Composing 4) Provide necessary background

to place the book in context.

Academic Writing
5) Use an interesting quote,fact,
or explanation to engage
Book Review readers.
-describes and evaluates a book’s
content, purpose, structure, and
Handling the Context:
style
1) For nonfiction, focus on the
Preparation: authors main points and
-before writing, ask questions sources
about the author viewpoint,
main points, evidence, 2) For fiction, pay attention to
expertise, and how the book setting, plot, style, characters,
relates to others on the same themes, and language
topic
3) Offer personal reactions to the
Analysis and Response: Book
-Combine analytical reading with
personal response to indicate 4) Describe the book thoroughly
what the book is about and
what it meant to readers 5) Respond to the author’s
opinions and analyze them
Length:
-Tailor the length of the review to 6) Explore any raised issues
the book’s length, aiming for a
minimum of 100 words and Conclusions a Book
adjusting for longer books
Review:
Title:
1) Restate your argument to
-Craft a strong, descriptive title
other books or authors
that reflects your overall
impression of the book, avoiding
2) Connect the book to larger
generic or weak titles
Issues
Starting a Book Review: 3) Tie together issues raised in
the review
1) Identify the book by author,
title, and publishing 4) Restate main points and
information. Thesis briefly
2) Specify the type of book 5) Evaluate the book’s success,
(fiction, nonfiction,biography, address possibilities, omissions,
etc.) Comparisons, unconvincing
Points, and personal experiences
related to the subject
3) Mention the book’s theme.

Revising the Draft:
1) Allow time for revision ideally
at least a day
2) Correct the grammar and
punctuation errors
3) Ensure unity, organization,
and logical development
4) Make major revisions if
necessary
5) Verify quotations and check
references for accuracy and
format.
Literature Review
-is an academic essay that
examines existing research on a
specific topic, written by
recognized scholars and
researchers.
Purpose:
1) Examines existing research on
a topic. Components of a
2) Provides background and
rationale for your own
Research.
3) Summarizes and synthesizes
Previous research
Charactericstics:
1) Not a research paper itself,
But provides context for
research questions or
Problems
2) Driven by guiding principles or
research questions
3) Often found in academic
papers, theses, dissertations,
and scholarly
Function:
1) Examines what has already
Been done on a research
paper
2) Identifies gaps or areas for
further research
3) Synthesizes findings to provide
a comprehensive overview of
the topic
Importance:
1) Provides context and
justification for new research
2) Helps researchers avoid
duplicating existing studies
3) Offers insights into current
Debates and trends within a
field
Literature Review
Introduction
-defines the topic, notes
exclusions, states general
findings, and source availability
Main Body
-Organizes evaluation of sources
chronologically or thematically,
provides critical summary and
evaluation of research, and
transitional devices
References
-reflects in-text citations,
contains complete and correct
citations
Literature Review
Strategies:
4) Length
1) Summary -generally larger than standard
-briefly state the argument and essays, ranging from five to
main points of relevant fifteen pages
research
Components of research
2) Analysis report:
-Critically examine the
research’s premise, 1) Title
methodology, and conclusion -reflects the content and
emphasis of the project,
3) Synthesis should be concise
-combine ideas to form an
integrated theory or system 2) Abstract
through critical evaluation, -provides an overview of the
comparison/contrast, etc. research study in 200-300
words, acting as an executive
4) Evaluation summary of key elements
-assess the strengths and
weaknesses of existing 3) Introduction
research -presents the research question,
relevant literature review,
Research Report rationale for the research’s
-is a long, formal essay, typically importance, and hypothesis
five to fifteen pages, presenting
the writer’s views and findings 4) Methodology
on a chosen subject. -critical section allowing
evaluation of research quality,
Characteristics: details how another researcher
can replicate and validate
1) Scholarly Work findings
-Not merely a long composition
but a scholarly work 5) Results
-contains data with a short
2) Originality introduction: interpretation
-presents the writer’s views and and analysis are typically for
findings rather than just the discussion section.
compiling notes from various
sources 6) Discussion
-interprets and evaluates study
3) Formality results against existing
-follows the principles of good literature, identifies anomalies,
writing but adheres to and connects results to
scholarly standards broader implications.
7) References 3) Generate income for
-list all cited authors and companies or seek funding for
papers: every fact, idea, or projects
quotation used in the report
should be properly cited. Key Elements:

1) Clearly answer questions

Formatting Considerations
1) No universal format
-format depends on variables
such as audience and purpose
about what is proposed, how the
plan will be carried out, when it
will be implemented, and how
much money will be needed or
spent.

2) Attractive presentation 2) Persuasive document

-reports should be visually highlighting reader benefits,
appealing and clear proving credibility, and
facilitating easy response
3) Suitability
-employ a format that best suits Student Perspective:
the needs and preferences of 1) Students often write
the readers proposals without realizing it,
such as for science class projects
4) Clarity or club outreach activities
-write systematically write
ensuring clarity in 2) Following guidelines and
presentation understanding the parts of a
project proposal can make the
Project Proposal writing process easier

-is a document written for Guidelines in Writing the

problem-solving, service, event Proposal:
planning, or equipment selling.
It aims to convince the reader to 1) Gathering data
take action, such as buying -effective proposal require well-
goods or services, finding a research date for credibility
project, or implementing a
program. -data can be gathered from
primary and secondary
Purposes: sources, using research paper
writing strategies
1) Convince the reader to
support or approve the proposal 2) Organizing the data
action -information in the proposal
should be clearly organized for
2) Used for both internal and effectiveness.
external purposes within
organizations
-use the parts of the proposal or C) Budget
an outline to structure the -presents analysis of anticipated
discussion. project costs,itemized or as a
3) Writing the Proposal whole
-fill out the proposal parts with
relevant data based on the 3) Formality
research -Proposals categorized by length:
informal(2-4 pages) or formal (5
4) Revising the proposal or more pages)
-review the proposal for
accuracy and organization -follow standard parts
before submission regardless of purpose and
audience
-a comprehensive and well-
organized proposal presents the -organization may provide a
organization in the best light prescribed format for proposals;
ensure compliance
Formatting the Project
Proposal: SMART
-Specific
-Measurable
1) Introduction
-Attainable
-Provides background necessary
-Results Oriented
for understanding the projects:
-Time Bound
A) Rationale
-identifies the problem and Position Paper
shows the need to solve it -is a composition presenting an
opinion on an issue, often in the
B) Objectives context of a debate, and
-SMART objectives reveal what persuades the audience of the
the project intends to achieve author’s well-founded
knowledge about the issue.
C) Benefits
-shows what the reader or target Goals:
audience can gain from the -state and defend the author’s
proposal position on the issue

2) Project description -show how the stance relates to

-gives specific information about the other positions.
the project
Writing Approach:
A) Methodology -support arguments with
-details activities,man power, reasons and evidence
resources, and expected output.
-choose an issue that meets
B) Schedule specific criteria for presenting a
-discusses task duration and strong argument
start/end dates for each activity
Issue Criteria:
1) Is it the actual and real issue? C) Explanation of why author’s
2) Can you clearly identify two position is the best one, despite
positions? counter arguments

3) Are you an advocate of one of 3) Conclusion

theses positions? -restates key points

4) Is the issue narrow enough to -may suggest a resolution to

be manageable? the issue

Supporting Evidence -restates the author position

1) Factual Knowledge -provide a plan of action

-valid and verifiable information

2) Statistical Inferences
-conclusions drawn from
gathered data.

3) Personal Testimony
-first-hand experience or
knowledge of the writer or a
knowledgeable party.

Components of a Position
Paper:

1) Introduction
-identifies the issue and states
the author’s position

-introduces the topic with

background information

-builds a thesis statement

asserting the author’s position

2) Body
-central argument broken into
sections

A) Possible objections(counter-
argument)

B) Discussion of both sides of

the issue, addressing and
refuting opposing argument’s
(your argument)
 WRITING AN address of the company or
organization
APPLICATION
3) Salutation
PAPER - An expression of greeting
to the employer that comes
Application letter immediately before the body of
-a letter that you write to a the letter.
company or organization when
you are applying for a job 4) Body of the Letter
Importance A. First Paragraph
-The letter of application is like a -attract the attention of the
personal sales letter because of employer
its task of selling the personality
and qualifications to the 1st Sentence
applicant’s future employee. -the way the writer came to
know of the job opening.(From
Purpose whom or from what
-to secure an interview publication, advertisement or
-eventually to obtain a job any source of information did
you learn the job opening?)
Part of Application
2nd Sentence
Letter -The exact purpose of the
writer

B. Second Paragraph
-create the employers' interest
or desire in your application by
indicating your educational
attainment.

C. Third Paragraph
-indicate your work experience
and training sessions attended

D. Fourth Paragraph
1) Heading -personal attitudes, interests,
-contains the address of the qualities, activities towards the
sender, and the date on which job
the letter is being written.
E. Fifth Paragraph
2) Inside Address -to make the employer believe
-contains the name of the that you are the right person
employer, his/her position, the company has been looking
company's name and the for
F. Sixth Paragraph
-urge the employer to act on
your application letter by
requesting for an interview

5) Complimentary Close
-serves to end the message just
as goodbye serves to end a
conversation

6) Signature
-contains the name and
signature of the writer