Microbiology and Parasitology Learning Module

Series of 2021 JBD

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Chapter 1
The Science of Microbiology

SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Name: Shekainah Mejia Score: ____________

Level and Section: BSN I-A Date: January 16, 2024

Multiple Choice.

C 1. Which among the following groups of organisms are not considered cells?
a. Bacteria c. Viruses
b. Fungi d. Algae

D 2. Which among the following types of microscopes is used together with computers to
produce a 3-D image and is also useful in the study of cell physiology?
a. Phase-contrast microscope c. Flourescent microscope
b. Scanned-probe microscope d. Confocal microscope

D 3. Which among the following parts of the microscope is used to gather and focus light
onto the specimen?
a. Coarse adjustment c. Eye piece
b. Fine adjustment d. Condenser
c.
A 4. Who among the following scientists made the initial postulates regarding the germ
theory of disease?
a. Louis Pasteur c. Edward Jenner
b. Alexander Fleming d. Rober Koch

A 5. You discovered a new organism and you want to study its molecular and atomic
properties. Which among the following types of microscopes would be suited for this
purpose?
a. Electron microscope c. Scanned-probe microscope
b. Flourescent microscope d. Confocal microscope

B 6. You are given a new slide to study in the laboratory. Which part of the microscope will
you use to put the specimen into general focus?
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Microbiology and Parasitology Learning Module
Series of 2021 JBD
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a. Iris diaphragm c. Objective lenses

b. Coarse Adjustment d. Fine adjustment

C 7. Which among the following classes of culture media is used to isolate fungi?
a. Thayer-Martin agar c. Saboraud dextrose agar
b. Lowenstein-Jensen agar d. Chocolate agar

C 8. Which among the following reagents used in Gram-staining will enhance the uptake
of primary stain?
a. Crystal violet c. 95% alcohol
b. Gram’s iodine d. Safranin

B 9. You culture an organism using blood agar and after 24 hours of incubation, you noted
complete hemolysis of RBC surrounding the colonies. This is classified as what type of
hemolytic reaction?
a. Alpha hemolysis c. Delta hemolysis
b. Beta hemolysis d. Gamma hemolysis
c.
A 10. Which among the following reagents is used as the counterstain in the Ziehl-Neelsen
method of acid-fast staining?
a. Safranin c. Malachite green
b. Carbol fushsin d. Methylene blue

Exercise No. 1

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All rights reserved. No part of this Module maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology.
 Microbiology and Parasitology Learning Module
Series of 2021 JBD
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

The Microscope
Name: Shekainah B. Mejia Date: January 15, 2024
Section: BSN I A Score: __________

A. Label (indicated by Letters) the essential parts of a Simple Microscope

F. Ocular / Eyepiece
A. Coarse Adjustment Knob
B. Fine Adjustment Knob D. Body Tube

C. Arm
G. Objective Lenses
- Low Power Objective
E. Base K. Substage Condenser
- Middle Power Objective
- High Power Objective
I. Iris Diaphragm
H. Mechanical Stage
J. Mirror

B. Complete the table. (Using the table below list down parts of the microscope, describe
each component and indicate its function/s)

Parts of the Microscope Description/Functions

1. Eyepiece / Ocular It is the lens you look through to observe the specimen. It magnifies
the image produced by the objective lens.
2. Objective Lenses These are the multiple lenses attached to a rotating nosepiece. They
- Low Power Objective come in various magnification powers, such as 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x.
- Middle Power Objective These are the primary magnifiers of microscopes.
-High Power Objective
3. Revolving Nosepiece It holds the objective lenses. Its rotation helps to change the power of
the objective lens
4. Mechanical Stage It is a flat platform where you place the specimen for observation.
5. Illuminator / Light Source It is a light source, often located beneath the stage, that provides
illumination for the specimen. It provides light that passes through the
specimen for observation.
6. Iris Diaphragm It adjusts the intensity of illuminating light.
7. Arm It connects the ocular tube and base. It also helps carry the
microscope.

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permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology.
Microbiology and Parasitology Learning Module
Series of 2021 JBD
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8. Base It supports the microscope and ensures stability during observations.

9. Body Tube It holds the eyepiece and connects it to the objective lenses. It
maintains the proper distance between the eyepiece and objectives,
allowing for proper focus and magnification.
10. Coarse Adjustment Knob It moves the stage vertically for rough focusing of the specimen.
11. Fine Adjustment Knob It enables fine adjustments to bring the specimen into clear focus,
especially at higher magnifications.
12. Substage Condenser The condenser is a lens system that focuses light onto the specimen. It
concentrates and directs light onto the specimen, improving image
brightness and sharpness.
13. Stage Clip It keeps the slide with a specimen in place on the stage
14. Body tube It provides a pathway for light to travel from the objective lens or
mirror to the eyepiece. It ensures proper alignment and focus of light
rays, preventing dispersion and aberrations to maintain optical
integrity and deliver clear, magnified observations of specimens or
distant objects.
15. Mirror It directs external light onto the specimen, situated beneath the stage.
Its adjustable angle and intensity facilitate optimal illumination for
observing microscopic details.

A. Fill-In
1. A slide is a glass or plastic rectangle on which the specimen is mounted.
2. A nosepiece is at the base of the body tube, allowing the selection of different
objectives.
3. Below the stage is a high-density illuminator or another light source.
4. Different lens sets or objectives are attached to the revolving nosepiece.
5. If the stage has a bracket that moves the slide, its called a mechanical stage. 6. The
diaphragm allows the user to limit the amount of light from a steady light source.
7. The set of lenses closest to the viewer’s eye is the eyepiece.
8. The condenser is the lens under the stage that concentrates light.

B. MULTIPLE CHOICE
A 1. A microscope _____ the image of the specimen
a. Magnifies c. reduces
b. Reverses d. erases
e. a and b

D 2. The use of ____may make the specimen (or some of its parts) more visible.
a. stain c. fine focus
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All rights reserved. No part of this Module maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology.
 Microbiology and Parasitology Learning Module
Series of 2021 JBD
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

b. the diaphragm d. all of the above

e. none of the above

A 3. If you select a 40x objective to use with a 5x ocular, the total magnification is
a. 200X c. 400X e. none of the above
b. 45x d. 405X

B 4. When you move a specimen to the right, its image appears to:
a. move to the right
b. move to the left
c. remain stationary

B 5. Which is the correct path of light in a compound microscope?

a. lamp, objective, diaphragm, specimen, ocular
b. lamp, diaphragm specimen, objective, ocular
c. diaphragm, lamp, specimen, ocular, objective
d. lamp diaphragm, specimen, ocular, objective

A 6. If your scope is not working properly, consult

a. the lab instructor
b. your lab partner
c. the owner’s manual
d. the manufacturer

B 7. When carrying your microscope, use ____ hand(s)

a. one
b. two

III. Enumerate the different types of Microscopes and their uses. Please provide
picture/s of each type including the appearance of the specimen/s focused under
each microscope type. Please tabulate your answers below:

Type of Picture of specimen

Description Picture Uses focused
Microscope

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All rights reserved. No part of this Module maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology.
 Microbiology and Parasitology Learning Module
Series of 2021 JBD
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Stereo A stereo microscope It is used in

Microscope offers 3D images and manufacturing, quality
magnification (10x - control, science, and
40x) for handheld dissection projects.
samples Provides both
transmitted and
reflected illumination
for various materials.
2. Compound It utilizes visible It is used for observing
Microscope light and lenses to thin sections of
magnify specimens. biological specimens,
It typically has such as cells, tissues,
multiple objective and microorganisms,
lenses and an at
eyepiece for viewing relatively low to
moderate
magnifications.
3. Digital It captures images It offers convenience in
Microscope directly onto a sharing and analyzing
computer, often images, particularly
equipped with useful in education,
integrated software quality control, and
for analysis research that involves
documentation and
sharing.

4. Atomic Force It employs a sharp It allows imaging and

Microscope probe to scan a manipulation of
sample's surface, materials at the atomic
creating topographic level, valuable for
images at the studying surface
nanoscale morphology and
mechanical properties

5. Polarizing It analyzes how It is essential for

Microscope minerals and crystals geology and materials
interact with science, used to
polarized light. identify and study the
properties of
crystalline structures
and anisotropic
materials

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All rights reserved. No part of this Module maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology.
 Microbiology and Parasitology Learning Module
Series of 2021 JBD
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Brightfield It uses visible light to It is commonly used for

Microscope illuminate a observing stained
specimen. It biological samples or
employs a simple specimens with
design where light inherent color.
passes through the However, it may lack
specimen, and the contrast for
structures absorb or transparent or
scatter light, creating unstained samples
contrast.
7. Dark Field It illuminates It highlights the edges
Microscope specimens at an and contours of
angle, producing a specimens, making it
bright image against suitable for observing
a dark background. live and unstained
microorganisms, as
well as motility studies

8. Fluorescence It excites fluorescent It allows researchers to

Microscope dyes in a sample to label and track specific
emit light of components within
different colors, cells and tissues,
enhancing facilitating studies of
visualization of cellular processes and
specific molecules or protein localization.
structures

9. Phase- It converts It enhances the

contrast differences in visibility of transparent
Microscope refractive index specimens, making it
within a transparent particularly useful for
specimen into visible observing live cells and
contrast. unstained biological
samples

_____________________________________________________________________________________
All rights reserved. No part of this Module maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology.
 Microbiology and Parasitology Learning Module
Series of 2021 JBD
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Electron It employs a beam of It enables the

Microscope electrons instead of visualization of sub
light to achieve cellular structures,
extremely high viruses, and other
magnification and nanoscale materials in
resolution. great detail, essential
for advanced research
in various fields.

11. Confocal It uses laser light to It is ideal for studying

Microscope create detailed 3D complex structures and
images by focusing interactions within
on specific planes cells, tissues, and even
within a specimen. whole organisms with
precise spatial
resolution
12. Differential A differential DIC microscopy is
Interference interference valuable for imaging
Microscope microscope live, unstained
enhances contrast specimens, such as
by exploiting the cells, providing
interference of detailed and high-
polarized light. It contrast images with a
uses prisms and pseudo-3D effect
specialized optics to
create a three-
dimensional
appearance of the
specimen.
13. Scanning Unlike optical SPMs are crucial for
Probe microscopes, SPMs imaging surfaces at the
Microscope do not use light. nanoscale, providing
Instead, they use a detailed information
sharp tip that scans about material
the surface of a properties and surface
sample at a very topography. They are
close distance. widely used in
Various types nanotechnology and
include atomic force materials science
microscopes (AFM)
and scanning
tunneling
microscopes (STM)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
All rights reserved. No part of this Module maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology.
Microbiology and Parasitology Learning Module
Series of 2021 JBD
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES

TEXTBOOK
Microbiology and Parasitology, A Textbook and Laboratory Manual for the Health
Sciences, Second Edition by Fe A. Bartolome, MD, FPASMAP, Elizabeth P.
Quiles, MD, FPASMAP
Chapter 1 The Science of Microbiology

15 Microscope Parts | A Guide on their Location and Function. (2018, May 6). Study Read.
https://www.studyread.com/microscope-parts/#:~:text=Microscope%20Parts%20%7C%20A
%20Guide%20on%20their%20Locati
Debopriya Bose. (2018). A Study of the Microscope and its Functions With a Labeled Diagram.
ScienceStruck; ScienceStruck.
‌Different Types of Microscopes & Their Uses | Microscope World. (n.d.).
Www.Microscopeworld.Com. Retrieved March 21, 2020, from
https://www.microscopeworld.com/p-3658-types-of-microscopes.aspx
https://sciencestruck.com/microscope-diagram-functions
‌M, Michelle Jeannite. (2011, May 14). Biology label part of a microscope.
https://www.slideshare.net/marglema9/biology-label-part-of-microscope
‌Team, E. (2020, January 14). Simple Microscope - Parts, Functions, Diagram, and Labelling.
LaboratoryInfo.Com. https://laboratoryinfo.com/simple-microscope-parts/
‌What Is Magnification on a Microscope? (2018). Sciencing.
https://sciencing.com/magnification-microscope-5049708.html

_____________________________________________________________________________________
All rights reserved. No part of this Module maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
permission of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology.