Abstract:

The Superposition theorem is a fundamental concept in electrical

engineering that allows for the analysis of complex circuits by breaking them
down into simpler components. In this experiment we will constructed a simple
electrical circuit consisting a two voltage source and three resistors. And will
show how this multi-sources effects on this resistors.

Introduction:
The superposition theorem is unquestionably one of the most powerful in
circuit analysis. It has such widespread application that people often apply it
without recognizing that their maneuvers are valid only because of this theorem.
The superposition theorem states the following:
The current through, or voltage across, any element of a network is equal
to the algebraic sum of the currents or voltages produced independently by
each source.
In other words, this theorem allows us to find a solution for a current or voltage
using only one source at a time. Once we have the solution for each source, we
can combine the results to obtain the total solution. The term algebraic appears
in the above theorem statement because the currents resulting from the sources of
the network can have different directions, just as the resulting voltages can have
opposite polarities.

If we are to consider the effects of each source, the other sources obviously
must be removed. Setting a voltage source to zero volts is like placing a short
circuit across its terminals. Therefore,
when removing a voltage source from a network schematic, replace it with
a direct connection (short circuit) of zero ohms. Any internal resistance
associated with the source must remain in the network.
Setting a current source to zero amperes is like replacing it with an open circuit.
Therefore,
when removing a current source from a network schematic, replace it by an
open circuit of infinite ohms. Any internal resistance associated with the
source must remain in the network.

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Objectives:

1. State Superposition theorem and verify this theorem.

2. Calculate the current or voltage through each element by applying the
superposition method of circuit analysis.

Equipment required:

• F.A.C.E.T. base unit

• DC NETWORK THEOREMS circuit board
• Multimeter
• Two-Post Connectors
• Terminal Posts

Procedures:
1. Locate the SUPERPOSITION circuit block. In the following procedure,
use two-post connectors to remove and "replace" each voltage source
with a short circuit.

2. Calculate the voltage across one of resistors (e.x R3) that is induced
by VS1.
3. Calculate the voltage across one of resistors (e.x R3) that is induced
by VS2.
4. Using multimeter to measure the voltage drop across that same resistor.
5. Compare the results.

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Results:
As a start we have this value:

VS1 -10 V

VS2 +10 V

R1 360 Ω

R2 510 Ω

R3 1000 Ω

And we will determine the value of VR3 by calculate & measure.

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By calculating:

ⅰ) VS1 → off (short circuit)

360×1000
RA= R1⃒⃒ R3 = = 264.705 Ω
360+1000

264.705
VRA = VR3́ = 10 × = 3.42 𝑉
264.705+510

ⅱ) VS2 → off (short circuit)

510×1000
RB= R2 ⃒⃒R3 = = 337.748 Ω
510+1000

337.748
VRB = VR3́ ́ =−10 × = −4.84 𝑉
337.748+360

→ VR3 = VR3́ + VR3́ ́ = 3.42 – 4.84 = -1.42 V

By using Multimeter we find:

VR3 = -1.42 V

This show the result are exact when we use the measurements to verify the
calculating.

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Discussion:
• Each voltage source’s effect on R3 must be determined(VS1 , VS2).
• With one voltage source removed, determine the effect the remaining
voltage source has on R3.
• Find the effect on R3 caused by the second voltage source by reversing
the procedure.
• Algebraically combine the two results to determine the actual voltage
across R3 (VR3 = VR3́ + VR3́ ́ ).

Conclusion:

At the end of this experiment we have learned how Superposition theorem

work. And how this theorem can help us to analysis the complex circuit. And
why this theorem is one of most famous fundamental in circuit analysis filed.

References:

1. Introductory Circuit Analysis by Robert L. Boylestad 11th edition.

2. https://images.app.goo.gl/ZS9aRgfPJCYt42Gr9

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