UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

MORONG CAMPUS
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM

ME 7
MACHINE ELEMENTS

ASSIGNMENT /ACTIVITY#2
. LESSON 5 GEARS

ROMERO, KENDRICK MARTIN B.

3ME-A

ENGR. VER IAN J. VICTORIO

INSTRUCTOR

RATING
Gears are mechanical components that mesh to transmit rotational motion or torque between shafts.
They are used in a wide variety of applications, from bicycles and clocks to wind turbines and car
engines. There are many different types of gears, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here
are some of the most common types of gears and their applications:

Spur gears: Spur gears are the simplest type of gear.

They have straight teeth that mesh like the teeth of a
comb. Spur gears are used to transmit rotation between
parallel shafts. They are simple to manufacture and
inexpensive, but they can be noisy and generate
vibrations at high speeds.\

Helical gears: Helical gears have teeth that are

cut at an angle. This angled design allows the
teeth to mesh more gradually, which results in
smoother operation and quieter operation than
spur gears. Helical gears are also more efficient
than spur gears, as they lose less energy to
friction. They are used in a wide variety of
applications, including gearboxes, transmissions,
and machine tools.

Bevel gears: Bevel gears are used to transmit

rotation between shafts that intersect at an angle.
They have teeth that are cut on a conical surface.
Bevel gears are used in a wide variety of
applications, including gearboxes, differentials, and
miter boxes.

Worm gears: Worm gears are a special type of gear that consists of a worm (a
screw-shaped gear) and a worm wheel (a gear with teeth that mesh with the
worm). Worm gears are used to transmit rotation between non-intersecting
shafts, and to create a large speed reduction. They are also self-locking, which
means that the worm wheel will not rotate if the worm is not driven. Worm gears
are used in a wide variety of applications, including jacks, conveyors, and steering gears.
 Rack and pinion: A rack and pinion is a type of linear
actuator that consists of a gear (the pinion) and a straight
bar (the rack) with teeth that mesh with the pinion. When
the pinion rotates, the rack moves linearly. Racks and
pinions are used in a wide variety of applications, including
steering systems, elevators, and printing presses.

Research for the name of parts of a spur gear and its definition.
PARTS:

• Circular Pitch (CP): The distance between corresponding points on adjacent teeth measured
along the pitch circle. It's the fundamental parameter of a gear denoted by ‘p’.

• Addendum (a): The radial distance between the pitch circle and the top of a tooth. It's important
for gear tooth strength and influences the depth of engagement between mating gears.

• Dedendum (b): The radial distance between the pitch circle and the bottom of a tooth space. It
affects the amount of involute contact between two gears and determines the minimum number
of teeth a gear can have for a given pressure angle.

• Whole Depth (h): The total depth of a tooth, which is the sum of the addendum (a) and the
dedendum (b). It's denoted by ‘h’ and is given by h = a + b.

• Tooth Thickness (T): The thickness of a tooth measured along the pitch circle. It's equal to the
circular pitch (p).

• Tooth Profile (Involute): The specific mathematical curve that ensures the teeth of mating gears
roll smoothly against each other, providing a constant velocity ratio.

• Line of Action (LA): The imaginary line along which the centers of curvature of two mating gears
make contact. It's the path of contact between two gears as they mesh.

• Pressure Angle (PA): The angle between the line of action (LA) and a tangent to the pitch circle
at the point of contact. It's a crucial parameter that affects the forces acting on the teeth, the
efficiency of gear transmission, and the wear characteristics of the gears.

• Working Depth (Wf): The depth of engagement between two mating gears. It's defined as the
distance along the line of action (LA) from the pitch circle (P) to the point where the two involute
profiles (tooth profiles) first meet.

• Clearance (c): The radial distance between the bottom of a tooth and the top of its mating gear
tooth. It's provided to prevent interference between teeth and ease manufacturing.

• Fillet (f): The small, curved region at the base of a tooth where the tooth joins the body of the
gear. It helps to distribute stresses and prevent crack initiation.

• Base Circle (BC): The imaginary circle that defines the involute profile of the gear tooth. The
rolling action of gear teeth occurs along their respective base circles.

• Pitch Circle (PC): The imaginary circle on a gear about which the pitch diameter is measured. It
defines the gear's size and determines the speed ratio between mating gears.

• Outside Diameter (OD): The diameter of the gear measured at the outermost tips of its teeth.

• Root Diameter (RD): The diameter of the gear at the base of its teeth.
• Center Distance (CD): The distance between the centers of rotation of two mating gears. It's
essential for ensuring proper meshing of the gears.