Uses of ICT In Our Daily Lives

1. Communication
2. Job Opportunities
3. Education
4. Socializing
Positive Impact of ICT in The Society

1. Access to information
2. Improved access to education
3. New tools, new opportunities
4. Communication
5. Information management
6. Security
7. ICT allows people to participate in a wider, even
worldwide, society.
8. Distance learning
9. ICT facilitates the ability to perform ‘impossible’
experiments’ by using simulations.
10. Creation of new more interesting jobs
Negative Impact of ICT in The Society

1.Job loss
2.Reduced personal interaction
3.Reduced physical activity
4.Cost
5.Competition
ACTIVITY 1:
“NAME THAT APP”
• GUESS THE NAME OF THE APPLICATION
TELEGRAM
CHROME
GOOGLE
INSTAGRAM
GOOGLE PLAY
STORE
VIBER
APP STORE
MESSENGER
PINTEREST
SHARE IT
ZOOM
MEET
 In the development of the computer, the
greatest progress has been made during
the next 20 years will equal or even surpass
the achievements in the last 200 years.
 The computer is the beginning to serve as an
integral part of peoples life. Everyday, more
innovative uses for computers are being
developed for:

▪ Business
❑Education
❑Health
❑Mass Media
❑Religion
❑Science
❑Arts and Entertainment
❑Communication
❑Banking and Finance
Other Applications of Computers
• Transport
• Navigation
• Working From Home
• Military
• Social and Romance
• Booking Vacations
• Security and Surveillance
• Weather Forecasting
• Robotics
 Applications of Computer
➢Automatically dispensing money

➢Making an electronic office system

➢Designing architectural models

➢Educational learning databases

 Application …..continued
➢Reality simulation

➢Network communication

➢Interpreting the inside of the mothers womb

➢Predicting financial and environmental

consequences
 COMPUTER
Electronic device
designed to
manipulate data so
that useful
information can be
generated.
COMPUTER
Electronic device
capable of
manipulating data
by performing
mathematical and
logical operations
based on a set of
instruction to
produce meaningful
result.
Computer Logical Organization

Input Process Output

The computer requires step-by-step

instruction and data to perform a
meaningful job.
 DATA
• Letters, numbers and other symbols that are
entered into the computer.
 INPUT
• Data and instructions that are entered into
the computer.
 PROCESS
• The transformation of data into a
meaningful result.
 OUTPUT
• The result of a processed data. It is also
known as “information”.
Characteristics of computer

•It is a machine
•It is electronic
•It is automatic
•It can manipulate data.
•It has memory.
• It has logic function
 The Multimedia Personal
Computer Unit
HARDWARE is the tangible part of a computer
system. It simply refers to the equipment and or
technology which is an integral part of the entire
system.
Main Parts of the Computer

The basic hardware of a PC system consist of the:

1. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
2. MEMORY UNIT
3. INPUT DEVICES
4. OUTPUT DEVICES
5. SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES
1. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) is often
referred to as the “brain” of the computer. It
directs and controls the entire computers
system and performs all arithmetic and logical
operations.

A Microprocessor is said to be the CPU. The

processing rate of a computer depends mainly
on its microprocessor. It is an internal part of
the computer placed with the other small
electronic parts on what is called
Motherboard.
2. MEMORY UNIT – is where programs and data
are kept when the processor is actively using
them. When people say that a computer has
“128 megabytes of RAM” they are talking
about how big its main memory is.

3. INPUT DEVICES – allow data and programs to

be sent to the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
These are the media we use to communicate
with the computers.
Here are some INPUT DEVICES:

a. KEYBOARD is like a regular typewriter

keyboard with some additional keys that the PC
uses for special functions. This is the device that
we use to key-in the instructions and data to the
computer for processing.

b. MOUSE is a gadget which helps us point and

move things on the display screen. It has a tail of
wire and a body like that of a real mouse. Such
may have been the reason for its name.
Continuation:
Two types of Mouse:

1. serial mouse
2. optical mouse

Other pointing devices:

➢ Track ball is very much like a mouse but simply

with the track ball very much exposed and
prominent. It is rolled by the user’s finger tips.
➢ Track point is pointing device normally integrated
within the keyboard alphabet keys. It is normally
red in color. It is usually found on IBM ThinkPad
notebooks.
Continuation:

➢ Touch pad – a pad replaces the ball especially for

portable computers called PC notebooks. The
user simply slides his index finger on to the Touch
pad to mobilize the cursor on the display screen.
A tap initiates selection, and a double tap selects
and opens a file or runs an application.
➢ Touch screen gets rid of pointing devices. It
allows the user to deal directly with the computer
display screen in terms of selecting and running
applications at one’s finger touch of the Touch
screen.
 MOUSE BASIC FUNCTIONS
ACTION DEFINITION

1. POINTING Move the mouse pointer to the position

on the screen.

2. CLICKING Press and release the left mouse button.

3. DOUBLE-CLICKING Press and release the left mouse button

twice quickly. It is use to open a file,
program or folder.
4.DRAGGING Point to an item, then press the right
mouse button

5. RIGHT-CLICKING Point to an item, then press the right

mouse button.
4. OUPUT DEVICES – are the media used by the
computer in displaying its responses to our
requests and instructions. The most commonly
used output devices are the:

Monitor or video display is like a television

which displays images on the computer.

Types of monitor:
❑ monochrome: green or orange
❑ Paper white
❑ EVGA
❑ SVGA
Audio speakers give the sounds just like of a
radio or television.

Printer shows the computer responses on

paper print outs or hard copies.
5. SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES – are attached
to the computer system to allow you to store
programs and data permanently for the purpose
of retrieving them for future use.

Common types of Secondary storage devices:

▪ Floppy disk or diskette
▪ Hard Disk drive (HDD)
▪ CD-ROM
Biorhythms, computers, music,
and…
 Group Question
• Get into a group of three people
• You have three minutes to come up with
two answers and make an educated guess at
a third
 Discussion Questions
• What defines a computer:
– What is the simplest definition of a computer
you can come up with?
– What defines a modern computer?

• What was the first computer?

– If you don’t know, make a guess
 Definition of a Computer
• Information Processor
• Input and Output
 Definition of Modern Computer
• Inputs, outputs, processes and stores
information
• Physical: Keyboard, monitor, etc. – are
these necessary components?
History of Computers - Long, Long Ago

• beads on rods to count and calculate

• still widely used in Asia!
History of Computers - Way Back When

• Slide Rule 1630

• based on Napier’s rules for
logarithms
• used until 1970s
History of Computers - 19th Century

• first stored program -

metal cards
• first computer
manufacturing
• still in use today!
 Charles Babbage - 1792-1871
• Difference Engine c.1822
– huge calculator, never finished
• Analytical Engine 1833
– could store numbers
– calculating “mill” used punched
metal cards for instructions
– powered by steam!
– accurate to six decimal places
 Discussion Question
• What was the biggest advance that led to
modern computers?
– Electricity
– Transistor
– Microchip
– Data storage
 Vacuum Tubes - 1941 - 1956
• First Generation Electronic
Computers used Vacuum Tubes
• Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with
circuits inside.
• Vacuum tubes have no air inside of
them, which protects the circuitry.
 UNIVAC -Universal Automatic
Computer - 1951
• first fully electronic digital
computer built in the U.S.
• Created at the University of
Pennsylvania
• ENIAC(Electronic
Numerical Integrator and
Computer) weighed 30 tons
• contained 18,000 vacuum
tubes
• Cost a paltry $487,000
 Grace Hopper
• Programmed UNIVAC
• Recipient of Computer
Science’s first “Man of the
Year Award”
First Computer Bug - 1945
• Relay switches part
of computers
• Grace Hopper
found a moth stuck
in a relay
responsible for a
malfunction
• Called it
“debugging” a
computer
First Transistor

• Uses Silicon
• developed in 1948
• won a Nobel prize
• on-off switch

• Second Generation
Computers used
Transistors, starting in
1956
 Second Generation – 1963-1965
• 1956 – Computers began to incorporate
Transistors
• Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors
 Integrated Circuits

• Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips).

• Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors
integrated together into a single “chip”
 Operating System
• Software – Instructions for Computer
• Operating system is set of instructions
loaded each time a computer is started
• Program is instructions loaded when needed
 Third Generation – 1964-1971
• 1964-1971
• Integrated Circuit
• Operating System
• Getting smaller, cheaper
 The First Microprocessor – 1971

• The 4004 had 2,250 transistors

• four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s)
• 108Khz
• Called “Microchip”
 What is a Microchip?
• Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC)
– Transistors, resistors, and capacitors
• 4004 had 2,250 transistors
• Pentium IV has 42 MILLION transistors
– Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)
 4th Generation – 1971-present
• MICROCHIPS!
• Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still
using microchip technology
 Birth of Personal Computers - 1975
Micro Instrumentation
and Telemetry
Systems(MITS)

• 256 byte memory (not

Kilobytes or
Megabytes)
• 2 MHz Intel 8080 chips
• Just a box with flashing
lights
• cost $395 kit, $495
assembled.
Generations of Electronic Computers
First Second Third Fourth Gen.
Generation Gen. Gen.
Technology Vacuum Transistors Integrated Microchips
Tubes Circuits (millions of
(multiple transistors)
transistors)
Size Filled Whole Filled half a Smaller Tiny - Palm
Buildings room Pilot is as
powerful as
old building
sized
computer
 Over the past 50 years, the Electronic
Computer has evolved rapidly.

Connections:
• Which evolved from the other, which was
an entirely new creation
• vacuum tube
• integrated circuit
• transistor
• microchip
Evolution of Electronics
Microchip
(VLSIC)
Integrated
Circuit

Transistor

Vacuum
Tube
 Evolution of Electronics
• Vacuum Tube – a dinosaur without a modern
lineage
• Transistor → Integrated Circuit → Microchip
IBM PC - 1981
• IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture
• First wide-selling personal
computer used in business
• 8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors
– 4.77 Mhz processing speed
• 256 K RAM (Random Access
Memory) standard
• One or two floppy disk drives
Apple Computers
• Founded 1977
• Apple II released 1977
– widely used in schools

• Macintosh (left)
– released in 1984, Motorola 68000
Microchip processor
– first commercial computer with
graphical user interface (GUI) and
pointing device (mouse)
 Computers Progress
UNIVAC Mits IBM PC Macintosh Pentium
(1951-1970) Altair (1981) (1984) IV
(1968 vers.)
(1975)
Circuits Integrated 2 Intel Intel 8088 Motorola Intel P-IV
Circuits 8080 Microchip 68000 Microchip
Microchip -Transistors
29,000 - 7.5 million
transistors
RAM 512 K 265 Bytes 256 KB 256 MB
Memory
Speed 1.3 MHz 2 KHz 4.77 MHz 3200 MHz
= 3.2 GHz
Storage 100 MB 8” Floppy Floppy Floppy Hard
Hard Drive Drive Drive Drives Drive,
Floppy,
CD-Rom
Size Whole Briefcase Briefcase Two Small
Room (no monitor) + Monitor shoeboxes Tower
(integrated
monitor)
Cost $1.6 million $750 $1595 ~$4000 $1000 -
$2000
 1990s: Pentiums and Power Macs
• Early 1990s began penetration of computers into
every niche: every desk, most homes, etc.
• Faster, less expensive computers paved way for this
• Windows 95 was first decent GUI for “PCs”
• Macs became more PC compatible - easy file transfers
• Prices have plummeted
– $2000 for entry level to $500
– $6000 for top of line to $1500
 21 st Century Computing
• Great increases in speed, storage, and
memory
• Increased networking, speed in Internet
• Widespread use of CD-RW
• PDAs
• Cell Phone/PDA
• WIRELESS!!!
 Evolution of Dr. U’s Computer
1990 2004 Factor

Speed 16 MHz 2 GHz 125x

Storage 20 MB 120 GB 6000x

Memory 1 MB 1 GB MB 1000x

Cost $2250 $750 .33x

 What’s next for computers?
• Use your imagination to come up with what
the next century holds for computers.
– What can we expect in two years?
– What can we expect in twenty years?