Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur

College Of Engineering, Anantapur 2021-2024

Department Of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

INTERNSHIP
ON
STUDY OF DISTRIBUTION AND MAINTANENCE OF 33/11KV SUB
STATION

Under the External Guidance of Presented by

Mr. G. Nagendra, B. Tech V. R. Meena 20001A0207

Assistant Deputy Executive Engineer, N. Badrinath Reddy 20001A0212

33/11KV Substation, M. Sree Likhitha 20001A0227

Vidyuth Nagar, Y. Preethi Reddy 20001A0258

Ananthapuramu-515004 N. Tharuna Sree 20001A0252

 • OBJECTIVES

• INTRODUCTION

• TYPES OF CONSUMERS

• TARIFF AND TYPES FOR BILLING

CONTENTS: • STEP BY STEP PROCESS TO CALCULATE

ELECTRICITY BILL ONLINE

• EQUIPMENT USED IN 33/11KV

SUBSTATION

• CONCLUSION
OBJECTIVES:
To Learn About :

• To know about working of substations and their distribution

• To learn about working and repairs of transformers

• To know about tariff and their types

• To learn about equipments in substation

 INTRODUCTION
• APSPDCL was formed in April 1, 2000 to serve Krishna, Guntur, Prakasam,
Nellore, Chittoor and Kadapa districts with a vision to become an efficient
utility supplying reliable and quality power, promoting economic development
and being self-reliant commercially.

• APSPDCL is a public sector company that provides electricity to various

districts of Andhra Pradesh.

• It offers online services such as bill payment, new connection of equipment,

complaint registration.

• APSPDCL is present in 9 districts namely Kurnool, Anantapur, Tirupati, Sri

Sathya Sai, Kadapa, Annamayya, Chittoor, Nandyal and Nellore districts. In
Anantapur district, APSPDCL plays a crucial role in meeting the energy needs
of the population, businesses, and industries. It facilitates economic growth by
providing uninterrupted power supply, which is essential for various activities
such as agriculture, manufacturing, healthcare, education, and daily living.
The input feeder is from:

• Bukkarayasamudram 230/132/33KV Substation

The Output feeders are:

• 11KV Sai Nagar

• 11KV Aravind Nagar

• 11KV Ashok Nagar

• 11KV Vidyuth Nagar

• 11KV Ramkrishna Colony

• 11KV Collectorate

• 11KV LRG School

• 11KV JNTU
 • DOMESTIC CONSUMERS

• COMMERCIAL CONSUMERS

TYPES OF • AGRICULTURAL CONSUMERS

CONSUMERS • INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS

• INSTITUTIONAL CONSUMERS
 ➢ Rate at which electrical energy provided for the consumers

➢ Recovery of cost of electrical energy capital investment , generation,

transmission, distribution.

➢ Recovery of suitable profit on capital investment.

Tariff and ▪ Simple tariff or uniform tariff
types for ▪ Maximum demand tariff
billing ▪ Power factor tariff

▪ Flatt rate tariff

▪ Block rate tariff

▪ Three part tariff

Simple Tariff:

It is straight tariff in which the consumer shall be charged at one rate for all the consumption. In this type of
tariff, the per-unit cost is the same for 1 to infinity units.

Block rate Tariff:

In the block rate tariffs, a given block of energy is charged at a specified rate and the succeeding blocks of
energy are charged at progressively reduced rates. In this tariff, the energy consumption is divided into blocks
and rate per unit is fixed in each block.

Flat Rate Tariff:

When different types of consumers are charged at different per-unit rates, it is called a flat-rate tariff. In this type
of tariff, the consumers are grouped into various categories, and each type of consumers is charged at a different
rate.
 Step by Step Process to calculate electricity bill Online
1. Meter reading: Read your electricity meter to note down both the previous month's and current month's readings. Most
modern meters display consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

2. Calculating electricity consumption: Subtract the previous month's reading from the current month's reading to
determine the overall electricity consumption (in kWh).

3. Understanding tariffs: Check your electricity service provider's website or customer care helpline for tariff rates
specific to your area. Tariffs may vary based on consumer type (residential, commercial, or industrial).

4. Energy consumption calculation: Multiply your electricity consumption (in kWh) by the applicable tariff rate per unit.
Formula: Electricity Cost = Electricity Consumption (kWh)*Tariff Rate per unit.

5. Additional charges and taxes: Apart from energy consumption charges, the electricity board levies a fixed service
connection charge every month. These charges apply regardless of your actual electricity usage.
EQUIPMENT USED IN 33/11KV SUBSTATION

A 33kV/11kV substation requires several equipment of the transmission and distribution of electricity.

• Power transformers.

• Circuit breakers

• Lighting arresters.

• CT and PT

• Capacitor banks.

• Control room equipments

Power Transformer

❑ It is very widely used for stepping up and stepping down

the voltage at the electrical power generating station and
distribution station (or substation) respectively.

❑ Power transformer works on the principle of ‘Faraday’s law

of electromagnetic induction’.
 Lightning Arrester

• The lightening arrestor known as a lightning isolator

comes with an air gap between the electrical wire and
ground used on electrical power transmission and
telecommunication systems for protection insulation
and conductors of a system through the effect of
lightening.

• The lightning arrester comes with a high voltage

terminal and ground terminal.
Circuit Breakers:

• A circuit breaker is defined as a switching device that can

be operated manually or automatically for controlling and
protecting an electrical power system.

• It consists of two main contacts: a fixed contact and a

moving contact. The contacts are normally closed and allow
current to flow through the circuit
Current transformer:

• A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer

that is used to reduce or multiply an alternating current
(AC). It produces a current in its secondary which is
proportional to the current in its primary.

• Current transformers supply the protective relays with

currents of magnitude proportional to those of the power
circuit but sufficiently reduced in magnitude.
Potential Transformer

• Voltage transformers (VT), also called potential transformers

(PT), are a parallel-connected type of instrument transformer.

• They are designed to present a negligible load to the supply

being measured and have an accurate voltage ratio and phase
relationship to enable accurate secondary connected metering
CAPACITOR BANKS

• Capacitor bank is used for the improvement of power factor and

reactive power compensation in a substation. As the role of this bank is
very important, it becomes critical to see that the bank is maintained
well. Also, it has to be seen which parameters of this bank should be
specified for installing it into the substation.
 ENERGY METER
Energy meter is an instrument which measures amount of electrical energy
used by the consumers. Utilities install these instruments at every place like
homes, industries, organizations to charge the electricity consumption by loads
such as lights, fans and other appliances.

When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may
measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. “Time of day”
metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage
during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods.

Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding
during peak load periods. Most interesting type are used as prepaid electricity
meters.
CONCLUSION:
Internship experience in the substation provided invaluable insights into the practical
aspects of electrical engineering. Working on real-world projects enhanced my
technical skills and allowed me to apply theoretical knowledge in a professional
setting. We gained a deep understanding of substation operations, equipment, and
safety protocols. Additionally, collaborating with experienced professionals enriched
our problem-solving abilities and communication skills. This internship has
reinforced my passion for the field and prepared me for future challenges in the
electrical engineering industry. The work experiences encountered during the
internship allowed to develop communication and practical knowledge.