2 Types and Patterns of Urban Form

10/20/2010
Basic Urban Design
TYPES AND PATTERNS OF URBAN FORM
1
10/20/2010
URBAN MORPHOLOGY
´ Definition of morphology:
« structure
t t off something's
thi g' parts:
t the
th structure
t t off anything
thi g
made up of interconnected or interdependent parts
´ Urban Morphology
p gy is:
« The study of form and shape of settlement.
« is the study of the form of human settlements and the
process off their
th i formation
f ti and d transformation.
t f ti
« seeks to understand the spatial structure & character
of a metropolitan area, city, town or village by
examining the patterns of its component parts and the
process of its development.
2
10/20/2010
URBAN MORPHOLOGY (CONT…)

´ The key aspects for analysis according to Conzen
(who developed a technique called 'town-plan
town plan
analysis) are :
« The town plan
« Pattern
P tt off building
b ildi forms
f
« Pattern of land use
´ The town p
plan in turn contains three complexes
p of
plan element:
« Streets and their arrangement into a street-system
« Plots (or lots) and their aggregation into street-blocks
street blocks
« Buildings, in the form of the block-plans.
3
10/20/2010
´ Morphology can be seen in terms of

« Typically,
T i ll analysis
l i off physical
h i l fform ffocuses on street
pattern, lot (plot) pattern and building pattern
((structure),
) sometimes referred to collectivelyy as
urban grain.
« The street pattern is the most enduring element.
4
10/20/2010

´ The area focuses on
« how the physical form of a city changes over time
and to how different cities compare to each other.
« Another significant part of this subfield deals with
the
h study
d off the
h social
i l forms
f which
hi h are expressedd iin
the physical layout of a city, and, conversely, how
physical form produces or reproduces various social
forms.
² Thisapproach challenges the common perception of
unplanned environments as chaotic or vaguely organic
th
through
h understanding
d t di the th structures
t t and
d processes
embedded in urbanisation.
5
10/20/2010
CATEGORIES OF CITIES
« Depending on the underlying concepts, the
consideration and setting one can find different
classifications.
² Organic Vs planned
² Linear, Central, Radial, Grid or Cluster
´ But as a more broader and encompassing category,

we have
´ 1 Linear city
´ 2 Grid form
´ 3 Highly Centralized or Inward looking
6
10/20/2010
LINEAR CITY
´ Some of the unplanned development of the

middle ages and can be considered linear
´ Ideal for efficient mass movement
´ Good
G d ventilation
til ti and d sunlight
light
´ Ideal for moderate sized urban areas.
´ Planned
Pl d linear
li cities
iti couldld bbe
« Tony Garnier’s Industrial City
« Soria Ya Mata
7
10/20/2010
LINEAR CITY (CONT…)
´ Soria ya mata – linear

cityy in Madrid suburbs
8
10/20/2010

La Cite Industrielle, Tony
Garnier.
« There was a
separation of the
residential and civic
centers from the
factory.
« A green belt served
p
as a separating g
buffer zone.
« The buffer zone was
traversed by the
high
highway and
d
railroad.
9
10/20/2010
´ Typical pictures of linear industrial towns
10
10/20/2010
GRID FORM
´ The grid can be further understood in four

subcategories.
subcategories
« The grid as a hierarchy of boxes
« The grid as a strict or orthogonal geometrical figure
/grid iron/ checker board
« Directional grid
« Triangular grid
« An informal lace work of paths
11
10/20/2010
GRID FORM (CONT…)
´ Mohenjo-daro (2500BC)
« as an example l off the
h
hierarchy of boxes which
was most common in old
religious cities
12
10/20/2010
GRID FORM (CONT…)
´ Ancient Egypt –
the city of
Akhetaten
13
10/20/2010
GRID FORM (CONT…)
´ A detail plan of
the town of
Timgad, Egypt.
14
10/20/2010
GRID FORM (CONT…)
Street pattern of Aosta Plan lay out of the city of Aosta

´ A city in North Italy during the Roman Period 25 B.C.
´ The city of Aosta was a typical military town
15
10/20/2010
GRID FORM (CONT…)
´ “Broadacres
City”, Zoning
plan
16
10/20/2010
´ Directional grid example

´ The Radiant city concept set by architect Le
Courbusier
17
10/20/2010
HIGHLY CENTRALIZED/ INWARD LOOKING CITIES
´ These types are designs where by the plans are

introvert and most extreme.
extreme
´ The typical plan of such type will be appropriate
for small to moderate population size.
size
´ Applicable in renaissance cities, some new
modern cities like Garden city of Ebenezer
Howard, and some medieval cities.
18
10/20/2010
CENTRALIZED/ INWARD LOOKING (CONT…)
MEDIEVAL TOWN
´ Siena in North Italy
´ Period: Roman,
1050 A.D.
AD
19
10/20/2010
´ Sforzinda design of the

ideal city
´ Region: North Italy
´ Period:
P i d R Renaissance,
i
1450 A. D
20
10/20/2010
´ Palmanouva
Region: North Italy
« Giorgio Martini
« Pietro Cataneo Pietro Cataneo
« Scamozzi
« Francesco Di
Giorgio
´ Period:
renaissance, 1593
A. D. Giorgio Martini
Scamozzi Francesco Di Giorgio
21
10/20/2010
´ The neighborhood
unit as proposed by
Clarence Perry in
1928
22
10/20/2010
´ Ebenezer Howard’s
Howard s the
Garden City (1898):
23
10/20/2010
URBAN DESIGN ERA’S
´ Urban morphology types are also explained and

studied in their change though time.
time This will
lead to the need to understand the history of
urban design and their eras.
´ Throughout one can understand that the
circumstances where each form is used (i.e.(
pure or hybrid) and how each varies depends
on culture, resource, believe, priority, ecology,
economy… and how to be efficient as well.
24
10/20/2010
URBAN DESIGN ERA’S (CONT…)

´ Valley Towns Urban Design and Planning
´ Classical Urban Design and Planning in Greece
and Rome
´ Medieval Urban Design and Planning
´ Renaissance Urban design and Planning
´ Barouque Urban Design and Planning
´ Industrial Urban Design and Planning
´ Contemporary Urban Design and Planning
´ Modern Urban Design and Planning
´ Futuristic Urban Design and Planning
25

2 Types and Patterns of Urban Form

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2 Types and Patterns of Urban Form

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

10/20/2010

Basic Urban Design

TYPES AND PATTERNS OF URBAN FORM

URBAN MORPHOLOGY (CONT…)

URBAN MORPHOLOGY (CONT…)

´ Morphology can be seen in terms of

URBAN MORPHOLOGY (CONT…)

´ But as a more broader and encompassing category,

´ Some of the unplanned development of the

LINEAR CITY (CONT…)

´ Soria ya mata – linear

LINEAR CITY (CONT…)

LINEAR CITY (CONT…)

´ Typical pictures of linear industrial towns

´ The grid can be further understood in four

« An informal lace work of paths

GRID FORM (CONT…)

GRID FORM (CONT…)

GRID FORM (CONT…)

GRID FORM (CONT…)

Street pattern of Aosta Plan lay out of the city of Aosta

´ The city of Aosta was a typical military town

GRID FORM (CONT…)

´ Directional grid example

HIGHLY CENTRALIZED/ INWARD LOOKING CITIES

´ These types are designs where by the plans are

CENTRALIZED/ INWARD LOOKING (CONT…)

CENTRALIZED/ INWARD LOOKING (CONT…)

´ Sforzinda design of the

CENTRALIZED/ INWARD LOOKING (CONT…)

CENTRALIZED/ INWARD LOOKING (CONT…)

CENTRALIZED/ INWARD LOOKING (CONT…)

URBAN DESIGN ERA’S

´ Urban morphology types are also explained and

URBAN DESIGN ERA’S (CONT…)

You might also like