MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA, CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA

INSTITUTO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR “Juan Mantovani”

PROVINCIA DEL CHACO
“Año 2020: Año del Congreso Pedagógico”

Language and Grammar of the Foreign Language I

CLASS #: 1 Published: 27/07/2020
TEACHER: Roman, Norma

In this first class we are going to deal with simple sentences structure. In English is
very important to manage structures and vocabulary in the correct way. The first item we
are going to practice is simple sentence structure to continue with verbal tenses, since
they complement each other, students must correctly handle the first ones to use the
second ones properly.

ACTIVITY
Read the explanation carefully.
Watch the video in the “sitios” section of the classroom.
Complete the activities from the file named: SENTENCE

Simple sentences
A sentence is a group of words that are put together to make one complete
thought.
To understand sentence structures in the English language, you must first have a
general understanding of the types of words that are used to make sentences.
 Noun – a person, place or thing
Singular examples (one): brother, home, sock, mouse
Plural examples (more than one): brothers, homes, socks, mice

 Agreement helps readers understand the relations between elements in a

sentence. Subjects and verbs agree in number and person. More Japanese
Americans live in Hawaii and California than elsewhere. Pronouns and their
 MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA, CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA
INSTITUTO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR “Juan Mantovani”
PROVINCIA DEL CHACO
“Año 2020: Año del Congreso Pedagógico”

antecedents agree in person, number, and gender. Hawaiians value Senator

Inouye’s work for them.

 Verb – an action Examples: jump, sit, talk, have

 Adjective – describes a noun Examples: colorful shirt, funny story, tall boy

 Adverb – describes other words (not nouns)

Examples: jumped yesterday, talks fast, sings loud, very pretty, thankfully for us

 Subject – the noun or nouns that perform the action

Example: The dog jumped. The subject of this sentence is the noun, dog, because it
is performing the action of jumping.
Example: Dogs and cats sleep. The subjects of this sentence are the nouns, dogs and cats.
This is called a compound subject because there is more than one subject performing the
same action.
 Object – the noun or nouns that receive the action
Example: The child drank milk. The object of this sentence is the noun, milk,
because the child is drinking the milk. The milk is receiving the action.
Example: She is eating bread and cheese. The objects of this sentence are the
nouns, bread and cheese. The subject is eating them both.
 There are five basic sentence structures in the English language.

 Subject-Verb
Examples: The boy plays. Jack eats. Sara sits.
 Subject-Verb-Object
Examples: The girl pets the cat. I love apples. Bill kicks the ball.
 Subject-Verb-Adjective
Examples: Lisa is pretty. They are nice. I am sad.
 Subject-Verb-Adverb
Examples: Maria laughs loudly. The dog jumps high. Apples are everywhere.
 MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA, CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA
INSTITUTO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR “Juan Mantovani”
PROVINCIA DEL CHACO
“Año 2020: Año del Congreso Pedagógico”

Definitions and Examples of Basic Sentence Elements

Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline = verb, blue, italics = object, pink,
regular font = prepositional phrase

Independent clause: An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. It

contains a subject and a verb and is a complete idea.

o I like spaghetti.
o He reads many books.

Dependent clause: A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be

attached to an independent clause to become complete. This is also known as a
subordinate clause.

o Although I like spaghetti,…

o Because he reads many books,…

Subject: A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that does an action. Determine
the subject in a sentence by asking the question “Who or what?”

o I like spaghetti.
o He reads many books.

Verb: Expresses what the person, animal, place, thing, or concept does.
Determine the verb in a sentence by asking the question “What was the action or
what happened?”

o I like spaghetti.
o He reads many books.
o The movie is good. (The be verb is also sometimes referred to as a copula
or a linking verb. It links the subject, in this case "the movie," to the
complement or the predicate of the sentence, in this case, "good.")

Object: A person, animal, place, thing, or concept that receives the action.
Determine the object in a sentence by asking the question “The subject did what?”
or “To whom?/For whom?”

o I like spaghetti.
 MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA, CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA
INSTITUTO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR “Juan Mantovani”
PROVINCIA DEL CHACO
“Año 2020: Año del Congreso Pedagógico”

o He reads many books.

Prepositional Phrase: A phrase that begins with a preposition (i.e., in, at for,
behind, until, after, of, during) and modifies a word in the sentence. A prepositional
phrase answers one of many questions. Here are a few examples: “Where?
When? In what way?”

o I like spaghetti for dinner.

o He reads many books in the library.

English Sentence Structure

The following statements are true about sentences in English:

A new sentence begins with a capital letter.

o He obtained his degree.

A sentence ends with punctuation (a period, a question mark, or an

exclamation point).

o He obtained his degree.

A sentence contains a subject that is only given once.

o Smith he obtained his degree.

A sentence contains a verb or a verb phrase.

o He obtained his degree.

A sentence follows Subject + Verb + Object word order.

o He (subject) obtained (verb) his degree (object).

A sentence must have a complete idea that stands alone. This is also called
an independent clause.

o He obtained his degree.

 MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA, CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA
INSTITUTO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR “Juan Mantovani”
PROVINCIA DEL CHACO
“Año 2020: Año del Congreso Pedagógico”

Simple Sentences Structure

A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb, and it may also have an object
and modifiers. However, it contains only one independent clause.

Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline = verb, blue, italics = object, pink,
regular font =prepositional phrase
Here are a few examples:

 She wrote.
 She completed her literature review.
 He organized his sources by theme.
 They studied APA rules for many hours.