In today’s show, we’re interviewing
students who come from immigrant families.
Hi, Ahmad. Thanks for being here and sharing
your experience with us so we all can learn
from it. You do great at school and even
are the football team captain now, but I
know everyone listening to our high school
radio station would love to hear about your
experience in this country.
Ahmad: Thanks for inviting me. Yeah, I come
from an immigrant family. Our experience has
been a bit difficult. Well… my family and
I have faced many challenges in this new
country. One of the hardest has been learning
the language, especially for my grandparents.
Sandra: I imagine that must have been very
tough for them. How did you cope with that?
Ahmad: It was overwhelming at first. Well, my
family has always emphasized the importance
of education and hard work, so we knew that
learning the language was crucial for our
T71
 success and belonging here. So, my parents,
siblings, and I enrolled in language classes as
soon as we arrived, and we studied tirelessly
every day. It wasn't easy, but the determination
to adapt and overcome the language barrier
kept us going. When we were studying English
at home, we taught basic sentences to our
grandparents. They haven’t learned too much
yet, but they still try.
Sandra: That's truly inspiring. It takes a lot
of perseverance to stay motivated in such
challenging circumstances. Did you have to
deal with any other problems?
Ahmad: Definitely. We had a very hard time
at first because it was difficult for my parents
to get jobs. Thankfully, our education was
free. I didn’t want to go to school but get a
job… Obviously, my parents didn’t let me do
that, so I went to school immediately. It was
a challenging experience because of cultural
differences, but we made friends after a few
weeks. While my parents were working at
temporary and low-paying jobs, they kept
looking for better opportunities. They’ve
already found some stable and better jobs.
Sandra: I’m glad for them. Did you find any
support systems or communities that helped
you along the way?
Ahmad: Absolutely! The community has
shared valuable information and resources, like
job openings or affordable housing options.
Sandra: It seems you have lots of important
advice for other people who come from
immigrant families, like yourself.
Ahmad: Sure. When I knew about this
interview, I started thinking about the most
fundamental tips. Just last week, I was writing a
list, which included eight main pieces of advice,
some of which I have mentioned here, but here
they are… 1. Never forget the importance of
education and hard work. 2. Be determined to
adapt and overcome barriers. 3. Recognize and
respect cultural differences. 4. Make sure you
have a strong network. 5. Find communities of
people that share similar experiences. 6. Never
underestimate your own strength. 7. Embrace
the challenges as opportunities for growth.
And, finally, 8. Find a support system. These tips
have accompanied me throughout my time
here and have helped me and my family be
happy people and always keep in mind that
the hard times end eventually. I hope they’re
helpful for everyone out there, too.
Unit 4, page 32, exercise 1
1. Matthew: I was so shy when I was in high
school! I don’t know why was so afraid of
chatting to my classmates or starting a
conversation with people I liked. I would
have liked to make new friends, but I didn’t
even dare look them in the eye.
2. Agatha: My parents used to ask me to
come home and have dinner with them. I
was so busy hanging out with friends that I
didn’t spend time with my parents. I regret
that.
3. Jacob: I remember I was very good at
playing the piano, but I was so busy with
schoolwork. I used to say, “I’ll do it another
day”, but time flew by! I could have been a
T72
famous musician if I had made time for it.
4. Gabriella: When I was in third grade,
there was a group of popular kids. I always
wanted to be part of them, so I acted like
them instead of being myself. Now, I realize
I’m perfect as I am.
5. Abigail: It was difficult to express how I
felt. If something made me sad, I would cry
alone in my room, and I wouldn’t let anyone
know. Now, I realize that if I express my
feelings, someone might help.
6. George: When I was a teenager, some boys
said my nose was too big and made fun
of me. I used to feel ashamed, and I never
answered back. I should have stood up for
myself!
Unit 5, page 40, exercise 1
Ivy: Oh, you look so cute in this picture, Jason!
How old were you?
Jason: Let me see. That was kindergarten, so
I was 5.
Ivy: Do you remember much about that time?
Jason: Well, yeah. There was this friendly
neighbor and her two children. They were
about my age. We used to have sleepovers
at their home on weekends. She always had
good plans for us, so it was fun.
Ivy: Like what?
Jason: She used to set up a tent in the
backyard, so, you know, we played kids' games
like tag, or we played with toys like building
blocks or things we found around. Sometimes,
we got hurt —our arms, legs, or knees—while
playing make-believe, especially as warriors,
but it was okay. Oh, and the best thing was
when she made snacks for all of us! Oh, my
gosh, they were delicious! … even better than
my mom's!
Ivy: It sounds like a lot of fun!
Jason: Yeah, but things changed when they
moved to another city. You know, they were
the only friends I had, and I missed them. So,
as I didn't have my friends around, I spent a
lot of time alone in my room, and that's how I
got into video games. Since then, it has been
the only kind of game I play. I'm not as active
as before… How about you, Ivy? Do you
remember what you used to do when you
were a little kid?
Ivy: Of course! My sisters and I have always
been pretty active. We used to play together
a lot, especially when we went to our
grandparents' house. It was so big that we
could ride our bikes, play Frisbee with Max and
Tony—our grandparents' dogs—and play tag.
We also played video games, especially Just
Dance, and we always made fun of each other
because we never got our moves right. Ha, ha.
At the end of the day, we used to go to bed so
tired. We had so much fun when we were kids.
Jason: So, your sisters were your friends! And
are you still as active as before?
Ivy: Yeah, we have always gotten along well,
and we're still inseparable. We don't play
together anymore, but we swim and cycle
often. We can't stay still!
Jason: Oh, good for you!
Unit 6, page 48, exercise 1
Alternative tourism, or offbeat tourism, has
gained significant popularity in recent years.
It encourages exploration of lesser-known
places, cultures, and activities, providing a
departure from mainstream tourist hotspots.
One of the key aspects of alternative
tourism is its emphasis on sustainability and
responsible travel. Travelers are conscious of
the environmental and social impact of their
journeys, and they seek ways to minimize
negative effects while maximizing positive
contributions to local communities. This
type of tourism often supports eco-friendly
accommodations, promotes interaction with
residents, and encourages activities that
foster cultural exchange and environmental
preservation.
One form of alternative tourism is adventure
tourism, which offers thrilling and adrenaline-
pumping experiences in breathtaking natural
environments. This includes hiking, trekking,
rock climbing, kayaking, and wildlife safaris.
Cultural tourism is another form of alternative
tourism that allows travelers to delve into the
heritage, traditions, and lifestyles of different
communities. This involves visits to remote
villages, engaging in traditional arts and crafts,
participating in local festivals, and staying with
local families.
Ecotourism focuses on promoting conservation
and sustainable practices. Travelers engage in
activities that help protect fragile ecosystems
and wildlife habitats while gaining firsthand
knowledge about environmental challenges.
Ecotourism encourages responsible behavior,
such as minimally impacting natural resources,
supporting local conservation efforts, and
respecting the delicate balance of ecosystems.
Other forms of alternative tourism include
agritourism, voluntourism, and dark tourism.
Agritourism allows travelers to experience
rural life and agricultural practices. In
contrast, voluntourism combines travel with
volunteering, contributing to community
development projects. Dark tourism involves
visiting places associated with tragedy, such
as historical sites of war or natural disasters,
to understand past events and honor the
memory of those affected.