Drilling & Exploration

DRILLING & EXPLORATION
COMPANY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXPLORATION DRILLING BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .............................................................................37

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ..............................................................................................38
HSE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................................................................39
LIFE SAVING RULES ...............................................................................................................................................41
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................................................42
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................................................................................43
EXPLORATION DRILLING PROCESS .....................................................................................................................45
SITE AND DRILL PAD PREPARATION ....................................................................................................................47
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DRILLING HAZARDS ...............................................................................................................................................49

ROTATING HAZARDS .........................................................................................................................................49
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS .......................................................................................................................................51
COMPRESSED AIR HAZARDS............................................................................................................................53
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ..............................................................................................................................54
MANUAL TASKS ..................................................................................................................................................61
WORKING AT HEIGHT ........................................................................................................................................66
NOISE ..................................................................................................................................................................67
DUST....................................................................................................................................................................69
FALLING OBJECTS .............................................................................................................................................71
HOUSEKEEPING .................................................................................................................................................73
LIGHT VEHICLE MOVEMENT..............................................................................................................................74
HEAVY VEHICLE MOVEMENT ............................................................................................................................75
EXTREME WEATHER AND FIRES ......................................................................................................................76
WORKING IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS ..................................................................................................................80
REMOTENESS OF EXPLORATION .....................................................................................................................82
HAZARDS OF NATURE .......................................................................................................................................84
INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT...................................................................................................................92
LIGHT POLLUTION PREVENTION/REDUCTION ................................................................................................93
DRILL SITE REPARATION AND RECLAMATION ....................................................................................................93
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................95
EMERGENCY RESPONSE ..................................................................................................................................97
VEHICLE SAFETY MANAGEMENT POLICY ......................................................................................................... 101
DRUG AND ALCOHOL POLICY ............................................................................................................................. 104
SIGNAGE ............................................................................................................................................................... 105
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EXPLORATION DRILLING BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Safe is not a priority, it’s a PRECONDITION …SAFETY FIRST!!!
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HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

Drilling and Exploration Company provide unique world class contract mining services that include exploration drilling
and associated functions. As management and employees of the company, we are committed to conducting our
operations; activities and services in a safe, healthy, and sustainable manner in order to prevent work-related injury
and ill health of employees and contractors; property damage and negative environmental impacts.
Drilling and Exploration Co. Aims to:
1.1. Build and maintain a business culture of responsibility and accountability at all levels of operation in which
human; material; financial; and environmental losses are prevented or kept as low as acceptable.
1.2. Comply with all applicable legislation and other requirements/best practice standards that regulate our business
activities.
1.3. Establish programs to minimise our environmental footprint, personal injury, ill health and continually improve
our process to prevent personal injury; conserve resources as well as
To achieve these objectives, the company and employees will:
2.1. Conduct thorough risk assessments to identify, control and monitor hazards associated and or arising from daily
activities and long term operations.
2.2. Adopt and incorporate international Health; Safety and Environmental management techniques management
system and culture.
2.3. Train and empower all employees and contractors to be responsible and accountable for their safety and health
as well as conserving resources and company property.
2.4. Ensure the effective participation and involvement of employees and contractors or their representatives in all
OH&S issues through their constant consultation and engagement
2.5. Line managers and supervisors take full responsibility and lead by example enforcing all safety standards and
sustainable development principles in their areas of operation.
2.6. Engage with all our employees and stakeholders and ensure they are informed of their responsibility in relation to
this policy to ensure compliance with the highest safety, health, and environmental standards in mining industry.
Signed
MANAGING DIRECTOR
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HSE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

HSE Manager/Supervisor
 Establish and communicate safety rules and standards to all employees and contractors.
 Provide appropriate resources, tools, and training for employees.
 Conduct and document safety meetings.
 Correct unsafe acts and conditions promptly.
 Conduct routine safety and environmental inspections and tours.

 Maintain facility emergency plans and conduct regular emergency drills.
 Investigate injuries, spills, and other incidents and promptly provide corrective actions.
 Review organization and employee safety performance periodically and provide feedback.
Supervisor Responsibilities
 Works in the safe manner and with the protective devices, clothing.
 Enforces HSE measures and procedures which ensure the protection of the worker’s
 Uses the equipment, protective devices or clothing that the employer has provided.
 Reports and investigates accidents and identifies potential hazards which may affect
the safety and health of the workers
 To be advised of the existence of any potential or actual danger to the safety

and health of the worker
 To be provided with instructions in writing or any other manner the measures and procedures to be
taken for his protection
 Takes every precaution necessary in the circumstances for his protection as a worker through prevent lingering
unsafe or unhealthful workplace conditions or hazards.
Employee Responsibilities
 Comply with applicable rules, standards, and safe work practices.
 Communicate safety rules and standards to contractors and coworkers.
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 Maintain knowledge of safety requirements, including emergency response action.
 Participate in safety meetings.
 Operate, inspect, and maintain facilities in a safe condition.
 Report injuries, spills, unsafe conditions, near misses, and incidents

immediately.
 Assist in incident investigations as necessary.
Sub- Contractor Responsibilities

 Ensure that contractor employees and their subcontractors are properly inducted and trained in safety rules and
are competent in their craft or skill.
 Comply with all Drilling & Exploration Co. rules, policies, and procedures.
 Report injuries, spills, unsafe acts and conditions, near misses, and incidents
immediately.
 Operate equipment only with proper authorization and certification.
 Hold pre-job meetings, toolbox talks and other safety meetings during the job.
 Assist in incident investigations as necessary.
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LIFE SAVING RULES
Permit to Work
Confined Spaces
Working at Heights
Safe Mechanical Lifting
Energy Isolation
Fit for Work
Hot Work
Mobile Equipment use and Driving
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Exploration drilling constitute significant environmental footprint in most mining operations. It falls within our
responsibility to ensure business practices that ensure all our operations meet or exceed client policies, federal and
state environmental laws and regulations.
Drilling and Exploration Co. HSE policy and Environmental Management Plan seeks to ensure that compliance with
regards to environmental management is met without compromise. Localized standard operating procedures (SOPs)
which incorporate environmental consideration will be in place and enforced to ensure every member of our team meet
the required standard. Routine inspections, audits and statutory inspections will be done consistently to ensure
continual improvement. To demonstrate our commitment and communicate our policy the Environmental Policy will be
posted conspicuously on the outside of all drill site.
Site layout and housekeeping at all drill sites shall be laid out in a manner that aligns to Drilling & Exploration Co.
policies and objectives of reducing, minimizing or eliminating environmental impacts as well as achieving zero injuries
on the job. Each drill site layout shall follow the guidelines set forth in the respective environmental plan.
Housekeeping and site organization will comply with the following terms:
 All equipment, tools and supplies will be kept where they belong.
 All walking and working surfaces will be kept clean and free of debris.
 Drill site to be clearly demarcated and to be setup in a way that utilize the minimum area possible.
Drilling & Exploration Co. Ecological foot print
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SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
All workplaces are required to have safe systems of work so that workers can carry out their work safely Our HSE
policy strongly emphasises the need to provide employees with instruction, information and training necessary to
ensure their health and safety. As part of our commitment and demonstration of commitment to advancing and
continually improve our safety and health performance we ensure that the managers, supervisors, drillers and other
support staff are competent and adequately equipped for their functions.
Providing employees with health and safety information and training reduces the chance of them suffering injuries or
ill health. It helps them acquire the skills, knowledge and attitude to make them competent in the safety and health
aspects of their work. Provision of information, training and increased worker participation is an essential component
of our risk management strategy which seeks to instil a positive health and safety culture.
The crew should be provided with information necessary to complete tasks safely. This may include:
Manuals (OEMs)
The operation’s policies, work procedures and plans
The hazards and risks within the workplace.
The hazards and risks affecting specific tasks or operations carried out by the person.
The control measures in place to minimise exposure to these risks.
Information and instructions on the job to be carried out and how to work safely.
Measures to be taken in an emergency.
Training means showing a person the correct method of doing a task and making sure that he can carry out the task
correctly and safely. It can be formal, mandatory training such as the BIM 3 day Basic Safety Training Course or
informal on the job training such as showing a person the correct method of doing a job, pointing out dangers and
ensuring that the person understands and can do the job safely. All crew shall be trained in safe work practices. This
may include training in the safe use of equipment, safe work practices for the task at hand.
Work practices and the effectiveness of any training provided should be monitored. Where unsafe work practices are
detected and safety, health and environmental protection measures are not being followed by any member of the crew,
the work or activity should be stopped until corrective action has been taken and safety controls are fully complied
with. New crew members require extra supervision hence should work under direct supervision of the competent
person in charge of the task.
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The habitual and judicious use of communication, knowledge, technical skills, clinical reasoning, emotions, values,
and reflections by line managers and supervisors in daily practice will work to the benefit of the employees involved
and the company at large. As this fosters a culture of openness, responsibility and accountability when it comes to
safety issues.
The senior drillers and supervisors are responsible for the quantity and quality of the output of others and they
contribute to the development of technical solutions to non-routine problems. Supervision of drilling operations includes
managing assigned work areas and crews, communicating regularly with others, diagnosing and solving routine and
non-routine problems, controlling work programs to ensure objectives are met, and maintaining operating records.
Senior drillers and supervisors ensure a safe workplace by:
• Confirming that workers are trained and competent for the task undertaken
• Providing clear work instructions
• Inspecting and monitoring workplace conditions
• Continuously evaluating worker performance and correcting unsafe acts
• Reporting and rectifying hazards
• Assuring implementation of the company’s safety systems
• Demanding compliance with safety rules and procedures.
To ensure efficiency and effectiveness supervisor(s) spend most of their time in the workplace engaged with the
workforce conducting meaningful observations, consultation and interventions. The supervisory or team leader role
entitles a great responsibility and involves the application of a range of new skills. Much of the additional responsibility
comes down to managing people, and to do this successfully it requires a comprehensive range of workplace
communication skills. As Drilling & Exploration we equip our supervisors with the appropriate training and resources
to ensure they discharge their duties to the best of their abilities.
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EXPLORATION DRILLING PROCESS

This mostly involve the obtaining a sample of subsurface soils or bedrock for mineral exploration purposes is primarily
accomplished by drilling processes namely wireline core, sonic or reverse circular This drilling process make use of
drill rigs whose models and types vary from truck mounted, skid or tracked drill rig along with support equipment, such
as water trucks, field vehicles, compressors and generators. Commonly diamond core drilling and reverse circulation
drilling are used but other methods, like sonic drilling, auger and air drilling, are also used, depending on sampling
goals.
The land use for drilling is a temporary activity that is highly regulated, and the land is reclaimed after drilling. All
exploratory drilling is regulated under numerous legislation depending on the location and land use.
As Drilling and Exploration Co. we engage in the following drilling services.
Wireline/ Diamond core drilling process

Diamond core drilling uses a diamond bit, which rotates The typical drilling operation comprises a trackless or
at the end of a drill rod (or pipe). The diamond bit is truck-mounted rig, support truck to carry items such as
rotated with gentle pressure and lubricated with drill the rods, casing, fuel and water, and a 4-WD field
mud/water to prevent overheating. vehicle.
The opening at the end of the diamond bit allows a solid The drill core is stored in specially designed core boxes
column of rock to move up into the core barrel. containing compartments to hold sections of the core.
The drill core is then logged and analyzed by a
Core samples are periodically recovered by lowering a
geologist.
drill string with an overshot down attaching it to the
latching mechanism on the core barrel, and winching it
to the surface. The inner barrel is fitted with a core lifter
mechanism to prevent core from dropping out during
recovery.
Most drill rods are 3 meter/ 10 feet long. After the first
10 feet are drilled, a new section of pipe is screwed into
the top end so the combination of pipes can be drilled
deeper into the ground. Drilling depths greater than
2,500 m can be achieved with diamond core drilling.
The driller adjusts rotation speed, pressure and water
circulation for different rock types and drilling
conditions. The rock formations and depth determine
penetration speed, and the time involved in retrieving
core at depth.
Under average conditions, the diamond drilling rig can
produce an average 50 to 70 m of core per shift, with
samples having a very high integrity.
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Reverse Circulation Drilling

In reverse circular drilling, the drill cuttings are opening at the bottom and are collected in a
returned to surface inside the rods. The drilling sample bag.
mechanism is a pneumatic reciprocating piston,
Although RC drilling is air-powered, water may
known as a ‘hammer,’ driving a tungsten-steel
be injected when collaring a new hole, to reduce
drill bit.
dust, and to assist in lifting cuttings to the
Reverse circulation drilling produces dry rock surface. In the latter case, an additive known as
chips and sample extraction is achieved by super foam is mixed with water and pumped
blowing air down the rods from large air down the rod string. This mixture makes sandy
compressors drying the rock out ahead of the cuttings adhere to each other and increases
advancing drill bit. sample recovery.
The differential pressure creates air lift of the RC rigs are usually accompanied by a support
water and cuttings up the ‘inner tube,’ which is vehicle and an auxiliary vehicle, normally trucks.
inside each rod. It reaches the ‘diverter’ at the The support vehicles carries diesel, water and
top of the hole, then moves through a sample maintenance supplies; the auxiliary vehicle
hose, which is attached to the top of the usually carries an auxiliary compressor and
‘cyclone.’ The drill cuttings travel around the booster compressor
inside of the cyclone until they fall through an
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SITE AND DRILL PAD PREPARATION

Site preparation
1. The exploration area shall be surveyed and 7. A traffic management system for the camp
hazardous ground conditions delineated. and work sites, including designated parking
areas and escape routes shall be made
2. Overhead powerlines, vegetation,
available to all sites.
underground services and other
obstructions shall be been clearly identified. 8. Safety and warning signs shall be posted at
the work site. All signs to be clear, legible
3. The camp shall be sited in the best possible
and appropriately located.
way to reduce exposure of the environment
to drilling hazards. 9. Driller to ensure the prepared ground or

constructed pad is level and stable.
4. The storage facilities, and shelter and
ablution amenities shall be designed and 10. Walkways around the drill site shall be clear
located such they have minimum of obstacles.
environmental aspect while offering reduce
11. Where required, edge protection is in place
exposure to drilling hazards. Ensure
for the drill site in form of barricade.
hygienic conditions are maintained.
12. The drill rig and service vehicles are to be
5. Access routes to the drill site are clearly
positioned and set-up to minimise exposure
marked
6. Access tracks to the camp and work sites
shall be suitable for drilling support and
emergency vehicle access.
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LAND USE
Drilling represents a temporary use of the land, and sites are to be restored after drilling is complete. Due
to the nature of land disturbance Exploration drilling is a highly regulated activity and most regulations
aim at protecting the natural resources, especially ground water and the fauna. Drilling & Exploration
seeks to comply with these regulations and is devoted to practices that reduce, eliminate or minimize
impacts from our drilling operations.
In addition to state, federal and local regulations, landowners where drilling takes place have regulations
and requirements based on the use of the land. Most clients both private and public, require that an
operations plan be submitted and approved prior to commencing drilling to ensure compliance.
In order to ensure our environmental footprint is kept on the minimum Land use for our drilling will may
include:
 Operation Environmental plans that fulfill the  The duration of drilling generally depends on
legal and other requirements must be the depth of the hole. The deeper the hole the
submitted to the client and landowner for longer the time taken at one site.
approval before any project can be done
 Drill roads and drill sites are intended to be
 Drilling shall not be conducted inside temporary uses of the land. The clearing of
developed recreation sites, including animal trees and vegetation is to minimized, erosion
conservancies unless due process and controls used, and disturbed areas restored
permits are issued. after drilling is complete.
 Known occurrences of sensitive species or  In the case that the drill site access roads
habitat will be avoided. used are not intended for public access,
measures to control access shall be
 Road construction to access drill sites is
implemented during drilling, and roads are
minimized to the lesser extent possible, and
decommissioned and blocked after drilling is
existing trails are used, if available.
complete
 Total site area shall be generally about ¼ acre
in size at most.
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 Sumps shall be constructed to contain all

drilling fluids and are barricaded to prevent
inadvertent access
DRILLING HAZARDS
Drilling in any environment is a high risk activity but mineral exploration which is usually done in remote
locations and sensitive locations which presents additional risk factors. This section provides to assist in
the identification of hazards and risk factors associated with our drilling operations, from the driller’s
offside to the managing director, and addresses hazards associated with our drilling methods in
exploration projects.
ROTATING HAZARDS
Serious and fatal injuries have resulted from entanglement or entrapment of personnel working close to
rotating and moving parts on drill rigs.
People have also received eye and other injuries after being struck by projectiles ejected during
maintenance or repair work, such as bit sharpening.
Contact with equipment such as grinders and chainsaws can lead to abrasive, friction or cutting injuries.
Rotating and moving parts associated with drill rigs include:
• Drill rods, drill strings and rod handlers • Cyclones, splitters, vehicle-mounted
cranes and knife valves
• Drill head
• Sprockets, chains, pulleys (sheaves)
• Drill mast
and drive shafts
• Drive shafts
• Fan blades
• Winch drums
• Pump drive shafts
Assessing the risks

Direct risk factors
 Exposure to rotating or moving parts

Contributing risk factors
 Inadequate or lack of safeguarding
 Necessity to remove guarding to access parts for operational and maintenance tasks
 Proximity of personnel to rotating or moving parts
 Disregard or lack of policies and procedures relating to controls or isolation of rotating or moving
parts
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Rating severity of the risk
 Exposure to these hazards can vary from mild to fatal or extreme consequences, including
amputation, scalping and fatality
Risk controls
The important aspect is to ensure all personnel who may be exposed to these hazards receive adequate
information, instruction and training to reduce the risk of injury. Senior drillers and supervisors must
ensure that personnel are competent for the assigned job, understand the hazards and job requirements,
and follow the established procedures.
• Conducting audits of drilling operations to ensure that all practical measures have been taken to
control risk associated with rotating and moving parts.
• Conduct a risk assessment to identify priorities for replacing, modifying or installing guarding.
• Develop an action plan with due dates and responsibilities for the replacement, modification or
installation of guarding.
• Do not rotate drill rods without guarding in place or a safe system of work (e.g. isolation protocols,
cut-out or interlock devices).
• A competent person should regularly review drilling operations to ensure the adequacy of
guarding and systems of work.
• At least two emergency stops for the drill rig and test them regularly. One should be located at
the rig control panel and at least one other at a location that is easily accessible during operation.
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HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
Hydraulic systems use fluid under high pressure. Although not as dangerous as compressed air, the risks
associated with hydraulic systems should not be underestimated. The potential hazards arising from the
use of hydraulic fluids are pressure, temperature, flammability and toxicity. For example, in atomized
form, such as a high-pressure pinhole leak, hydraulic fluid can readily ignite, causing a flash fire with a
substantial fireball.
Serious and fatal injuries have resulted from exposure to any one or a combination of these hazards.
Hydraulic systems comprise:
 Hydraulic pumps  Tubes, pipes and hoses

 Fluid reservoirs  Control valves.
 Hydraulic cylinders
Assessing the risks
Direct risk factors  Contributing risk factors
 Hoses, couplings and oil lines that are not
 Uncontrolled release of hydraulic fluids at
suitable for the hydraulic system
high pressure and/or temperature
 Integrity of hoses, couplings, seals and oil
 Flammability of hydraulic fluid lines
 Absence or inadequacy of hose couplings
 Toxicity of hydraulic fluid
and fittings
 Exposure to hot hydraulic components  Failure to relieve accumulated energy (i.e.
pressure) from a hydraulic circuit
 Movement associated with depressurisation
of hydraulic system
 Proximity of an ignition source
 Proximity of personnel
 Injection under the skin resulting in open wounds and infection
 Burns and injuries from fires or explosions
 Burns and injuries when opening a pressurised system
 Thermal burns from contact with hot equipment
 Eye injuries from exposure to hydraulic oil under pressure

Risk controls
Hoses, couplings, seals and hydraulic lines are to be rated for the hydraulic system in use.
To minimise wear of hoses, reduce sharp edges or use shielding (e.g. rubber wrapping).
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At least two emergency stops on the drill rig and tested regularly. One should be located at the control
panel and at least one other at a location that is easily accessible during operation.
To prevent ignition of hydraulic fluids released by component failure, guard or configure hoses and lines
to minimise interaction with hot components or electrical sources.
To assess the integrity and monitor wear of hoses, couplings and fittings a competent person must
regularly check the hydraulic system, and take immediate corrective action where necessary.
Never use hands or fingers to search for or confirm hydraulic leaks. Gloves do not protect against this
injection hazard.
During depressurisation of hydraulic systems, ensure personnel are clear of moving parts or restraints
are in place to prevent unexpected movement.
Implement preventative maintenance programs for hydraulic systems.
Before performing any maintenance or repairs, ensure pressure is released from the hydraulic system
or implement isolation procedures for stored energy.
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION
 To guard against environmental contamination from leaking hydraulic system containment liners of
rubber, plastic or other material that can effectively capture or contain any hydrocarbon leaks will be
placed under all drill rigs.
 The liner will be maintained in good condition, free of tears or other conditions that could negatively
impact its ability to act as a barrier.
 Supervisors and drillers will periodically inspect rig liners for condition and evidence of leaks.
 In case of a release onto a liner, crew members will immediately clean the release and properly
dispose of the released product and any cleanup materials.

 Spill Kits are readily available to use for clean-up purposes.
COMPRESSED AIR HAZARDS

Compressed air is by far the most dangerous of all fluids used in the drilling industry. A given volume of
air can be reduced by compression. Once compressed, the smaller volume of air can be likened to a
compressed spring; that is, it has the energy to return to its pre-compressed state if released. For
example, debris from blown hoses can travel at speeds such that there is no time to react. Uncontrolled
release of stored energy can be lethal.
Drill Rig Compressed air systems can comprise:
 Compressors and associated hoses

 Compressor boosters
 Sample hoes
 Sample cyclones
 Drill rods, bits and hammers
 Air hoses used for cleaning
Assessing the risks
Direct risk factors
Uncontrolled release of air at high pressure
 Hoses, couplings and air lines that are not suitable for the compressed air system
 Integrity of hoses, couplings, seals and air lines
 Blockages within the compressed air system
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 Absence or inadequacy of hose restraints
 Material in the air stream
 Proximity of personnel
 Misuse of compressed air

Exposure to this hazard can have extreme consequences, including being struck by unrestrained hoses
or ejected objects, injection of air into the body (embolism) and eye injuries.
Risk controls
Hoses, couplings, seals and air lines are appropriately rated for the compressed air system being used.
At least two emergency stops on the drill rig and test them regularly. One located at the control panel
and at least one other at a location that is easily accessible during operation.
Emergency stop for each compressor unit and tested regularly.
To shut off or redirect the air supply in the event of a hose or coupling failure or blockage; consider using
shut-off and relief valves in compressed air lines.
To assess the integrity and monitor wear of hoses, couplings and fittings, a competent person must
regularly check the compressed air system, and take immediate corrective action where necessary. Air
receivers must be regularly inspected and certified as complying with regulatory requirements.
To prevent uncontrolled movement if a hose or coupling fails, fit-for-purpose restraining devices, such as
chains, slings, full-length hose stockings and whip checks, are installed on compressed air hoses. The
anchor points for restraining devices must be appropriately rated and fit-for-purpose.
Procedures for the safe removal of blockages in compressed air systems.

Preventative maintenance programs for compressed air systems.
Before performing any maintenance or repairs, ensure pressure is released from the compressed air
system, or implement isolation procedures for stored energy.
To eliminate the risk of air injection; the use air hoses to clean personnel is prohibited.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Spill and leaks of flammable and combustible substances present a fire hazard. Exposure to
hydrocarbons may result in dermatitis and other illnesses. Contact with acids can cause chemical burns.
Spilt or leaking oil and fuel can present a slip hazard to employees. Split hydrocarbons can also attract
dirt and dust from the drilling operation, which makes detection and monitoring of leaks difficult.
The hazardous substances and dangerous goods most commonly used in drilling operations are:
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 Diesel  Oils
 Petrol  Grease.
 Acids
Assessing the risks

Direct risk factors Contributing risk factors
 Dangerous materials  Transport, storage and handling

 Flammability of substance  Integrity of hoses, couplings, seals and

lines
 Toxicity of substance
 Proximity of an ignition source
 Corrosivity of substance
 Low friction coefficient (slipperiness) of

substance
 Exposure to these hazards can have serious consequences, including:
 Burns and injuries from fires, explosions or spills
 Loss of equipment from fires or explosions
 Health effects from skin contact, inhalation or ingestion.

Risk controls
 Ensure the dangerous goods inventory is maintained and reviewed regularly, and reduced where
practicable.
 Ensure current safety data sheets (SDSs) are available for all products used on site, and control
and response measures are implemented as necessary.
 To assess the integrity and monitor wear of containers, hoses, couplings and fittings, a competent
person should regularly check all storage and handling systems.
 Implement procedures for the safe transfer of hydrocarbons and chemical substances.
 To avoid overfilling, never allow dangerous goods to be transferred unattended.
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 Ensure the automatic fire suppression system on the drill rig in functional always, and provide
appropriate and adequate firefighting equipment where flammable substances are used
elsewhere on site.
 Implement preventative maintenance programs for all flammable substances systems.
 Clean up all spills of hazardous substances or dangerous goods and dispose of cleaning aids
(e.g. absorption pads).
 Personnel should use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid contact when
handling hazardous substances or dangerous goods.
 On-site storage of hazardous products shall be kept to the minimum quantity required for efficient
production.
 Refueling shall be done from fuel tanker truck only. Use of drums and containers not allowed.
 All such products such as chemicals additives and petroleum products shall be stored in their
original container or in a container that is clearly labeled as to the contents within secondary
containment.
 Secondary containment containers shall be made available and such containers shall be able to
contain up to 110 % of product primary container volume i.e. banding and use of drip trays etc.
 Secondary containers which is external to and separate from the primary containment will be
managed to prevent accumulation of precipitation and leakages.
On-site storage of hydrocarbons
 Used petroleum products will not be stored at the drill site.
 They should be placed in their original container and labeled ‘used oil’ or in other containers that are
appropriately labeled ‘used oil’ and will be timely transported from the drill site to a designated storage
area at the project laydown area.
 The designated storage area will be protected from precipitation and other weather-related elements
and will be lined by a material that is impervious to used oil and other petroleum products to contain
an accidental spill or leak.
 Use self-bunded containers, bunded pallets or portable bunds for hazardous substances or
dangerous goods.
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Transport and disposal of used petroleum products

 Used petroleum products and other used items, such as filters, containers and products (petroleum
and nonpetroleum) will be transported from the designated storage area and properly disposed of at
the approved disposal facilities.
 Licensed dealers will be engaged for disposal of recyclable or usable products.
Drilling fluids and additives
 Drilling fluids and additives will comply with the requirements of Environmental regulations that apply
to the clients and the local authorities.
 Water used for drilling or sealing an exploratory boring will come from a potable water system, an
exploratory boring done for that purpose or surface water bodies.
 Water from surface water bodies will be used only if the exploratory boring is located in a remote
area where a potable water source is not available and the water is to be disinfected by mixing
sufficient chlorine so that after a minimum 30-minute contact time chlorine residual exists.
 Surface water used for drilling will contain a free chlorine residual at all times.
 Surface water will be conveyed in clean and sanitary tanks and water lined.
 Drilling additives will meet the requirements of the International Standards e.g. NSF/ANSI Standard
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 Copies of safety data sheets (SDSs) for drill additives will be maintained in locations readily available
to emergency responders or regulatory officials and employees.
Drill Cuttings management
 Drill cuttings will be managed in an environmentally acceptable manner in accordance with
regulations:
 Recirculation pits or in-ground sumps will be constructed to contain drilling mud, cuttings, and
treatment chemicals and discharged water from the drilling process.
 Drill cuttings recirculation tanks that capture cuttings for disposition are to be made available for
use. Recirculation tanks will also be required where sumps cannot be constructed, such as in
bedrock.
 Drill cutting and fluids are not to be released into waterways under any circumstances.
 Only acceptable techniques which include dug sumps, tanks and other settling or filtration devices
designed specifically for cuttings management.
 Drill cuttings and additives will be allowed to sufficiently settle out of the drill water prior to backfilling
the sump.
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 At the conclusion of drilling, sumps will be backfilled with clean soil materials, leveled and graded.
SPILL PREVENTION
Drilling operations spillages have the potential to disturb more than one acre area coverage when
released uncontrolled. Drilling & Exploration Co. will take the following precautions to avoid regulated
substances from uncontrolled discharge entering storm water runoff:
 Each drill site will have a Spill kit which will  No washing or rinsing of fueling areas with
contain materials to assist in spill cleanup, water
including absorbent pads, booms for  Provide training and information on spill-
containing spills and heavy-duty protective response procedures.

gloves.  Perform regular preventive maintenance on
 Field employees and supervisors will Drill Rigs and this will include tanks and fuel
inspect pumps, cylinders, hoses, valves, lines.
couplings and motors for damage or  Train employees about proper waste and
deterioration daily. tank management.
 Field employees and supervisors will  Post signs or provide information on spill
regularly check the temperature of the prevention and cleanup methods.
hydraulic fluid during operation.  One designated employee (HSE Rep) will
 Stored containers and drums with all maintain records, conduct inspections for
petroleum products must be lined compliance and oversee practices and
underneath or enclosed on double training.
containment systems.  Used batteries will not be stored at drill sites.
 Topping off fuel tanks from drums and Temporary used battery storage in the
container is not encouraged. This may laydown area will consist of covered
cause spills by overfilling. secondary containment.
SPILL MANAGEMENT
As noted in the spill prevention section, multiple steps and precautions are taken to prevent spills of
regulated hazardous substances and these steps have proven effective in preventing spills. However,
there is need to identify the practices and put in place systems should a spill occur and what measures
can be taken to clean up the spill.
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Spill cleanup
Spills have the potential to cause severe environmental damage. All spills must be treated with great care
and dealt with promptly to minimize the possibility of a spill becoming a major issue. Spills will be cleaned
up according to guidelines set forth by the client, legal and other requirements such as international
standards.
Major spills will be notified to the client and responsible authorities’ and cleanup begins immediately and
extra recommendations given will be complied with.
Materials that require cleanup include, but are not limited to, hydraulic oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, grease,
solvents and antifreeze.
If a spill occurs, these basic steps will be followed:
 Stop all work operations.  Block entry into waterways and wetlands
 Control any potential sources of ignition. and contain the spill with berms made of
 Follow specific safety warnings and use earth or other barriers.
appropriate personal protection equipment.  Remove spills with absorbent pads.
Consult the Safety Data Sheet.  Place absorbent pads and contaminated
 Stop the source of the spill, if you can do so soil, and vegetation, in the spill kit drum for
safely. proper disposal. All used spill kit drums shall
 Contain the spilled material. Dirt, sand or be properly labeled.
any semi-impermeable material may be  Make every effort to avoid disturbing
used to create a containment structure to vegetation and contain the spill from further
prevent the material from flowing. spread.
 Do not flush the spilled material into  Spill kits will be available at all drill sites.
waterways or wetlands.
A spill response plan will be posted in all drills or drill shacks. The project supervisor, supervisors and
field employees of drilling contractors are responsible for understanding the spill response plan and
ensuring the guidelines are strictly followed.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

 Solid waste on site will be collected in designated trash receptacles/ bins.
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 Large solid waste volumes should not be accumulated on site; it will be properly disposed of.
 All used and unused oil, hydraulic fluid, solvents, fuel, antifreeze, etc. will be stored in sealed
containers labeled to identify the contents.
 The sealed containers will be stored in secondary containment that is adequately covered to
protect against the weather.
 It is the responsibility of the crew members to regularly dispose of the used regulated substances
and will maintain records regarding disposition of such substances.
 Drilling & Exploration Co. will have portable sanitary facilities for employees at drill sites and
manage sanitary waste from portable sanitary facilities according to applicable regulations,
unless other arrangements are available
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MANUAL TASKS
Manual tasks undertaken during drilling operations mostly by offsiders include physical work such as
lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, carrying, moving, holding or restraining anything. More often the tasks
include work with repetitive actions (e.g. pulling out of rods), sustained postures (e.g.) and concurrent
exposure to vibration (mainly for the driller).
Hazardous manual tasks can lead to musculoskeletal disorders which include but not limited to:
 Acute injuries, where a single exposure to high force results in sudden damage to the
musculoskeletal system
 Chronic injuries resulting from cumulative wear and tear on the musculoskeletal system, and caused
by repeated or prolonged exposure to lower levels of force.

Hazardous manual tasks on a drill rig include:
 Rod handling  Carrying loads while changing levels or

 Sample handling twisting
 Use of hand tools  Clearing drill sites
 Moving fittings, core trays, and fuel and  Tyre changing
oil drums  Tyre repairs, including use of split rims.
Assessing the risks
Direct risk factors
 Postures and movements of worker
 Forces (exertion) involved in tasks
 Duration and frequency of task
Indirect risk factors
 Work environment
 Systems of work, work organisation and work practices
 Exposure to vibration

The risk of developing a musculoskeletal disorder significantly increases where there is more than one
risk factor present in the task. Non-engineered modification of tooling (e.g. cut-down pipe wrench used
on break-out systems) can increase the risk of injury.
Risk controls
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 Eliminate or mitigate hazardous manual tasks associated with drilling activities (e.g. use automated
drill-rod handling systems, break-out systems and sample splitters).
 Eliminate the use of non-engineered, modified tooling.
 Review the nature of loads and how they are handled (e.g. use of mechanical aids or assistive
devices), and address as necessary.
 Review the hazards associated with hand tools, plant and equipment used during manual tasks, and
address as necessary.
 Review the hazards associated with tyre changing and repairs, and address as necessary.
 Review the hazards from exposure to repetitive tasks or vibration, and address as necessary.
 Incorporate ergonomic specifications in purchasing procedures.
 Plan the site to allow for orderly movement of personnel, equipment and materials.
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Manual Lifting
Most back injuries at drill site are caused by negligence or violation of basic safe lifting rules. You can
prevent a painful back injury if you first assume a squatting position. Keep the object close to your body
and raise the object by straightening your legs. Get help when needed
To minimize the likelihood of a back injury when lifting materials, the following steps should be taken:
1. Plan ahead before lifting. Know what you're doing and where you're going to help prevent you
from making awkward movements or turning awkwardly while holding heavy object. Assess the
weight before lifting. Make sure you have a clear a path. Take advantage of hoist, bars, jacks,
rollers or hand trucks when moving heavy material. If the object is too heavy to lift with one
person, get help. When lifting together, plan to pick up or lay down the object on a given signal
and make sure both of you agree on the plan.
2. Stand Close to the Load: Stand close to the load with your feet spread apart about shoulder
width. Place one foot slightly in front of the other for balance.
3. Bend at the Knees: Squat down bending at the knees (not your waist). Tuck your chin while
keeping you back as vertical as possible.
4. Control the Load: Get a firm grasp of the object before beginning the lift.
5. Lift with Your Legs: Begin slowly lifting with your LEGS by straightening them. Never twist your
body during this step. Be sure your footing is secure. “Look up, stand up”, straightens the back
naturally; looking down at the load keeps the back bent. Keep your body erect. Always lift with
your legs and not your back.
6. Keep Load Close to Body: Once the lift is complete, keep the object as close to the body as
possible. As the load's center of gravity moves away from the body, there is a dramatic increase
in stress to the lumbar region of the back.
Never pick up or put down an object while you are in a twisted position. If you must turn while carrying
the load, turn using your feet‐not your torso. Keep your eyes up. Looking slightly upwards will help you
maintain a better position of the spine.
Use the correct lifting procedures for lightweight objects as you would for heavy weight. Failure to do so
may result in injury.
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Dos and Don’ts of Lifting - Always use both hands when lifting and lift slowly and deliberately. The ideal
situation is to have someone or something to help you when lifting, but if that's not possible, follow all the
above listed guidelines to minimize your risk of injury.
Following is a review list of dos and don'ts when bending and lifting:
Dos
• Do place your feet and knees at least shoulder width apart or front to back in a wide‐step position.
This will help you bend at the hips, keeping your back relatively straight and stress free.
• Do lean over or squat with the chest and buttocks sticking out. If you do this correctly, your back
will be flat and your neck will balance in a relaxed neutral position.
• Do take weight off one or both arms if possible. When you squat down or push back up, use your
hand or elbow as support on your thigh or any available structure. This takes some of the
compression and strain off of the lower back.
• Do balance your load on either side if possible, or switch sides so that both sides are equally
stressed.
• Do level the pelvis or tuck in your buttocks and suck in your abdomen, when reaching or lifting
overhead. Keep your chest up and use a step stool to keep the low back and neck in neutral
alignment.
• Do walk around and use backward‐bending and/or stomach‐lying positions before or after
bending or heavy lifting, especially if you've been sitting for a while.
• Do level the pelvis or tuck in your buttocks and suck in your abdomen, when reaching or lifting
overhead. Keep your chest up and use a step stool to keep the low back and neck in neutral
alignment.
Don'ts
• Don't lift things when your feet are too close together. If your feet are closer than shoulder width
you'll have poor leverage, you'll be unstable, and you'll have a tendency to round your back.
• Don't lift with your knees and hips straight and your lower back rounded. This is the most common
and stressful bad lifting move. Twisting the trunk during this bad move compounds the problem.
• Don't tense and arch the neck when lifting. This crams your neck joints together and causes pain
especially if maintained for a long period of time.
• Don’t twist or turn when carrying a heavy load.
• Don't lift and/or carry an unbalanced load.
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• Don't lift and bend too much in a short period of time.

• Don't lift objects that are too heavy for you.
• Don’t mistakenly believe that a lifting belt will increase your maximum lifting potential.
• Don't lift heavy objects directly following a sustained period of sitting, especially if you have been
slouching.
• Don't lift things overhead with your neck and back arched, if possible.
Fatigue
Fatigue from such manual tasks and other activities will adversely affect judgment and performance in
even simple and familiar activities.
To keep going when tired is not a sign of strength but potentially a danger to yourself and others.
Though it is at times difficult to recognize fatigue in oneself and it is important to follow management
practices and control in the fatigue management procedure and activities so as to safeguard against it
happening.
Work should be restricted to the mandated the number of hours, which a person may work without a
break.
Careful consideration should be made of all applicable regulations concerning work hours and rest
periods.
Haste, stress and fatigue are often contributing factors to many incidents hence regulatory requirements,
appropriate work and rest schedules should be considered
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WORKING AT HEIGHT
Serious and fatal injuries have resulted when workers have fallen from height. At any site all work to be
done at or above the height of 1.8 shall be considered to be considered work at height and all precautions
associated with such must be considered and put in place.
Work areas at height for drilling operations include:
 Rig masts
 Rig decks
 Truck trays.
Assessing the risks

Direct risk factors
 Height of work
 Fall path
 Landing area
 Ascending and descending drill masts

 Accessing drill rigs, support vehicles and associated plant
 Loading and unloading tools and equipment
 Jumping from heights
 Absence or inadequacy of fall prevention system
 Horseplay
Height alone does not determine the consequences of a fall. The severity of a fall is mostly determined
by the contact made as they fall, posture and where they land. These contributing factors determine the
outcome.
Risk controls
 Eliminate hazards or hazardous work practices at height (e.g. automatic greasing system for mast
lubrication points, ground-level fuel and oil refill points).
 Provision of alternative means of access (e.g. ladders and walkways incorporated during equipment
design) rather than working at height.
 Barricade or enclose areas of fall risk with edge protection or install handrails.
 Implement fall injury prevention systems for tasks that involve working at height
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NOISE
Noise is a generic hazard in every drilling environment and prolonged exposure to high levels of noise
(85 dB+) can result in permanent and irreversible damage to hearing commonly named noise induced
hearing loss. This has a major impact on the employee health and one affected the quality of life for the
person with severely impaired hearing is likely to be reduced.
The ambient noise generated by drilling operations includes that from:
 Drilling engines  Percussion

 Air compressors  Warning signals.
 Generators  The release of compressed air
 Vehicles  Use of tools (e.g. impact of a hammer).
Assessing the risks

Direct risk factors
 Exposure noise to
 Contributing risk factors
 Excessively noisy equipment
 Proximity to sources of noise
 Absence or inappropriate use of hearing protection
 Need to communicate while operating equipment
 Poorly fitting hearing protection
Exposure levels above 85 dB (A) represent an unacceptable risk to hearing. Control measures must be
implemented when people are exposed to:
 An average noise level of more than 85 dB(A) for an eight-hour working day (TWA)
 Peak noise levels in excess of 140 dB (A).

These exposures are often exceeded during drilling operations.
Control measures
 Developed and comprehensive noise control plan, including procedures for noise surveys, dosimetry
(personal noise exposure measurements and recording) and audiometry (hearing tests).
 Set noise emission goals for the design of new plant and equipment to maintain the lowest possible
level of noise exposure.
 Use noise suppression devices and techniques (e.g. enclosures, screens, silencers).
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 Where the noise exposure standard can be exceeded, provide hearing protection that enables
effective communication.
 Ensure plant and equipment are checked regularly and maintained in good condition.
 Attach prominent signage to delineate areas where hearing protection is required.
 Attach noise labels to items of fixed plant, where appropriate, to provide a simple hazard warning.
 Develop a hearing protection program. Ensure all employees recognise when and where hearing
protection is required, and that they comply with the program.
 Develop a fit-testing program for hearing protection.
Noise reduction from drilling operations may be implemented due to local conditions, such as proximity
to occupied dwellings, campgrounds, resorts and areas of high outdoor recreation use. Noise disturbs
the ecological ecosystem set-up hence to ensure minimum biodiversity disruption noise level need to be
regulated.
Reductions can be accomplished with measures such as
 Installing sound-abatement panels,
 Adding baffling around the drill,
 Adjusting the location of drilling activities, where possible
 Installing high-efficiency mufflers or other measures that may be identified during implementation
 Purchase of quiet or silent plant and equipment
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DUST
Drilling operations can generate substantial amounts of dust that not only reduce visibility but, more
significantly, can result in long-term health effects from the inhalation of particles and fibres. Although
nuisance or general dust has no specific toxic properties, it can overload lung clearance mechanisms.
Exposure to some particle types in dust can lead to:
 Lung disease (e.g. Asbestos and other fibrous minerals, silica)

 Systemic toxicity (e.g. Radioactive particles, toxic metal-bearing minerals)

Scarring or irritation of the respiratory tract.

In addition to the dusty environments commonly encountered at mineral exploration sites, dust is
generated during drilling, particularly at the:
 T-piece or stuffing box
 Splitter
 Cyclone (top vent)
 Collar
 Outlet for the outside return.
Assessing the risks
Direct risk factors

 Geology and hydrology
 Drilling method
 Stage of drilling (commencement of hole)
 Absence or inadequacy of dust suppression measures
 Position of drill rig relative to other work areas, support vehicles and camp
 Weather conditions, particularly wind velocity
 Poorly fitting respiratory protection
 The severity of the risk relates to the volume of dust, duration of exposure, and the composition of
the particulates and fibres.
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Risk controls
 Assess dust exposure and implement a dust management plan. Where fibrous minerals may be
present, incorporate a fibrous minerals management plan.
 When designing drilling programs, assess the likelihood of encountering fibrous, radioactive or toxic
metal-bearing minerals (e.g. using historical geological records).
 Use diamond drilling rather than reverse circulation (RC) drilling in areas identified as high-risk for
fibrous minerals.
 Use wet drilling methods.
 Ensure dust produced by drilling is collected and contained.
 Where dust collection and containment are not practicable, dust should be directed away from
personnel and camp areas (e.g. piped downwind).
 All staff required to wear respirators should be fit tested and trained in respirator use. Powered air-
purifying respirators are recommended for bearded people.
 Disposable respirators should be replaced regularly to prevent build-up of dust.
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FALLING OBJECTS
Serious and fatal injuries have resulted when workers have been struck by falling objects.
A drill rig and its components are subjected to high levels of stress during operation and transport. The
associated vibration and jarring can dislodge or damage rig parts and associated plant and cause them
to fall.
Objects that may fall include:
 Drill rods, bits and hammers  Tile boxes
 Wire-line equipment, including blocks,  Loads carried by vehicle-mounted cranes
sheaves and inner tubes  Shackles and pins

 Hoses and fittings  Tools
 Top drive units  Sheared bolts.
 Rod holders and carousel parts
Assessing the risks
 Height of fall  Integrity and design of rig components
 Weight and shape of object  Use of tools and equipment at height
 Drop zone  Poor housekeeping or maintenance
 Point of impact  Proximity of personnel to drop zones
The height from which objects fall is not the only factor determining the consequences of personnel being
struck by them. The weight, shape and trajectory of the object and where it strikes the person also affect
the severity of outcomes.
Risk controls
 Ensure all rig components are regularly inspected and maintained.
 Implement preventative maintenance programs for rig components.
 To prevent a rig part falling as a result of attachment failure, secure high-risk components (e.g. tile
boxes, sample hoses) with a restraint (e.g. chains, wire slings).
 Where practicable, provide edge protection and attachment points to secure tools with a lanyard.
 Plan tasks to minimise the requirement for tooling deployed at height.
 Establish “working at height” toolkits (e.g. lightweight, fit-for-purpose, multipurpose, lanyard
attachment).
 Implement procedures for tasks that involve working at heights.
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 Delineate drop zones and restrict access to them

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HOUSEKEEPING
Maintaining a clean and tidy site with well organised operations, equipment and stores is an important part of
a good housekeeping program. Poor housekeeping at a drilling operation, including the camp, can lead to
injuries, fires and damage to health.
Assessing the risks

Direct risk factors
 Site layout
 Management of hazardous substances

 Management of fuel and ignition sources
 Inappropriate work practices

 Inadequate maintenance practices
 Improper storage and handling of equipment and materials
 Non-adherence to site clean-up schedule
 Poor hygiene practices
Poor housekeeping can increase the risk of injuries from slips, trips, falls and being struck by falling objects. It
can exacerbate injuries from hazardous manual tasks, contribute to electrical incidents, fires, spills and
exposure to chemicals, and lead to disease following exposure to unhygienic conditions.
Risk controls
 Plan the site to allow for orderly movement of personnel, equipment and materials.
 Ensure tools and equipment are properly stored after use.
 Ensure plant and equipment are checked regularly and maintained in good condition.
 Manage the handling and storage of hazardous substances and fuels.
 Undertake daily inspections and clean-ups.
 Establish designated storage and rubbish disposal areas.
 Provide designated eating and ablution facilities with suitable waste disposal.
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LIGHT VEHICLE MOVEMENT

In addition to the risks usually associated with driving in remote areas, the way that light vehicles are used for
drilling operations can introduce additional risks that may not be obvious. Light vehicles are commonly modified
to facilitate exploration work (e.g. addition of water tanks, air compressors), are used to carry heavy or bulky
loads, and tow caravans or trailers. These activities can change the vehicle’s stability and configuration.
The issues associated with parking on slopes above camps, or work areas, may also be overlooked in the
planning process.
Hazards to be aware when using light vehicles include:
 Loss of control
 Contact with obstacles (e.g. Livestock, native fauna, trees)
 Runaway vehicles
 Poor visibility and collision with oncoming traffic.
Assessing the risks

 Fatigue and mental wellbeing (see  Travel distance, duration and time (e.g.
Chapter 12) sunrise, sunset)
 Driving style  Failure to recognise changing conditions
 Road and ground conditions  Driver competence and experience
 Terrain
 Stability and configuration of light vehicle
 Visibility
when modified, loaded or towing
 Inadequate maintenance practices
 Inadequate site traffic management, including
parking practices
 Weather conditions
 Other road users
Exposure to the hazards associated with the use of light vehicles can have serious consequences, including
crashes and rollovers, and unattended vehicles rolling into exploration camps.
Risk controls
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 Follow the recommendations of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for vehicle inspection and
maintenance.
 Assess vehicle modifications and load configuration to determine the likely effect on vehicle stability
and profile, and address as necessary.
 Establish procedures for the terrain and conditions likely to be encountered during travel.
 Monitor ground, road and weather conditions.
 Implement procedures for traffic management around work areas and camp sites, including park-up
areas
HEAVY VEHICLE MOVEMENT

Rig movements can generate hazards that may lead to serious or fatal injuries or serious damage to a drill rig.
Contact with overhead powerlines can result in electrocution or destruction of the rig by fire. Contact with trees
and vegetation can introduce combustible material into the system, which may ignite under suitable conditions.
Rig components damaged in transit may not be obvious or visible until the rig is operational, when their failure
can affect safe operation.
Hazards to be aware of when moving heavy vehicles include:
 Movement over rough or uneven surfaces

 Movement over sloping or boggy ground
 Contact with powerlines
 Contact with overhanging objects such as trees
 Movement with the mast raised can place undue stress on components and affect rig stability.
Assessing the risks
 Type, size and configuration of vehicle  Site accessibility

 Stability of vehicle  Rig modifications
 Road and ground conditions  Integrity of drill rig and components
 Terrain  Overhead objects
 Distance to be travelled  Weather conditions
 Absence or inadequacy of spotters or guides
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Exposure to these hazards can have serious consequences, either directly (e.g. electrocution due to contact
with powerlines) or indirectly, if components fail due to damage sustained during movement.
Risk controls
 Follow the recommendations of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for rig movement.
 Assess modifications to the OEM’s design to determine the likely effect on stability, design specifications
and rig or vehicle profile, and address as necessary.
 Establish procedures for the terrain and conditions likely to be encountered in transit, including identifying
the locations of powerlines.
 Monitor ground, road and weather conditions.
 Implement procedures for the maneuvering of drill rigs and equipment, including identifying the roles and
responsibilities of designated spotters.
 Implement preventative maintenance programs to avoid in-transit damage.
 After rig movements, a competent person should do a pre-operational check of the rig and its components.
EXTREME WEATHER AND FIRES

With most of our operations located in desert and semi-arid environments which are subject to severe weather
events ranging from sand storms, flash floods and thunderstorms. In such remote environments veldt fires are
common having been started by lightning, human or other ignition sources burn-offs particularly during the dry
seasons and periods of drought. Serious and fatal injuries have resulted from inadequate identification,
planning and preparation for these hazards.
Assessing the risks
Direct risk factors
 High winds
 Flooding
 Lightning
 Fire
 Drill rig and associated plant, vehicles and infrastructure not designed for cyclonic conditions
 Failure to monitor existing, perceived low-threat bushfires
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 Failure to recognise drainage and run-off characteristics of surrounding terrain

 Failure to recognise potential for lightning strikes and associated bushfires
 Failure to secure loose objects in anticipation of high winds
 Climate and season are factors to consider when determining the likelihood of severe weather events for
a particular location.
 Severe thunderstorms are localized events, usually affecting smaller areas than tropical cyclones and
floods, so their impacts are often underestimated. They can occur at any time of the year.
 Flash floods often occur when a thunderstorm moves slowly so that a small area receives a lot of rain.
Local drainage and run-off characteristics also control the area of greatest impact.
 Sandstorm season is the time of the year where their occurrence is more frequent. This can be aided by
dry seasons and wind magnitude
Risk controls
 Implementing incident management and  Implement procedures for crossing

emergency response plans to deal with severe watercourses.
weather events and bushfires.
 3 metre wide fire guards must be prepared on
 Implement tracking and monitoring protocols all sites
for severe weather events and bushfires.
 ABC fire extinguishers will be maintained and
 Use geomorphological information to identify mounted:
areas susceptible to flooding or flash flooding.
 Inside each shack, drill rig.
 Develop a lightning protection policy and
 On the outside of each shack or drill rig.
ensure all personnel on site understand its
application.  On each pickup, water truck, and other
support vehicles and equipment.
 Use a portable lightning detector to assess the
likely impact of distant storm activity.  One 5000 liters water tank paired with a
centrifugal pump and 50 feet of hose will be
 If there are signs of suspected lightning strikes,
available during fire season in forested areas.
check plant and equipment before use.
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 The water tank shall be kept 75 percent full at  Each piece of petroleum powered equipment
all times, and field employees will test the will be operated at all times with a spark-
system weekly. arresting muffler in good working condition and
adapted to that equipment.
 Each drill rig will be outfitted with fire tools,
including two spade shovels and one pickaxe.  A veldt fire response plan will be posted in the
shack of each drill rig.
 Smoking is only allowed in designated places.
Cigarette butts will properly extinguished and If fire starts on site:
be disposed of in designated receptacles.
 Use extinguishers and the water tank to
 All hot work, including welding, soldering, extinguish it.

cutting and brazing of metal will require a
 Move combustible and flammable material
permit to be issued first. The permit will be
out of the area.
issued after a proper fire risk assessment has
been done and such activities will be done  Do not try to fight a large fire.
while there is an employee spotter available.
 If you must evacuate, notify your
The spotter will maintain visual surveillance for
supervisor immediately. Notify other rigs.
at least 30 minutes after all hot work is
complete.  Evacuate to the designated rallying point
for each project.
 Open fires are prohibited crews to make use of
heaters which will be maintained in good  Supervisor will escalate the
condition. Heaters in use will not be left communications with alarm which is
unattended. appropriate to the nature of the fire.
Sand Storms
Sandstorms are a common occurrence in Saudi Arabia occurring between February to mid-July, typically 2-3
sand storm events occur per month. The duration of sandstorms vary from minutes to days.
Sandstorms represent several real risks to personnel including
1. Respiratory ailments due to dust inhalation
2. Irritation to the eyes and nose often making it impossible to focus on the task at hand resulting in
a safety incident
3. Poor visibility. Visible communication in the loud environment at a drill rig is important. Poor
visibility may result in a safety incident
4. Poor visibility, driving in a sandstorm is extremely hazardous.
Drilling should be stopped and the crews return to base if any of the following occur
1. Air becomes dusty to the point that dust masks do not prevent inhalation of dust.
2. Poor visibility does not allow driller and sampling teams to communicate
3. Sand becomes an irritant which does not allow the drill rig operator and sampling teams to be
focused on their tasks at hand
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4. If you anticipate rapidly worsening conditions consider stopping operations to allow sufficient time
to travel back safely.
Driving in a sand storm is extremely hazardous, turn on your lights, in the event that visibility is poor do not
drive, pull off the road and stop and wait for visibility to improve. Driving in poor visibility carries the risk of
colliding with other vehicles.
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WORKING IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS

Exploration drilling is subject to extreme environmental conditions, with temperatures ranging from below zero
in winter, to over 40°C in summer. Hot conditions can be exacerbated by humidity, depending on the location
and season. Workers in mineral exploration can be regularly exposed to heat or cold stress. Exposure to cold
can lead to hypothermia but hyperthermia is considered the more significant risk for our usual desert climatic
conditions. Serious and fatal injuries have resulted from heat strain and dehydration.
Assessing the risks
Direct risk factors
 Temperature
 Radiant heat
 Humidity
 Wind velocity
 Extended frequency and duration of exposure

 Lack of acclimatisation
 Frequency, duration and intensity of physical activity
 Certain medical conditions and medications
 Lack of physical fitness
 Drug and alcohol use
 Dehydration
Type and amount of clothing
 Exposure to heat stress can result in heat edema, rash, fatigue and cramps.
 Increased or continued exposure to heat stress can lead to fainting, heat exhaustion or heat stroke.
 Heat stroke may result in permanent damage to the brain and other vital organs, or even death.
Risk controls
 Controls to manage the risks associated with heat stress are directed towards the work environment, tasks
being carried out, and the individuals performing the tasks.
 Ensure workers are aware of the underlying causes of heat strain, recognise its symptoms and know how
to respond to such.
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 Personnel at risk from heat stress (e.g. workers with preexisting medical conditions and workers not
acclimatised to site conditions) must be monitored at the workplace for signs of heat strain and ensure that
they follow work–rest and hydration regimes.
 Provide weather protection (e.g. tents, shade) and cool rest recovery areas.
 Implement acclimatisation policies covering new employees and those returning to work after a break.
 Adjust hours of work so that physically demanding work is done in cooler periods of the day, and schedule
regular breaks and task rotation.
 Where practicable, workers should wear clothing suitable for the environment (e.g. cotton drill fabric).
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REMOTENESS OF EXPLORATION
Lack of preparation for working in remote locations can exacerbate the consequences of dangerous incidents.
Some of the hazards associated with drilling in remote locations are:
 Vehicle crashes
 Limited capacity to provide urgent medical diagnosis and treatment
 Personnel getting lost.
Assessing the risks
Direct risk factors
 Distance from medical and emergency services

 Accessibility of workplace (e.g. lack and condition of roads)
 Absence or inadequacy of trip planning, particularly for rarely travelled routes

 Absence or inadequacy of emergency response and incident management plans
 Absence or inadequacy of communications
 Absence or inadequacy of medical facilities and expertise
 Available modes of transport
 Roadworthiness of vehicles
 Fitness for work
Distance to and accessibility of the workplace are the major contributors to the severity of the risk when working
remotely. However, the interactions of these and other factors also influence the severity of the risk.
Risk controls
 Establish procedures to plan and monitor safe travel to and from work in remote locations.
 Implement communication, emergency response and incident management plans that reflect the remote
conditions and address operational needs, and ensure personnel are trained in their application and how
to use the equipment.
 Establish protocols for selecting fit-for-purpose modes of transport.
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HAZARDS OF NATURE
Most mining exploration drilling operations are carried out in undisturbed virgin and remote environments hence
exposing the teams to the hazards associated with working in the natural environment. A site‐specific hazard
analysis should be conducted at the planning stage of every job, and all hazards of nature should be included
in the analysis. These hazards should be communicated to crew members during the site‐ specific orientation
at the start of the job.
Each member of the crew should be instructed in the identification of hazards in nature such as plants, animals,
snakes, and insects. Included in the training should be an orientation on how to identify endangered species,
if any, in the area.
Procedures should be developed to conduct the work taking into account these endangered species and any
standoff distances imposed by regulatory agencies.
Prevention of injury when these hazards exist could involve the wearing of alternative or additional protective
clothing other than that normally worn in a particular climatic environment. Changes in operating procedures
may also be required.
Insect borne health hazards
There are many ways that insects can harm humans. They may transmit disease, cause severe allergic
reactions & even cause death in some cases. The best control measure to protect oneself is to eliminate being
bitten by insects.
Ants, Wasps & Bee Stings

Ants, wasps and bees will sting sometimes causing a very severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) requiring
immediate medical attention in some individuals.
Responding to bee & wasp stings

 If a bee sting victim has had any allergic reactions to bee stings in the past, always consider the
possibility of a life‐threatening allergic reaction. Safety first! Get away from the bees and call for
immediate help.
 Remove any stingers immediately! Speed matters not the method.
 If there is a member who knows they are allergic to bees they should always carry an epinephrine
auto‐injector. This needs to be administered right away DO NOT WAIT FOR ALLERGIC SYMPTOMS
TO APPEAR.
 Insect allergy symptoms may include:
o wheezing or difficulty with breathing
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o tightness in the throat or chest

o swelling of the lips, tongue, or face
o dizziness or fainting
o nausea or vomiting
 If the person has an anaphylactic reaction call emergency services immediately if you have not already
done so.
 Monitor Airways, Breathing, Circulation ‐ Give CPR if needed.
Note: Consider it a medical emergency if the victim was stung more than 10 times, or if there are bee stings
inside the nose, mouth, or throat. Swelling from these stings can cause shortness of breath, even in non‐
allergic victims.
Allergic reactions can also flare from bites of body lice, and bites of chiggers, gnats (black flies, midges),
sandflies, caterpillar stings and ticks.
The puss caterpillar can give a severe sting that gives a human the symptoms of paralysis.
Poisonous Spiders & Scorpions
Poisonous spider bites & scorpion stings can be serious in some countries when working in remote areas.
Scorpions sting with a poisoned hook on their tail, which is typically raised prior to an attack.
Avoiding scorpion stings

Scorpions are nocturnal animals and, therefore, typically only emerge at night. They often hide in dark cracks,
under logs and vegetation but will enter accommodation if able.
 Remote camping accommodation should have a ledge that's at least 20cm high to prevent entry of
scorpions.
 Apply insecticidal spray or fogging in the living & sleeping quarters.
 In areas with scorpions, it's also necessary to watch out for dark hiding places indoors: in cabinets,
under beds and bed sheets, or in shoes (shake your shoes thoroughly before putting them on in the
morning).
 Avoid walking through the bush wearing sandals or flip‐flops
 In some area, it's a popular to 'play or eat scorpions – Avoid participating in this activity.
Danger signals and symptoms

Most scorpions are harmless to humans, although the sting is extremely painful and will require painkilling
treatment. It rest with the team to research the common insects and scorpions in the drill site area.
The following may be observed in cases of moderate to more serious poisoning:
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 Malaise,
 Sweating,
 Heart palpitations,
 Rise in blood pressure,
 Salivation,
 Nausea,
 Vomiting and diarrhoea.
Hyper acute (typically allergic) reactions may also occur in the form of blurring of consciousness,
unconsciousness, convulsions, fall in blood pressure, shock and consequently the threat of death.
Responding to scorpion stings
In all cases of a scorpion sting activate the emergency response plan as quickly as possible.
 Pain at the site of the sting can sometimes be limited with an ice cube.
 Painkilling injections (morphine‐based painkiller) may be required, and a doctor should therefore be
consulted. In the case of more marked symptoms, treatment should be given as for snake bites, and
the patient should receive medical treatment as quickly as possible.
 There's antiserum for scorpion venom. Treatment should be overseen by a doctor.
Spiders
Some spiders are poisonous, but only a few can prove dangerous to humans. There is need to ensure proper
risk assessment is done at to which type of spiders are more common in the area.
Avoiding spider bites
 In most cases spiders are more difficult to avoid than scorpions, particularly as they often prefer to be
indoors and like to hunt during the day. They will often, but far from always, prefer slightly damp places
in semi‐shade.
 Spider bites often occur when the insect is trapped in clothing. Keep clothing tucked in at all times if
possible.
 Apply insecticidal spray or fogging in the living & sleeping quarters.
Symptoms and danger signals
 A stinging, slightly smarting pain is often felt at the site of the bite. The pain can sometimes be burning
and violent and in some cases, there's no immediate pain, but instead it comes on after 30 to 60
minutes.
 Blistering, bleeding under the skin and a convulsive sensation in the muscles may be felt. Later, local
tissue death may occur, but this depends on the venom concerned.
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 General symptoms such as anxiety, a sensation of weakness, sweating, headache, dizziness swelling
around the eyes, skin rash, respiratory distress, nausea, salivation and vomiting are all possible.
 Difficulty in maintaining muscle control and convulsions, which in the worst case can affect the muscles
involved in swallowing and breathing.
 Possibly allergic reactions with circulatory failure, shock and death.
First aid and treatment for spider bites
 In all cases of a spider sting activate the emergency response plan as quickly as possible.
 Ice cubes at the site of the bite may reduce the pain. In the case of bites from Loxosceles (the 'recluse'
species), the ice should be packed to avoid causing further damage to tissue.
 There's antiserum for several spider venoms, and this treatment should be overseen by a doctor.
 In most cases, bites from the truly poisonous spiders should be treated like snake bites, and a doctor
should be consulted as soon as possible. The spider should be killed and taken along to the doctor for
identification.
Other insect health related issues

House & Blow Flies
Flies are one of the most difficult insects to guard against on land seismic camps in some areas. Some flies
mechanically carry germs by biting a diseased animal and then bite a healthy person thus contaminating them
with disease. There are germs on garbage and human waste that a fly can crawl on it or walk on it and carry
disease to humans such as tuberculosis, parasitic worms, yaws, trachome and cholera.
Blow flies are known as the blue bottle or the green bottle flies and carry much of the same disease producing
organisms as the house fly. The Dermatobia fly can infest man causing maggots to pop out of the eggs and
burrow in the skin.
Prevention:
 Ensure camp waste is properly disposed of in accordance with the crew’s waste management plans.
 Avoid the use of open waste pits
 All kitchen and dining area openings should be covered with insect screens. Screen doors should be
sprung closed.
 Kitchen and dining areas should be equipped with UV electric bug zappers (insectocutors).
 Areas with a high concentration of flies can be equipped with fly paper or hanging “sticky” flypaper if
possible. (these should be changed out regularly and not hung over food preparation areas or dining
areas)
 In “fly” camps where such controls are not practical, every possible measure should be taken to protect
food from insects.
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 Adequately contained (screened) food preparation areas

 Use insecticides at least 30 minutes before serving food to avoid contamination. Cover all utensils and
dishes before using insecticide.
 If possible the entire camp should have scheduled fumigation.
 All pest controls should be included in the kitchen/camp inspection checklists
Ticks
Ticks are actually a type of mite but can cause ailments such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme
disease, but the negative effects of their bites can take time to appear.
Preventing Tick Bites:
 Use an insect repellent that is 20% to 30% DEET. Caution ‐ While “DEET” is the specified repellent
for some areas, prolonged exposure may cause illness.
 Treat clothing with a Permethrin spray as a further deterrent to ticks.
 Wear long pants and long sleeves. The clothing does not have to be heavy, but the length will provide
an addition way of keeping ticks from getting to your skin.
 Tuck your pant legs into your socks. This creates an additional barrier that makes it harder for ticks to
get in.
 When in thick wooded areas or areas with tall grass be aware of the presence of ticks. Check your
clothing frequently.
 Check your body for ticks after every shift is completed.
How to remove a tick

The proper way to remove a tick is to use a set of fine tweezers and grip the tick as close to the skin as is
possible.
Do not use a smoldering match or cigarette, nail polish, petroleum jelly (e.g., Vaseline), liquid soap, or kerosene
because they may irritate the tick and cause it to behave like a syringe, injecting bodily fluids into the wound.
The proper technique for tick removal includes the following:
 Use fine tweezers to grasp the tick as close to the skin surface as possible.
 Pull backwards gently but firmly, using an even, steady pressure. Do not jerk or twist.
 Do not squeeze, crush, or puncture the body of the tick, since its bodily fluids may contain infection‐
causing organisms.
 After removing the tick, wash the skin and hands thoroughly with soap and water.
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 If any mouth parts of the tick remain in the skin, these should be left alone; they will be expelled on
their own. Attempts to remove these parts may result in significant skin trauma
 Report the bite to the crew medic & ensure that the date of the bite is recorded; some symptoms may
take up to a month to develop.
 If you eventually develop a rash at the site of the bite, experience chills, headache or fever, report this
immediately and seek medical attention. You should also consult a doctor should you experience
extreme fatigue, muscle weakness or difficulty walking.
Heat Stress
The sun is a natural hazard, and the use of long trousers, long‐sleeve shirts, head protection (wide‐ brimmed
hat), sunglasses and sunscreen can help alleviate the effects of the sun.
Causal Factors
Age, weight, degree of physical fitness, degree of acclimatization, metabolism, use of alcohol or drugs and a
variety of medical conditions such as hypertension all affect a person’s sensitivity to heat. However, even the
type of clothing worn should be considered prior heat stress predisposes an individual to additional stress. It is
difficult to predict just who will be affected and when, because individual susceptibility varies. In addition,
environmental factors include more than the ambient air temperature. Radiant heat, air movement, conduction
and relative humidity all affect an individual’s response to heat.
Heat Rashes
Heat rashes are the most common problem in hot work environments. Prickly heat is manifested as red papules
and usually appears in areas where the clothing is restrictive. As sweating increases, these papules give rise
to a prickly sensation. Prickly heat occurs in skin that is persistently wetted by un‐ evaporated sweat and heat
rash papules may become infected if they are not treated. In most cases, heat rashes will disappear when the
affected individual returns to a cool environment.
Heat Cramps
Performing hard physical labour or working in a hot environment may cause heat cramps. These cramps have
been attributed to an electrolyte imbalance caused by sweating. It is important to understand that cramps can
be caused by either too much or too little salt in the body. It is important to watch dietary requirements when
working in hot environments.
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Heat Fatigue
The signs and symptoms of heat fatigue include impaired performance of skilled sensorimotor, mental, or
vigilance jobs. There is no treatment for heat fatigue except to remove the heat stress before a more serious
heat‐related condition develops.
Heat Collapse (“Fainting”)

In heat collapse, the brain does not receive enough oxygen because blood has pooled in the body’s extremities.
As a result, the exposed individual may lose consciousness. This reaction is similar to that of heat exhaustion
but does not affect the body’s heat balance. However, the onset of heat collapse is rapid and unpredictable.
To prevent heat collapse, the worker should gradually become acclimatized to the hot work environment.
Proper monitoring and health assessments should be done to ensure employee is acclimatizing well in the
workplace.
Heat Exhaustion
The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion are cool, moist, pale, or flushed skin, headache, nausea, vertigo,
weakness, thirst and giddiness. Fortunately, this condition responds readily to prompt treatment.
Heat Stroke
Heat stroke occurs when the body’s system of temperature regulation fails and body temperature rises to
critical levels. This condition is caused by a combination of highly variable, factors and its occurrence is difficult
to predict. The symptoms of heat stroke include red, hot, dry skin; changes in consciousness; rapid, weak
pulse; rapid, shallow breathing. Heat stroke if untreated can result in death.
Treatment of Heat Stress

It is critical that you recognize heat‐related illness in its early stages, and to reverse it.
 Get the victim out of the heat.
 Loosen any tight clothing.
 Apply cool, wet cloths, such as towels or sheets.
 If the victim is conscious, give cool water to drink as described under Fluid Replacement (below).
Refusing water, vomiting and changes in consciousness mean that the victim’s condition is getting
worse.
 Initiate the crew’s Emergency Response Plan (ERP) immediately.
If the victim vomits, stop giving fluids and position the victim on the side. Watch for signs of breathing problems.
Keep the victim lying down and continue to cool the body any way you can. If you have ice packs or cold packs,
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place them on each of the victim’s wrists and ankles, on the groin, in each armpit and on the neck to cool the
large blood vessels.
Controls
For office and enclosed workplaces greater importance must be attached to ventilation.
Air cooling, fans, shielding and insulation are the five major types of engineering controls that can used to
reduce heat stress in hot work environments.
The following administrative controls can be used to reduce heat stress:
1. Reduce the physical demands of work, e.g., excessive lifting or digging with heavy objects.
2. Use only workers who are acclimatized to the conditions for field work.
3. Provide recovery areas, e.g., a shaded, cooler area. In some areas it may be possible to provide air‐
conditioned enclosures and rooms.
4. Use shifts, e.g., early morning, cool part of the day. Use intermittent rest periods with water breaks.
5. Limit the number of workers present, especially in confined or enclosed spaces.
Fluid Replacement
 Cool water or any cool non-alcoholic liquid (10‐16°C) should be made available to workers to encourage
them to drink small amounts frequently, e.g. one cup every 20 minutes.
 Ample supplies of fluids should be placed close to the work area.
 Commercial supplementary drinks that contain salt, should not necessary be given for acclimatized
individuals because most people add enough salt to their summer diets.
 Avoid soft drinks as they can satisfy your thirsty before the body is fully hydrated.
Dehydration
 Dehydration occur as a result of insufficient water for body metabolism. A good indicator of dehydration
is the colour of the urine. In the urine color chart below for dehydration, level 1 and level 2 indicate normal
urine colors. Level 3 urine color meaning indicates dehydration to some extent, whereas 4 and 5 point
towards severe dehydration.
 Dehydration results in impaired performance of an individual.
 If you notice dark urine along with the symptoms of dehydration you need to stop all physical activity:
o You should loosen your clothes and sit down.
o Drink water, but not in gulps. Instead sip water slowly. If you gulp water down, it will lead to
severe nausea and even vomiting. Sipping will help your body replenish water and overcome
dehydration.
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 If one suffers from vomiting, confusion, agitation, convulsions, high body temperature due to dehydration,
call for medical help immediately.
 The person needs to be laid down on a flat surface and loosen all clothing. Give him sips of water if the
person is conscious.
 You can pour cold water over the person or apply ice on their skin to cool them
INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT

The following precautions will be taken to prevent non-native invasive aquatic and terrestrial species
 To avoid cross-contamination of aquatic invasive species, there shall be no back flushing water from
drill water tank into a surface water source. If it is necessary to empty the draft tank, it may be emptied
in an upland area where no overland surface flow reaches water bodies or wetlands during back
flushing.
 Water from one stream or lake will not be transferred into another.
 Avoid extracting organic and bottom material into water intakes when pumping from streams or ponds.
 Minimize driving equipment through or wading across water bodies, whenever possible.
 Avoid polluted water sources.
 Prior to initial deployment to the project and before moving equipment from a drill site to a new drill site,
all off-road equipment (bulldozers, excavators, drill rigs) shall be cleaned so it is free of soil, seeds,
vegetative matter.
 Sweep vehicle cabs, and deposit refuse in waste receptacles regularly.

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LIGHT POLLUTION PREVENTION/REDUCTION

Employee safety is a top priority. Adequate lighting is required to maintain safety at the drill site to ensure that
visibility is at the recommend levels. Drilling & Exploration Co. will work to minimize the amount of light pollution
our drilling activities create.
Crew will control stray light as follows:
 Use lighting that is of adequate wattage but not excessively bright.
 Direct lighting away from areas used by the public, highways and roads, and homesteads, whenever
possible.
 Minimize the use of high-beam lights on vehicles.
 Reduce light pollution generated at drill sites by pointing lighting sources for drill rigs downwards and/or
shielding lighting as much as feasible while completing safe drilling operations.
DRILL SITE REPARATION AND RECLAMATION

All drill sites are to be abandoned in a manner that minimizes the long-term impact on the environment, health
and safety, and visual aesthetics. Drilling & Exploration Co. will reclaim drill sites with actions including, but not
limited to, the following:
 Submission and seeking of rehabilitation plans  Topsoil salvaged and reused for drill site
approval by client and local authorities prior to rehabilitation and access-road development and
commencing drilling. reclamation.
 Drill roads and drill sites and disturbed areas  When topsoil is unsuitable for reuse, at the request
restored after drilling is complete. of the client other methods or tools, such as sodding,
hydro seeding, fertilization or erosion- resistant
 Drill roads not intended for public access used
matting may be used to help rehabilitate disturbed
during drilling are decommissioned and blocked
areas.
after drilling is complete Surface disturbance from
drilling will be minimized to the extent possible.  Staking, paint, flagging and staging areas will be
minimized, removed and cleaned following project
 If the client requests seeding for revegetation, only
completion.
native or desired non-native species that are
certified noxious weed-free seed will be planted.  Solid waste, such as drilling fluid additive containers,
rags, or refuse of any kind, is not to be disposed of
on site. Suitable collection containers will be
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available at each drill site and disposed of at an completed, temporary roads will be stabilized and
approved facility off site. effectively closed to motorized traffic
 Drill sites will be reclaimed to as near the original  Ruts and holes that develop during road use will be
surface condition as possible. repaired on a timely basis to mitigate the risk of soil
erosion and protect water quality.
 Temporary roads will be decommissioned and
reclaimed after their use. As soon as access use is  • Silt and sediment control measures will be used,
where needed.
 Slash material slash, brush, tree limbs, seedlings

and saplings cut during site preparation shall be

utilized in rehabilitating the temporary roads and
drill pad sites once drilling operations are
complete or during final reclamation.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
An emergency is an event, actual or imminent, that endangers or threatens to endanger life, and requires
a coordinated response to ensure preservation of life and prevention of injury and illness. Emergencies
are sometimes described as incidents or accidents, and can include natural disasters.
The potentially hazardous nature of mineral exploration drilling operations, and the often remote locations
where they are carried out, mean that emergency management and emergency response planning are
critical to the health and safety of personnel. In particular, effective communication and appropriate
medical care during an emergency can be difficult to establish and sustain in remote areas.
Emergency management involves understanding the likelihood of an emergency occurring and its
potential consequence, should the emergency occur being prepared to mitigate its effects, respond
effectively, and recovering afterwards. Effective emergency management means that there are plans in
place for all identified emergency scenarios so the response is comprehensive and coordinated.
The critical element of preparedness is the development of emergency response plans for identified
emergency scenarios. All personnel should be familiar with the emergency response strategy before
entering the site, to ensure they understand their responsibilities and what to do in an emergency.
Risk management approach

Emergency management involves:
 Risk assessment – identify and analyse the hazards associated with potential emergency scenarios
 Prevention – determine appropriate control measures to eliminate or reduce the impact of hazards
 Preparedness – implement control measures to minimise the likelihood of emergencies, including

emergency response plans
 Response – implement the appropriate emergency response plan
 Recovery – conduct a post-emergency review of the effectiveness of the emergency response plan
and revise it as necessary
Emergency management and response planning should focus on worst-case scenarios. Emergencies at
drilling operations include:
 Rollover or collision of vehicle or  Missing person

machinery
 Remote diagnosis and medical
 Fire on drill rig, vehicles or infrastructure treatment for major trauma (e.g.
Fractures, severed limbs)
 Collapse or failure of a drill rig or
equipment  Electrocution or electrical burns
 Chemical burns or poisoning  Bushfire, flood, sandstorm or other
natural event.
 Illness or aggravation of existing
medical condition
To assist in the development of appropriate emergency response plans, employees shall be involved in
the identification and analysis of worst-case scenarios to ensure:
 Engagement and commitment to managing risk
 Allocation of appropriate resources and promotion of risk-reduction activities
 Increased understanding of the risks associated with drilling operations
 Improved decision-making about risks and informed emergency response planning

 Improved safety performance with a focus on prevention rather than response.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE (GENERAL)
Fire
Fire
Incident
Activate Employees
Evacuation Primary Activate
Raise No
To Assembly Raise Alarm evacuation
alarm
Point
Yes
Evacuees report
Informs contacts to assembly
primary Point / Safe Area
Fire team and
Contact- Fire give details of
fighter nature of fire
Yes Roll call taken by

team leads
Primary
contact
confirms fire
incident
Assess
and
fight the fire
Assess damage
provide first aid
If fire progress
Team Leader Assess casulties
contacts Fire
Department
Fire Department
becomes Incident
Commander
Fire Department
gives All-Clear
signal
HSE
Investigations
Severe
Storm
Incident
Weather AlertIssued Warning

Alert issued
Emergency Response
Team is on alert
Emergency
Response
Team verifies
Emergency alert
Response
Team verifiesalert
Emergency
Response
informs Crisis
Emergency
Management
Response
Team
Team
prepares for any
mobilization
Crisis
Management
Team directs
future actions
Medical
Medical
Incident
Employee
notices the
injured
Injured is
No
alive
Yes
Employee informs Employee informs

Primary Contact Primary Contact
Primary Contact Primary Contact

calls 911 calls 911
Primary Contact informs

EMT and Crisis Response Team
Police arrives
Emergency Response
Team contacts First-Aid
EMT and trained personnel
Police
verifies
cause of
First-Aid trained
death
personnel provide
EMT arrives medical services
Emergency
Suspicious Response Team
informs Crisis
Management Team
Police seals Natural First -Aid trained
area for people transfer
investigation the patient to
EMT
First-Aid
trained people
update Crisis
EMT assumes Management
control and Team
takes actions
Crisis
Management
Team directs JIS
actions
VEHICLE SAFETY MANAGEMENT POLICY
General
This policy applies to all sites, vehicles, employees and contractors of Drilling and Exploration Company,
who are required to drive motor vehicles in the course of their employment. This policy also applies to
road users other than vehicle drivers, including cyclists and pedestrians. The policy sets out guidelines
which shall apply to all driving on company business.
We acknowledged that driving conditions can be dangerous, particularly when individuals are tired,
where driving conditions are difficult, or in overseas countries where driving regulations are different ,
where local conditions may be far below those that we are familiar with in our county of residence, and
where drivers will not be familiar with driving routes and environment.
In all instances, it is the company policy to minimise risk to its employees, contractors or others who may
be affected. This shall include looking for alternative methods of transport where any of the following
guidelines cannot be adhered to. In overseas countries in particular, the company shall consider provision
of contracted private transport. Alternative transport may be public or private at the company’s sole
discretion.
If the company decides that the employee is required to travel early or late to abide by these rules, then
the company will provide suitable accommodation.
Minimum Requirements – Vehicles
 All vehicles shall be fit for purpose, have been maintained in a safe working condition, and properly
insured. If these stipulations are not met, the driver shall not attempt to operate the vehicle, and use
an alternative mode of transport should be considered.
 Seat belts shall be installed and functional even where this is not a legal requirement in accordance
with local legislation. Where local legislation requires the use of seat belts, this is mandatory. Drivers
shall be responsible for ensuring that all passengers in the vehicle are wearing their seat belt before
operating the vehicle.
 The number of passengers shall not exceed the manufacturer’s specification and legal limits for the
vehicle. Loads shall be secured and shall not exceed the manufacturer’s specification and legal limits
for the vehicle.
 Open vehicles intended to carry passengers on the back shall be fitted with seat/benches, fitted with
seat beats and rollover protection.
Minimum Requirements - Drivers
 Drivers shall be competent, appropriately trained, hold a relevant and valid driving license, and be
medically fit to operate the vehicle.
 Drivers shall not be under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or any other substance or medication
that could impair their ability to drive.
 Seat belts, where available (in accordance with local legislation), should be worn by all occupants at
all times.
 While operating the vehicle, drivers are only permitted to use mobile phones or other two-way
communication devices, via the use of hands free equipment. If no hands free devices is available
drivers shall pull over and stop where safe to do so and answer the phones
 All employees and contractors shall comply with local traffic law requirements, and shall conduct
themselves in a courteous manner to other road users.
Journey Requirements
 Journey planning is recommended to be done in advance and for any unfamiliar journey route
mapping shall be done.
 Drivers are encouraged to use satellite navigation devices where available, particularly when required
to drive for company business in areas with which they are not familiar.
 Journey risk assessment shall be carried out where and when appropriate and consider as a
minimum the following;
 Road conditions
 Weather conditions and weather forecasts
 Risk from fatigue
 Safe loading and distribution of loads.
Vehicle Crash & Road Traffic Incident Reporting.
 Any vehicle accident involving a company owned vehicle, leased vehicle or hire car, whether major
or minor, shall be reported to the immediately, who will then take action.
 Any driver who has been involved in a road traffic incident, whilst driving a hire car, including but
limited to, speeding tickets, fines, or parking tickets/ fines, should report any incidents to their
supervisors immediately, who will then liaise with the relevant car hire company. Costs related to
such offences will be recharged to the individual concerned.
Fitness to Drive.
 The company will not tolerate individuals driving on company business whilst they are not fit to
do so and any employee who does so will be subject to disciplinary action. Disciplinary action
may also be taken against employees who, having been advised in advance of required journey,
subsequently inform they are unfit to drive due to self-imposed conditions.
Maximum Driving Hours
 The company expects all drivers to assess their own capabilities, fitness to drive, driving route and
conditions to determine how long they can safely drive for. It is essential however, that the limits set
out in this policy are not exceeded
 A minimum break of at least 15 minutes after every two hours of driving is recommended. The
maximum period of continuous driving shall not exceed 4 hours without a break of at least 30 minutes.
The maximum total driving time shall not exceed 12 hours (inclusive of breaks) without a period of at
least 8 hours.
 When an employee has just completed a night shift or has been travelling for more than 10 hours,
that employee shall only be allowed to drive for a maximum of 2 hours. The employee shall then have
a rest period of at least 6 hours before further driving.
 No journey on company business shall commences after 2200 hours or before 0500 hours will
exceed 3 hours duration. Journeys of less than 3 hours shall only be permitted if individuals are
competent and fit as described above.
Road users other than motor vehicle drivers.
 Road users other than motor vehicle drivers, including cyclists and pedestrians, are required to be
alert when using the road for their own safety, and for the safety of others. This includes adhering to
local road safety regulations, to remain attentive, to pay attention to the road environment and to
have respect for other road users at all times.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL POLICY
Drilling and Exploration Co. takes Occupational Health Safety and Environment management as an
integral part of good business. We recognize that the use of alcohol and drugs can adversely affect the
job performance, work environment and the safety of our employees, contractors and the general public.
This policy and its related practices apply to all employees when they are engaged in the company
business working on or off company premises and driving company vehicles. Drilling and Exploration Co.
contractors and visitors are expected to comply with all stipulated policies and procedures. To minimize
the risk of unsafe and unsatisfactory, performance due to alcohol or drugs employees are expected to
report fit for work and remain fit for work throughout their workday or shift.
The following are expressly prohibited while on company premises:
 Reporting for work under the influence of intoxicating liquor or illegal drugs.
 Being on site under the influence of intoxicating liquor or illegal drugs.
 Possessing, consuming or offering to any other person intoxicating liquor whilst at work.
 The use and possession of prescribed medication not authorized for personal use.
 The Distribution and offering for sale illegal drugs or intoxicating liquor at the workplace or
employee residence.
 Employees are to be randomly tested on duty or before duty to at the discretion of the supervisor
or authorised official.
Employees who are concerned about or are experiencing alcohol and drug problems are encouraged to
seek assistance before job performance is impacted.
Visitors and contractors are also subjected to random tests on entrance points to the site and access
granted based on results.
Disciplinary action will be taken in accordance with the Code of conduct and Labour Law requirements
when the policy has been violated.
The policy shall be reviewed periodically.

SIGNAGE
INFORMATIVE
First Aid Box Assembly Point Portable Water

Manned First Aid Station Emergency Phone

Direction Sign
Escape Route Direction Eye Wash Station Escape Direction
WARNING SIGNS
Electrical Hazard Caution : General Danger Hot Surface
Fire Hazard/ Flammable Slippery Surface Suspended Loads

MANDATORY SIGNS
Hard Hat Reflective Clothing Place Litter In Bin

Hand Protection Fall Protection Leg/ Foot Protection
Wear Protective Clothing Face Protection Apron
Respiratory Protection Required

Hearing Protection Eye Protection
PROHIBITION
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

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DRILLING & EXPLORATION

EXPLORATION DRILLING BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .............................................................................37

DRILLING HAZARDS ...............................................................................................................................................49

EXPLORATION DRILLING BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Safe is not a priority, it’s a PRECONDITION …SAFETY FIRST!!!

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

Drilling and Exploration Co. Aims to:

HSE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

 Provide appropriate resources, tools, and training for employees.

 Conduct and document safety meetings.

 Correct unsafe acts and conditions promptly.

 Conduct routine safety and environmental inspections and tours.

 Maintain facility emergency plans and conduct regular emergency drills.

 To be advised of the existence of any potential or actual danger to the safety

 Comply with applicable rules, standards, and safe work practices.

 Communicate safety rules and standards to contractors and coworkers.

 Maintain knowledge of safety requirements, including emergency response action.

 Participate in safety meetings.

 Operate, inspect, and maintain facilities in a safe condition.

 Report injuries, spills, unsafe conditions, near misses, and incidents

 Assist in incident investigations as necessary.

Sub- Contractor Responsibilities

 Operate equipment only with proper authorization and certification.

 Assist in incident investigations as necessary.

LIFE SAVING RULES

Safe Mechanical Lifting

Fit for Work

Mobile Equipment use and Driving