INTERNSHIP AT KEYWORDS STUDIOS

Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

Submitted by

Kritika Goel (2010110986)

Under supervision

of

Dr. Atul Vir Singh

Department of Electrical Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
SHIV NADAR INSTITUTION OF EMINENCE
(April 2024)

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 Candidate Declaration

I/We hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Internship at Keywords Studios” is submitted
for the B. Tech. degree program. This thesis has been written in my/our own words. I/We
have adequately cited and referenced the original sources.

(Signature)
Kritika Goel
(2010110986)
Date: 29/0.4/2024

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 CERTIFICATE

It is certified that the work contained in the project report titled “Internship at Keywords
Studios,” by “Kritika Goel” has been carried out under my/our supervision and that this
work has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree.

(Signature)
Dr. Atul Vir Singh
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
School of Engineering
Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence
Date: 29/0.4/2024

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 Abstract

The internship at Keywords Studios focuses on understanding and developing video games. Keywords
Studios India is esteemed for its innovative contributions to creating immersive gaming experiences.
Throughout my internship, I will be working in the Game Development Engineering team. The team is
responsible for handing and developing games, understanding the underlying physics principle and various
other aspects, and applying them to the games to make them real and life like. As a part of the team, my
work will mainly be on actively participating in various aspects of game development, gaining insights into
the intricate process involved in crafting cutting edge gaming solutions.

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 Table of Contents

List of figures…….……………………………………………………………….. (6)

1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. (8)

a. Brief overview of Keywords Studios …………...…………………… (8)

2. Literature Review …………….……………………………………………… (9)

a. Work done till mid-semester..…………………………………………. (9)

i. MEMS Accelerometer ……………………………………….....(9)

ii. Capacitive Accelerometer……………………………………….(10)

iii. Piezoresistive Accelerometer…………………………………....(10)

iv. Piezoelectric Accelerometer……………………………………..(11)

v. Applications of Accelerometer…………………………………..(12)

b. Work done after mid-semester…………….………………………….....(13)

i. Popular Gaming Platforms……………………………………....(13)

ii. Video Games-Genres……………………………………………(13)

iii. The 3’Cs of Game Development………………………………..(15)

iv. AI in Game Development……………………………………….(15)

v. AI Applications in Gaming……………………………….……..(16)

vi. Procedural Generation……………………………………….….(16)

vii. Monte Carlo Tree Search(MCTS)……………………………....(17)

viii. GENIE AI……………………………………………………….(17)

ix. Live Games to Living Games……………………………….......(18)

x. Future of game development with AI………………………..….(18)

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 xi. Impact of physics in game development……………….……….(19)

xii. Physics Engine………………………………………………….(20)

3. Work Done …….……………………………………………………………....(21)

a. Game developed using SFML: Picking-Up-Swag Balls……………… (21)

4. Future Prospects…………… ..….....…………………………………………. (28)

5. References ……………………………………………………………………...(29)

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 List of Figures

2.1 Functional Principle of Capacitive Accelerometers…………..……….……………. (10)

2.2 Piezoresistive Accelerometer ……..………………………………….....………….. (11)

2.3 Piezoelectric Accelerometer ………………….…..………………….....………….. (11)

2.4 Genie AI working.…..…………………………………….………….....………..… (18)

2.5 Physics Engine……….. ………………….…..………………..…….....………….. (21)

3.1 Main function ……………………….…..…………………………......………….. (22)

3.2 Game class definition ………………...………………..........................…………… (23)

3.3 Game class definition ………………………….…..………………….....…………. (24)

3.4 Game class definition ………………………….…..………………….....…………. (25)

3.5 Swag balls class definition ………………….…..………………….....………….. (25)

3.6 Player class definition…………………………….…..………………….........…….. (26)

3.7 Working of game…...…………………………….…..………………….........…….. (27)

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 Chapter 1
Introduction

a) Brief overview of Keywords Studios:

Keywords Studios Plc (Keywords) is a video game industry services company that
provides technical and creative services to the global video games industry. Keywords
Studios offers a complete outsourced game art, engineering, testing, audio, and localization
service for all console, PC, handheld, and mobile content. It also offers a range service
such as art, game development, audio, functionality quality assurance, localization,
localization quality assurance, marketing services and player support. Founded in 1998 by
Giorgia Guastalla and Teresa Luppino, the company has over 70 studios in 25+ countries
and a team of over 13,000. Keywords also provides additional services that includes
technical support, customer service, performance testing, embedded serves and game
science service. It offers its services to the video games industry. The company operate in
Canada, Ireland, India, Japan, Singapore, Italy, the US and the UK. Keywords is
headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.

Just a few of Keyword’s credits:

• Halo Infinite
• Zelda: Breath of the Wild
• Star Wars Battlefront
• League of Legends
• Assassin’s Creed: Syndicate
• The outer Worlds
• Clash of clans
• Injustice 2
• Call of Duty: Black Ops

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 Chapter 2
Literature Survey

a) Work done till mid- semester

i. MEMS Accelerometer
• The Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology has ushered in
a new era of miniaturized integrated electro-mechanical devices, offering
unprecedented capabilities in various fields such as automobiles, medical
equipment, electronic gadgets, communication devices, and defense
applications. Among the diverse array of MEMS devices, the Micro
Accelerometer stands out as a pivotal component, showcasing the versatility
and precision achievable through this revolutionary technology. A MEMS
accelerometer is an electromechanical device designed to measure
acceleration forces, providing insights into static forces like gravity and
dynamic forces induced by motion or vibrations[1]. This miniature device
]plays a crucial role in a wide range of applications, from airbag sensors in
automotive safety systems to inkjet printer heads, PC disk drive read/write
heads, pulse sensors, and more. Its integration in various products highlights
the adaptability and significance of MEMS accelerometers in modern
technology. With a focus on sensitivity, frequency response, and power
consumption, our exploration into MEMS accelerometers utilizes advanced
simulation tools such as COMSOL Multiphysics to model and simulate
accelerometer behavior under diverse conditions. The objective is to
optimize MEMS accelerometer designs, offering valuable insights into
improved performance and laying the foundation for future exploration in
this dynamic field. As highly sensitive devices, MEMS accelerometers are
capable of measuring acceleration in one, two, or three orthogonal axes (x,
y, and z), making them indispensable in understanding and quantifying
changes in velocity over time. Through this exploration, we aim to

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 contribute to the ongoing evolution of MEMS technology, fostering
advancements that transcend various industries and applications.
ii. Capacitive Accelerometer
• Capacitive accelerometers, also known as vibration sensors, function by
leveraging changes in electrical capacitance in response to acceleration.
These devices exploit the principles of an opposed plate capacitor, where
the distance between the plates varies in proportion to applied acceleration,
resulting in a change in capacitance. This variable capacitance is
incorporated into a circuit to generate a voltage signal that corresponds to
the magnitude of acceleration [5].

Fig. 2.1 Functional principle of capacitive accelerometers

iii. Piezoresistive Accelerometer

• Piezoresistive accelerometers serve as indispensable components across
diverse industries, relying on the fundamental principle of the piezoresistive
effect to measure changes in acceleration. The term "piezoresistive"
encapsulates the essence of these devices, combining "piezo," meaning
"press" or "squeeze" in Greek, with "resistive," indicating changes in
electrical resistance. At their core, piezoresistive accelerometers are
constructed with materials, often semiconductors like silicon, that exhibit
alterations in electrical resistance when subjected to mechanical strain [2].

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 Fig.2.2 Piezoresistive Accelerometers

iv. Piezoelectric Accelerometer

• Piezoelectric accelerometers are essential devices used for measuring
acceleration, shock, and vibration, relying on the piezoelectric effect. This
effect is characterized by certain materials, termed piezoelectric materials,
generating an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress and
experiencing mechanical deformation when exposed to an electric field.
The following sections delve into the principles and operational aspects of
piezoelectric accelerometers [4].

Fig. 2.3 Schematic of piezoelectric accelerometers

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v. Applications of Accelerometer
• MEMS accelerometers have found widespread use in various industries.
Some of the key applications include:
1. Consumer electronics: Smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices
use MEMS accelerometers to detect device orientation, enable
gesture recognition, and support various features like image
stabilization in cameras.

2. Automotive industry: MEMS accelerometers are essential

components in vehicle stability control systems, airbag deployment,
and anti-lock braking systems. They also play a vital role in the
development of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and
autonomous vehicles.

3. Aerospace and defense: These sensors are used in navigation

systems, flight control, and vibration monitoring in aircraft and
spacecraft. They also find applications in military equipment, such
as guided missiles and drones.

4. Industrial and structural monitoring: MEMS accelerometers are

used to monitor the health and integrity of structures like bridges,
buildings, and dams by detecting vibrations and potential structural
failures.

5. Medical devices: They are incorporated in various medical

equipment, including patient monitoring systems, rehabilitation
devices, and surgical tools, enabling more precise movement and
control.

6. Sports and fitness: Athletes and fitness enthusiasts use devices with
MEMS accelerometers to track their performance, measure physical

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 activity levels, and analyze movement patterns for injury prevention
and performance optimization.

b) Work done after mid-semester

i. Popular Gaming Platforms
• Mobile Games: Android and IOS
• PC Games: Steam, Epic Games, Microsoft etc.
• AR/VR/MR
• Console Games: Sony PS4/Ps5, Xbox Series, Nintendo Switch
• Arcade and Casino Games
ii. Video Games- Genres
• Arcade: Originating from traditional coin-operated arcade machines, arcade
games typically feature fast-paced gameplay, simple controls, and often
high scores as the primary objective. They are designed for quick sessions
and tend to focus on reflexes and skill. Example: Time Crisis, The House
of the Dead

• Stealth: Stealth games emphasize avoiding detection and using stealth

tactics to progress through the game. Players often control a character who
must sneak past enemies or complete objectives without being noticed,
employing techniques such as hiding in shadows, distracting enemies, or
using disguises. Example: Metal Gear Solid, Thief

• Fighting: Fighting games center around one-on-one or team-based combat

between characters with unique abilities or fighting styles. Players engage
in hand-to-hand combat, executing various attacks and combos to defeat
opponents. Example: Tekken, Soul Calibur, Mortal Kombat

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• Survival: Survival games challenge players to survive in hostile
environments by managing resources such as food, water, and shelter.
Players must often contend with environmental hazards, wildlife, and
sometimes other players or enemies. Example: Rust, The Forest, Day Z

• Survival Horror: A subgenre of survival games, survival horror games

emphasize frightening atmospheres, limited resources, and vulnerable
protagonists. Players often face terrifying enemies or situations while
navigating through dark and eerie environments. Example: Silent Hill,
Resident Evil

• Real Time Strategy: RTS games involve strategic decision-making and

resource management in real-time. Players typically control armies or
civilizations and must gather resources, build structures, and command
units to defeat opponents. Example: Age of empires, StarCraft

• First Person Shooter: In FPS games, players view the game world from a
first-person perspective and primarily engage in combat using firearms.
These games often feature fast-paced action, multiplayer modes, and
objectives such as capturing points or eliminating enemy teams. Example:
Halo, Call of Duty

• Role Playing Games: RPGs allow players to control characters in a fictional

world, embarking on quests, engaging in battles, and progressing through a
narrative-driven story. Players often customize their characters, make
decisions that impact the game world, and develop their abilities over time.
Example: Skyrim, The Witcher

• Racing: Racing games focus on competitive racing events, where players

control vehicles and compete against either AI opponents or other players.
These games often feature a variety of vehicles, tracks, and racing modes,

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 emphasizing speed, skill, and sometimes vehicle customization. Example:
Dirt, Forza Horizon.

iii. The 3’Cs of Game Development

• Character: The character in a game refers to the player's avatar or the
controllable entity within the game world. It includes both the visual
representation of the character (appearance, animations, etc.) and its
behavior (movement, abilities, interactions with the environment, etc.).
Designing compelling characters involves creating ones that players can
connect with emotionally, feel invested in, and enjoy controlling throughout
the game experience.
• Camera: The camera perspective plays a crucial role in how players
perceive and interact with the game world. It determines the viewpoint from
which players observe and navigate the environment, influencing their
spatial awareness, immersion, and overall gameplay experience. Game
developers must carefully choose and implement camera systems that
provide players with optimal visibility, framing important gameplay
elements effectively, and enhance the game's atmosphere and storytelling.
• Controls: Controls encompass the input methods and mechanics through
which players interact with the game. This includes the use of keyboards,
mice, controllers, touchscreens, or motion-sensing devices to perform
actions such as moving characters, selecting options, using items, and
engaging in combat or other gameplay activities. Well-designed controls
should feel intuitive, responsive, and comfortable for players, allowing
them to easily execute actions and navigate the game world without
frustration.
iv. AI in Game Development
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) has redefined game development, enhancing
game quality through advanced algorithms and capabilities. Text-to-output
streamlines scene and character creation, while embedded neural networks

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 enrich gameplay. This symbiotic relationship drives innovation, pushing
the industry to new heights of excellence and creativity.
• In video games, AI generates responsive behaviors primarily in non-
playable characters (NPCs), evolving since the 1950s.
• From arcade games to modern titles, AI opponents offer graduated
difficulty levels and distinct movement patterns, enriching gameplay
invisibly through techniques like pathfinding and procedural-content
generation.

v. AI Applications in Gaming
• NPC Behavior Enhancement: AI empowers non-player characters (NPCs)
to exhibit intricate behaviors, fostering realism and player engagement.
• Procedural Content Creation: Generative AI creates diverse in-game
content like levels and quests, enhancing replay ability and streamlining
game development.
• Personalization: AI analyzes player behavior to tailor challenges, rewards,
and storylines, ensuring enjoyable and appropriately challenging
experiences for all players.
• Realistic Physics: AI-powered physics simulations enhance realism in-
game, making objects behave naturally.
• Future Outlook: As AI evolves, its applications in gaming continue to
shape more immersive and dynamic gaming environments, driving
ongoing innovation in the industry.
vi. Procedural Generation
• Procedural generation is a process that uses algorithmic methods to
automatically create content. This procedure can be used in a wide variety
of applications within game development, from creating textures and 3D
models to generating expansive in-game environments.
• The technique utilizes randomized mathematical algorithms to
automatically generate data. Not only does it allow for greater content
variability, but it also significantly reduces the size of game files.

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 • Elite Series: Dangerous: uses the real location of all the stars in the Milky
Way galaxy and then uses procedural generation to create planets that are
orbiting the stars
• Benefits of Procedural Generation in Gaming:
1. Unlimited Content: Being able to generate unique and unlimited
content algorithmically gives developers the ability to create
infinitely explorable game worlds like those in Minecraft and No
Man’s Sky.
2. Save Space: Since procedural generation only needs to store
algorithms instead of numerous graphical assets, this kind of
content creation leads to smaller file sizes, making games lighter
and more accessible.
3. Enhanced Gameplay: This technique enables unpredictable
gameplay, adding an element of surprise and replay ability to
games that use it.
4. High Demand: With the rise of procedurally generated games, the
demand for developers with knowledge in procedural generation
has increased in the gaming industry.

vii. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)

• It is an AI algorithm that finds the best move in a game by selecting the
node with the highest chance of winning, expanding the node, simulating
the node, and updating the node.
• It is used in combinatorial games: sequential games with perfect
information (chess , tic-tac-toe).
• It performs random sampling in the form of simulations and stores the
statistics of actions to make more educated choices in each subsequent
iteration.
viii. First ever IMAGE-TO-GAME-AI GENIE

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 • It is a first generative interactive environment capable of converting a
variety of different prompts into interactive, playable environments that
can be easily created, stepped into and explored.

Fig.2.4 Genie AI working

ix. Live Games to Living Games

• Living games will transform the games landscape, empowering creators —
designers, developers, artists, and marketers — to reimagine their
workflows and craft experiences in ways that were previously
unimaginable.
• Using Google Cloud products like GKE and Vertex AI, developers can
create personalized games that dynamically adapt based on player choices,
generating unique quests and challenges, and continuously evolving their
narratives.
• This creates a deeper level of player immersion and engagement, leading to
a more enriching experience for everyone involved.
• Google Cloud acts as a bridge , connecting us to the most powerful and
innovative game-development tools from industry leaders.

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x. Future of Game Development with AI
• As AI continues to advance, its future impact on gaming promises even
more immersive virtual worlds, adaptive gameplay, and intelligent game
mastering. AI-driven game mastering is emerging as a trend that tailors the
gaming experience based on individual player behavior.
• AI's integration into virtual and augmented reality games has the potential
to revolutionize player engagement by offering real-time assistance and
enhancing overall immersion. Mobile games and small studios, too, stand
to benefit from AI-powered algorithms that optimize gameplay mechanics
and create innovative experiences.

xi. Impact of Physics in Game Development

• Physics is essential in game development as it creates realistic and
believable movements, interactions, and behaviors within a game world.
Physics engines, which are software libraries that simulate real-world
physics, are widely used in game development.
• Game Physics refers to the application of physical principles within video
games to create realistic and consistent behavior for objects and
characters.
• Projectile Trajectories: Accurate physics determines how bullets, arrows,
or spells travel through the game world.
• Vehicle Handling: Realistic physics makes driving or flying vehicles
challenging yet enjoyable.
• Platforming: Jumping, climbing, and balancing rely on physics to feel
natural.
• Physics ensures that game elements behave consistently. If a character
jumps a certain height, they should always reach that height, regardless of
context. Consistent physics prevents unexpected surprises.
• Physics is used in the following ways in game development:
1. Movement and motion

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 2. Collisions
3. Interactions
4. Environmental effects
5. Vehicle simulation and handling in racing games
xii. Physics Engine
• It's a software system that simulates the laws of physics and calculates the
movements and interactions of objects in a game environment.
• Ragdoll physics is a type of physics engine in which characters or objects
are simulated as a collection of rigid bodies connected by joints.
• A physics engine is responsible for solving the equation of motion and for
detecting collisions.
• The following diagram shows a high-level overview of the general
procedure of a physics engine.

Fig. 2.5 Physics Engine

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 Chapter 3
Work Done
Game developed using SFML: PICKING UP SWAG BALLS

The following game was created using SFML, the Simple and Fast Multimedia Library. SFML is a
versatile cross-platform C++ multimedia library specifically crafted for game development and
multimedia applications. Its robust yet accessible API streamlines the handling of graphics, audio, input
events, and window management, catering to the needs of both novices and seasoned developers.

With SFML, developers can effortlessly bring their 2D game ideas to life, thanks to its modular and
object-oriented design principles. Its comprehensive feature set includes hardware-accelerated rendering,
robust audio playback and manipulation tools, support for various image formats, and seamless event
handling for user input.

In the game created using SFML, several fundamental physics concepts were skillfully implemented to
enhance the gameplay experience:

1. Collision Detection: In the game developed with SFML, a pivotal aspect of the gameplay
mechanics is the implementation of collision detection using bounding boxes. Bounding
boxes, simplified geometric shapes that encapsulate the boundaries of game objects,
allow for efficient collision calculations. Through precise collision detection algorithms,
the game reacts dynamically when the player collides with swag balls, triggering
corresponding score increments. This mechanic adds depth and engagement to the
gameplay, rewarding player skill and strategy.

When the player character interacts with swag balls, bounding box collision detection is
employed to detect if their respective bounding boxes intersect. Upon collision, the game
logic triggers a response, such as increasing the player's score. This approach to collision
detection offers a balance between accuracy and computational efficiency, ensuring
smooth gameplay performance even in complex scenes with multiple objects.

By utilizing bounding box collision detection, the game achieves responsive and dynamic
interactions between the player and game elements, enhancing immersion and gameplay
depth. This technique showcases the versatility of SFML in facilitating the
implementation of fundamental physics concepts, empowering developers to create
engaging and polished gaming experiences.

2. Speed Dynamics: As the player progresses further into the game, ingenious speed
dynamics mechanics come into play. The player's size and velocity dynamically adjust,
intensifying the challenge and creating a dynamic and immersive gaming experience.
This mechanic not only escalates the game's difficulty but also adds a layer of
progression and excitement for players.

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By integrating these physics concepts seamlessly into the game mechanics, SFML demonstrates its
capacity to facilitate the implementation of sophisticated and engaging gameplay elements, elevating the
overall gaming experience for players.

The following main function was written , it serves as the entry point for the game application and
orchestrates its execution.

Fig. 3.1 Main function

In the following game a player moves and collides with circular-shaped balls. The game has separate
classes for the player , swag balls and game to organize the logic and make it easier to create multiple
players and balls.

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Fig. 3.2 Game class definition

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Fig. 3.3 Game class definition

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 Fig. 3.4 Game class definition

Fig. 3.5 Swag balls class definition

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Fig. 3.6 Player class definition

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Fig. 3.7 Working of the game

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 Chapter 5
Future Prospects

As I progress through the remainder of my internship, my focus will shift towards delving deeper
into the realm of 3D video game development, particularly through the utilization of Unreal
Engine. This transition marks an exciting phase in my journey, as I anticipate immersing myself
in the intricacies of Unreal Engine's powerful toolset and harnessing its capabilities to craft
immersive and visually stunning gaming experiences.

Within the dynamic landscape of 3D game development, Unreal Engine stands out as a leading
industry-standard tool renowned for its cutting-edge graphics, robust physics engine, and
comprehensive suite of development features. By familiarizing myself with Unreal Engine's
intuitive interface and diverse array of functionalities, I aim to expand my skill set and gain
proficiency in areas such as level design, asset creation, animation, and gameplay scripting.

Moreover, exploring 3D game development opens up a wealth of creative possibilities, enabling

me to bring complex game worlds to life and infuse them with depth, interactivity, and narrative
richness. From crafting intricate environments and dynamic lighting setups to implementing
immersive gameplay mechanics and cinematic sequences, Unreal Engine empowers developers to
push the boundaries of creativity and innovation.

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 References
[1] Marco Messina, James N, James Njuguna, Chrysovalantis Palas, “Mechanical Structural
Design of a MEMS Piezo resistive Accelerometer for Head Injuries monitoring”, 2004.

[2] Park, Woo-Tae & Partridge, Aaron & Candler, Rob & Ayanoor, Vipin & Yama, Gary & Lutz,
Markus & Kenny, Thomas. (2006). Encapsulated Submillimeter Piezoresistive Accelerometers.
Microelectromechanical Systems, Journal of. 15. 507 - 514. 10.1109/JMEMS.2006.876648.

[3] Chang Liu, “Foundation of MEMS”, 2005

[4] C. Yang, B. Hu, L. Lu, Z. Wang, W. Liu, and C. Sun, "A Miniaturized Piezoelectric MEMS
Accelerometer with Polygon Topological Cantilever Structure," Micromachines, vol. 13, p. 1608,
2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101608.

[5] G. S. Abarca-Jiménez, M. A. Reyes-Barranca, S. Mendoza-Acevedo, J. E. Munguía-Cervantes,

and M. A. Alemán-Arce, "Modal analysis of a structure used as a capacitive MEMS accelerometer
sensor," 2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and
Automatic Control (CCE), Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico, 2014, pp. 1-4, doi:
10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978263.

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