“pat MK® pee iO NLU CLAT EXFRESS IMPORTANT TOPICS of INOW EMIETE A025 CONTENTS Former Navy personnel sentenced to death in Qatar Food Safety Index 9. $400 Missile System and Project Kusha. 10. Adaptation Gap Report 2023 ... 11, Devas Antrix Corporation Deal 12. Elephant Corridor of India Report 2023... 13, AI Safety Summit 2023 .... 14, India Bhutan Relationship .... 15. CAFRAL Raises Concems Over NBFC 16. India-US 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue 17. Displacement in Democratic Republic of Congo .... 18. Ben Gurion Canal Project... 19. 6th India-OPEC Energy Dialogue 20. Thousands of Earthquakes Rock Iceland 21. Key Initiatives for Tribal Group... 22. NATO Suspends CFE Treaty Amid Russian Withdrawal 23. ICC CRICKET WORLD CUP 2023 24. SC Ruling On Firecrackers... 1. Lok Sabha Ethies Committee 03 2. India's Bid to Hold the Olympics In 2036 09 3. India to Produce Reference Fuels als 4. Dark Pattern nn a . 5. QR Codes For Food Labels. 25 6. Indian - Bangladesh Inaugurate Major Development Projects 31 1 8 Digital Lending Practis 80 L AW PREP Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar . JAIPUR- 302015 (M) 72400 60099 — Tutorial— a ©Law Prep Tutorial Allright reserved [No par ofthis publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical inching Photocopying, recording, of by any information storage and retrieval system, Any unauthorised use of reproduction ofthese ‘materials shall attract all applicable civil and eximinal law remedies,>} StL MOLK®) WE GO NLU Important Note for the Readers How to use the magazine ‘The magazine consists of topics that hold relevance and importance in relation to CLAT. Each topic has following parts: i News: This section ensures that the readers know what part of the topic has made it to the headlines ofanewspaper Explained: This section helps the reader to know the context of the topic. Explanation that will help the reader understand about the topic is the motive of this, section of the magazine, Before cramming the facts and details about the topic itis, essential that you understand the topic. A little detail has never hurt anybody. Way to marks: your gateway to marks that will help you fetch selection in the CLAT. You memorize the points in such a way that they are backed by the understanding of each, and every word written in this section. You can always investigate the internet or take help from teacher for the points you do not understand, Blind rote-leaming of the points is not advisable for an unpredictable exam such as CLAT. s section of the topi Pepper it with: This section contains those topics which are related to the main topic discussed throughout the page. A little information on the periphery helps you answer those questions that are not part of the daily news but have crawled into the exam paper to fetch you another mark. Topics that are on the side of the main news have often helped in gaining that last mark which eventually puts you into the final selection listofthe CLAT. Practice Questions: This section has a set of questions to help you gauge your understanding of the topic. You should try and solve the questions once you have thoroughly done the topic. On some days, start with the questions to test yourself for that one situation in the CLAT when you know nothing about the topic, but you will, have to guess the answers. On a side note, some questions might come across to you asa surprise but then when has the CLAT main exam not thrown us off our seats! Happy Learning!“pat MOLK®) WE GO NLU ”, November 2023 (Es TOPIC Sin NEWS Lok Sabha Ethics Committee Why in News? Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla referred BJP MP Nishikant Dubey's complaint against Trinamool Congress (TMC) MP Mahua Moitrato the House Ethics Committee. Explained: The Lok Sabha’s Ethics Committee, headed by BIP's Vinod Kumar Sonkar, is investigating allegations of 'eash-for- query’ involving TMC MP Mahua Moitra and BJP's Nishikant Dubey. During their recent meeting, Moitra accused Sonkar of asking invasive questions, prompting her and opposition members to walk out. With the committee mostly comprising BJP members, there's concern they may treat Moitra’s allegations seriously. Opposition members may submit dissent notes in the comiittee's final report. Dubey alleges that Moitra asked questions in Parliament to target, the Adani Group in exchange for bribes, although Moitra claims she shared her login details without any financial incentives. Inthis complex issue, the Ethics Committee is tasked with evaluating the conduct of MPs and their alleged involvement in unethical practices related to parliamentary questions. The controversy surrounding Mahua Moitra and Nishikant Dubey involves claims of impropriety, which the committee is investigating. The outcome of this inquiry could have significant implications for the political careers and reputations of the MPs involved, and it highlights the challenges of maintaining ethical standards within the legislative process Way to News? © Ithas been alleged that Ms. Moitra took bribes from the CEO of the Hiranandani Group Darshan Hiranandani to ask questions in the Lok Sabha, Mr. Dehadrai is an estranged partner of Ms. Moitra * Mahua Moitrais an MP from Krishnanagar constituency of West Bengal. ‘Way to Marks Ethics Committee.- History - Atthe initiative of the former Prime Minister of India, Shri I-K. Gujral, who then was the Extemal Affairs Minister, ‘a meeting was held in 1996, with the leaders of parties and groups in Rajya Sabha to discuss the ethical conduet ssue of MP's. Thereafter, the matter was placed before the General Purposes Committee of Rajya Sabha in 1997. * The Committee after considering the matter carefully, decided to have an internal mechanism of the House itself which would workasa self-regulatory body forthe members of Rajya Sabha, Thus .The ethics committee was inaugurated by the then Vice-President of India and the Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Shri K.R. Narayanan, on 30 May 197, a.Its first Report was presented on 8 December, 1998, the second Report on 13 December, 1999 and the third Report on 12 August 2002. wwwlawpreptutorialcom 1 rouowusnow @@O@ 03“pat MOLK®) WEGO NLU Law PRE Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutorial * The Committee of Privileges finally recommended the constitution of an Ethics Committee during the 13th Lok Sabha. The late Speaker, G M C Balayogi, constituted an ad hoc Ethies Committee in 2000, which became a permanent part of the House only in 2015 © The Ethies Committee was first constituted in the Lok Sabha in 2000. It was made a permanent committee in the Lok Sabha in 2015. Procedure of Committee - © Upon receiving a complaint, the committee conducts a preliminary inquiry to determine whether it should be examined further. Ifthe committee decide: the member concemed with an opportunity to be heard. * After examining a complaint, the committee makes recommendations to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha or the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, Based on these recommendations, the Speaker or the Chairman may take appropriate actions, which can include issuing warnings, admonishments, or recommending the expulsion of the member from therespective house. Limitations and criticisms + The work of the Ethics Committee sometimes overlaps with the Committee on Privileges, as both committees may handle matters related to the conduct of MPs, The Committee on Privileges, in addition to overseeing the conduct of MBs, is responsible for safeguarding the freedom, authority, and dignity of the Parliament asa whole. 2005 cash-for-query case In 2005, the two Houses adopted motions to expel 10 Lok Sabha MPs and one Rajya Sabha MP who were accused of agreeing to ask questions in Parliament for money. The motion in Lok Sabha was based on the report of a special committee set up by the Speaker under Chandigarh MP PK Bansal to examine the issue. Code of Conduct in Lok Sabha * The Ethics Committee has been constituted for every newly elected Lok Sabha (since 13th Lok Sabha) * The Ethics Committee was mandated in August 2015 to formulate a code of conduet for Lok Sabha members and, suggest amendments o the code from time to time, + The Committee examines every complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker and make such recommendations asit may deem fit, Scan the code to download the answer key of this month's magazine. ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 04“pat MOLK®) WE GO NLU Current Affairs November 2023 Law PRE ‘Tutortal: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RAJYA SABHA AND LOK SABHA ETHICS COMMITTEE! Criteria Ethies Committee of Rajya Sabha Ethies Committee of Lok Sabha Composition and tenure Composition: Ten members. Tenure: Committee holds office until new committee is appointed, the casual vacancies arising are filled by the Chairman from time to time. + Composition: 15 members who are nominated by the Speaker. + Committee holds office for a term not exceeding one year. Functions To oversee the moral and ethical conduct of members. To prepare a Code of Conduct for members and-—sto suggest amendments or additions to the Code from time to time in the form of reports to the Council. To examine cases concerning the alleged breach of the Code of Conduct by members as also cases concerning allegations of any other ethical misconduct of members. To tender advice to members from time to time on questions involving ethical standards either Suo Moto or on receiving specific requests. * To examineevery complaint relating to unethical conduct of a member of Lok Sabha referred to it by the Speaker and make such recommendations as it may deem fit. «To formulate a Code of Conduct for ‘members and suggest amendments or additions to the Code of Conduct from time to time, Powers Code of conductto regulate the conduct of members has been brought out for members of Rajya Sabha, Ethics Committee examines the moral and ethical conduct of, members of Rajya Sabha based on this code. Rajya Sabha maintains a register of interests of its allows the Ethics Committee of Rajya Sabha to check for possible conflict of interest of members of Rajya Sabha, members which * Code of conduct for members of Lok Sabha is not present. + No such record is maintained by Lok Sabha, member has to state their own interests to the Chairman. * Since the Code of Conduct and Register of Interests is not present. Current Prakash Javdekar * Vinod Kumar Sonkar, a BJP MP from Kaushambi Saal ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO 05“pat MOLK®) WEGO NLU Law PRE Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutorial Saal ‘The members of the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee are: © Vinod Kumar Sonkar, BJP MP inu Dat Sharma, BJP + Sumedhanand Saraswati, BJP + Aparajita Sarangi, BJP + Rajdeep Roy, BIP + Sunita Duggal, BJP © Subhash Bhamre, BJP # Ve Vaithilingam, Congress + NUttam Kumar Reddy, Congress + Preneet Kaur, Congress ‘What are the Rules Governing Privilege? + The Constitution (Article 105) mentions two privileges.ie. freedom of speech in Parliament and right of publication ofits proceedings, + Rule No 222 in Chapter 20 of the Lok Sabha Rule Book and correspondingly Rule 187 in Chapter 16 of the Rajya Sabha rulebook governs privilege. = Amember may, with the consent of the Speaker or the Chairperson, raise a question involving a breach of privilege either ofa member or of the House: + The rules mandate that any notice should be relating to an incident of recent occurrence and should need the intervention of the House. Suspension under Privilege committee recently ~ + Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, an Indian politician and leader of the Indian National Congress in the 17th Lok Sabha, ‘was suspended for comparing a fugitive businessman with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, The motion to suspend Chowdhury was passed by the Lok Sabha during the monsoon session. However, the suspension was lifted onAugust 30,2023. + Chowdhury has been the Member of Parliament from Berhampore since 1999. Pepper it with + Parliamentary privilages and conduct rules of lok sabha, ‘* Maharashtra speaker role and 10° schedule, ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 06Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutor GCL_MOLK WE GO ne Law PREP Saal PRACTICE QUESTIONS ‘Who heads the Lok Sabha's Ethies Committee? (a) Mahua Moitra (b) Vinod Kumar Sonkar (©) Nishikant Dubey (¢) Om Birla Which TMC MP is involved in the ‘cash-for-query' investigation? (a) Mahua Moitra (b) Vinod Kumar Sonkar (©) Nishikant Dubey (@) Om Birla Which MP accused Mahua Moitra of asking questions to target the Adani Group in exchange for bribes? (a) Mahua Moitra (b) Vinod Kumar Sonkar (©) Nishikant Dubey (d) Om Birla When was the Ethics Committee first constituted in the Lok Sabha? (a) 1996 (b) 2000 (c) 2015 (d) 2022 Who initiated the meeting in 1996 to discuss the ethical conduct of MPs? (a) Om Birla (©) LK. Gujral (c) Vinod Kumar Sonkar (d) Nishikant Dubey Which group is Mahua Moitra accused of targeting in Parliament for bribes? (a) Hiranandani Group (b) Adani Group (©) Tata Group (d) Reliance Group ‘When was the Ethics Committee made a permanent part of the Lok Sabha (@) 1996 (b) 2000 (©) 2015 (@) 2022 Who is the estranged partner of Mahua Moitra mentioned in the allegations? (a) Vinod Kumar Sonkar (b) Darshan Hiranandani (©) Nishikant Dubey (@) Om Birla ‘Who referred Nishikant Dubey’s complaint to the House Ethics Committee? (a) Mahua Moitra (b) Vinod Kumar Sonkar (©) Nishikant Dubey (d) Om Birla In the 2005 cash-for-query case, how many Lok Sabha MPs were expelled? @ 5 (b) 10 (©) 15 (@) 20 ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO 07Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutor GCL_MOLK WE GO ne Law PREP Tt 12 15. 1. 18. 19. 20. Saal ‘Who recommended the constitution of an Ethics Committee during the 13th Lok Sabha? (a) LK. Gujral (b) GMC Balayogi (©) KR. Narayanan (d) Om Birla Which state does Mahua Moitra represent in the Lok Sabha? (@) West Bengal (b) Maharashtra (©) Uttar Pradesh (@) Karnataka When was the Ethies Committee first constituted in the Rajya Sabha? (a) 1996 (b) 2000 (©) 2015 (a) 2022 Who is responsible for safeguarding the freedom, authority, and dignity of Parliament? (@) Ethics Committee (b) Committee on Privileges (©) Lok Sabha Speaker (@) Rajya Sabha Chairman Which Lok Sabha MP was suspended for comparing a businessman with Prime Minister Narendra Modi? (@) Mahua Moitra (b) Vinod Kumar Sonkar (©) Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury (d) Nishikant Dubey ‘What is mentioned in Article 105 of the Constitution regarding privileges? (a) Freedom of speech (b) Right to vote (©) Right to privacy (d) Right to property ‘Which rule governs privilege in the Lok Sabha? (a) Rule No 105 (b) Rule No 187 (c) Rule No 222 (d) Rule No 500 Who lifted the suspension of Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury? (@) Lok Sabha Speaker (b) Rajya Sabha Chairman (©) Ethics Committee (4) Nishikant Dubey Which MP accused Mahua Moitra of taking bribes from the CEO of the Hiranandani Group? (@) Nishikant Dubey (b) Vinod Kumar Sonkar (¢) Darshan Hiranandani (@) Om Birla ‘Who initiated the internal mechanism for the Ethies Committee in the Rajya Sabha? (@) LK. Gujral (6) GMC Balayogi (©) KR. Narayanan (d) Om Birla ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 08GCL_MOCK SORES Bo pie 4 ‘ , {.s November 2023 \ 141% Session (232, TOPIC 45.7 October 2072 MEWS India's Bid to Hold the Olympics In 2036 Why in News? India has presented its bid to hold Olympies in 2036 Explained: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has expressed India's ambition to host the Olympics in 2036, vowing to spare no effort in ‘bringing the Games to the country for the first time. The Indian government and the Indian Olympic Association (TOA) are set to establish a joint committee to explore the bid's possibilities. The decision to host the 2036 Olympics won't be ‘made until the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) election next year. Importantly, the bid isn’t limited to a single city; itcan encompass multiple cities, regions, or even involve multiple nations, India has initiated discussions with the IOC, indicating its serious intent to pursue the bid, with informal meetings already taking place between IOC members, TOA chief PT Usha, and Sports Minister Anurag Thakur during the IOC Session in Mumbai, Way to News? ‘+ Prime Minister has recently articulated regarding India's aspiration to host the 2036 Summer Olympics during the opening ceremony of the 141" International Olympic Committee session in Mumbai. * PMalso statd that India is Willing to host the 2029 Youth Olympi © China, South Korea, and Japan are the only Asian countries to have hosted the Olympics, with Japan having hosted the games in both 1964 and 2020. © Mr. Modi presented scientific evidence of this ancient sport legacy of India, mentioning the Dholavira UNESCO. World Heritage site in Gujarat and the sports infrastructure found in the urban planning of this 5000-year-old ci ‘Way to Marks About Olympics Origins Began in ancient Greece in 776 BCE in Olympia. Revival Revived by Pierre de Coubertin in 1896 in Athens, Greece, Five Rings Olympic flag features five interlocking rings representing unity among 5 continents, Olympic Motto | “Citius, Altius, Fortius” (Faster, Higher, Stronger) reflects the pursuit of excellence. Sports Included | Features a diverse range of sports, fiom athletics and swimming to archery and gymnastics, Discontinued ‘Some sports, like tug of war and live pigeon shooting, have been removed. Sports wwwlawpreptutorialcom 1 rouowusnow @@O@ 09“pat MOLK®) WE GO NLU LAW PREI Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutorial Saal Cost of Hosting the Olympics + Expensive Endeavor: Bidding for the Olympics is a costly proposition, with countries spending $50-100 million, even for unsuccessful bids. In case ofa successful bid, the expenses can soar into billions of dollars. + Examples of Expenditure: Tokyo spent $150 million for its failed 2016 bid and even more for the successful 2020, bid. Toronto refrained from bidding due to the $60 million cost for the 2024 bid. * The high cost of the 2004 Games in Athens contributed to Greece's economic crash in 2008. Montreal was famed for taking 30 years to pay off debts accumulated from holding the 1976 Olympics. © The Rio de Janeiro Olympies in 2016 cost Brazil $13bn, including $2bn in operational losses. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics cost an estimated $35bn with huge los. Funding the Olympies Expenses + Local Government Responsibility: The majority of expenses, especially on infrastructure, are shouldered by the local government and are spread across the country's budget. © Borrowing for Cost Overruns: often resort to borrowing to cover cost overruns. The IOC contributes some revenue to the host country, bu it constitutes relatively small amount, ¢., $1.5 billion for Rio De Janeiro in 2016. Assessing the Worth of Hosting the Olympics * Benefits of Hosting: Hosting the Olympics elevates a country's global status, promotes it as an investment and tourist destination + Cautions on Overspending: Excessive spending can have dire consequences, as seen with Canada's 30-year debt from the 1976 Montreal Games, the impact on Greece's financial crisis after the 2004 Athens Olympies, and Rio's ‘$900 million bailout request from the Brazilian government, * Positive Outcomes: In some cases, such as Beijing, hosting the Olympics led to significant GDP growth acceleration, by at least 0.8%, Rules about Hosting City for the Olympies: ‘Traditional System: Cities submit a letter of interest to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It involved a lengthy mul multi-step evaluation process. ear, Hosts were selected seven yearsin advance. New Approach: Olympic Agenda 2020: In 2013, Thomas Bach became the IOC president and introduced the Olympic Agenda 2020, a blueprint for the Olympic Movement’s future, In 2014, the agenda was approved during the IOC session. A key aspect was the "new norm’ for selecting host cities, which was officially adopted in 2019 during the IOC session in Lausanne, Switzerland. Itreplaced the seven-year rule forselecting hosts with greater flexibility. Emphasized flexibility, sustainability, and cost-effeetiveness with the motto region does not adapt to the Games.” 1e Games adapt to the region, the Itconsists of two stages: continuous dialogue and targeted dialogue. Continuous dialogue allows flexible master plans without specific deadlines ‘Targeted dialogue lasts up to 12 months, involving detailed discussions, guarantees, and an advisory report. * Bidding: National Olympic Committees select cities within their territories to bid for hosting the Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games automatically included in the bid ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 10“pat MOLK®) WEGO NLU Law PRE Current Affairs November 2023 | © The application to host the Games is made by the c! government. authority of the city, with the support of the national * Selection: The host for future Olympic Games is chosen by the members of the International Olympic Committee (JOC) during their Session. through a majority vote by secret ballot, with each active member having one vote. © Elimination: In case of no majority in the first round, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, with further rounds ifneeded, © Selection Process: Behi setion for the 2032 Olympies. * 2036 Host: The 2036 host will be chosen not before 2026 or 2027. ms now determine hosts, as seen in Brisbane's s \d-the-scenes negoti India at Olympies— * India first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900, with a lone athlete Norman Pritchard winning two medals — both silver—in athletics and became the first Asian nation to win an Olympic medal, ‘+ The nation first sent a team to the Summer Olympic Games in 1920 and has participated in every Summer Games since then, * Ahead of the 1920 Games, Sir Dorabji Tata and Governor of Bombay George Lloyd helped India secure representation at the International Olympic Committee, enabling it to participate in the Games # India hasalso competed at several Winter Olympic Games beginning in 1964. * Indian athletes have won 35 medals, all at the Summer Games. Fora period of time, the Indian Men's Field Hockey Team was dominant in Olympic competition, winning eleven medals in twelve Olympics between 1928 and 1980. ‘The run included eight gold medals of which six were won consecutively from 1928 to 1956. * The Indian field hockey team dominated the Olympics from 1928 to 1936 winning an unprecedented three consecutive titles. In the 1928 Summer Olympics final India defeated Netherlands 3-0. It was the first gold medal ‘won by any nation from Asia atthe modem Olympic Games, * In 1932 Summer Olympics India defeated United States 24-1, the largest margin of victory in Olympics history + In 1936 Summer Olympics final they defeated Germany 8-1, the largest margin of victory ever in an Olympic final, * Atthe 1952 Summer Olympics wrestler. D. Jadhay won the first individual medal for independent India * At the 1960 Rome Olympics the hockey team lost the final and had to settle for a silver medal. [17] The team bounced back by winning gold atthe 1964 Summer Olympics, + 1n1976 Summer Olympics India went home empty handed, the first time since 1924. * Atthe 2020 Summer Olympies (held in 2021), India was represented by a new record numberof 124 athletes. * IN 2020 Tokyo Olympics India won a total of 7 medals with I gold 2 silverand 4 bronze. * Saikhom Mirabai Chanu secured a silver in the weightlifting women's category of 49 kg on the opening day, the first time India won a medal on the opening day ofany Olympics. + P.V. Sindhu defeated China's He Bingjiao in the Women’s singles badminton bronze-medal match in straight games, thus becoming the first Indian woman to win two individual Olympic medals. # Neeraj Chopra won the gold in Javelin Throw, becoming the first Indian to wina gold medal in track and field andthe second Indian to win an individual Olympic gold © InMen's Field Hockey, India won a bronze medal. This medal came after a gap of 41 years, having last won a gold ‘medal in Moscow 1980. ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO i“pat MOLK®) WEGO NLU Law PRE Current Affairs November 2023 | * Inthe wrestling competitions, Ravi Kumar Dahiya wona silver medal and Bajrang Punia won a bronze medal. Olympic debutant Lovlina Borgohain took bronze in women's boxing. She became only the second woman to win an Olympic medal in boxing, * Thehaul of 7 medalsis the best performance for India in the Olympics history. India at Paralympics. * India made its Summer Paralympic debut at the 1968 Games, competed again in 1972, and then was absent until the 1984Games. ‘The country has participated in every edition of the Summer games since then. Ithas never participated in the Winter Paralympic Games. © India's first medal in Paralympics came in 1972 Games, with Murlikant Petkar winning a gold medal in swimming, * India's best finish yet has been in the 2020 Games, at 24th place with a medal haul of 19 medals (5 gold, 8 silverand 6 bronze) ‘The 2020 Tokyo Games added karate, skateboarding, sport climbing and surfing. + Upcoming Event © Summer Olympics 2024: Paris, France ©. Winter Olympics 2026: Milan-Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy © Summer Olympies 2028: Los Angeles, USA © Summer Olympics 2032: Brisbane, Australia International Multi Sporting events hosted by India, * Asian Games: 1951 and 1982 * Commonwealth Games: 2010 + South Asian Games: 1987, 1995, 2016, Pepper it with + Tokyo Olympic Games + Corruption in commonwealth games 2010-11 ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 2Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutor GCL_MOLK WE GO ne Law PREP Saal PRACTICE QUESTIONS Who is the current president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)? (a) Pierre de Coubertin (b) Demetrios Vikelas (©) Thomas Bach (@) PT. Usha When did India first participate in the Olympic Games? (a) 1920 (b) 1900 (©) 1968 (a) 1952 Which country hosted the 2020 Summer Olympics? (@) China (b) Brazil (©) Japan (@) India ‘What is the Olympic motto? (@) "Unity in Diversity" (b) "Faster, Higher, Stronger” (©) "Harmony in Motion" (@) "Victory through Courage" In which year did India win its first individual Olympic gold medal? (a) 1952 (b) 1980 (©) 2021 (a) 1964 Who won the gold in Javelin ‘Throw at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics? (@) P.V. Sindhu (b) Neeraj Chopra (©) Lovlina Borgohain (@) Ravi Kumar Dahiya Which city will host the Summer Olympics in 2028? (a) Tokyo (b) Paris (©) Los Angeles (@) Brisbane What is the total number of medals India won in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics? @ 5 (e)7 © 10 @ 15 ‘Who won India's first Paralympic gold medal in 1972? (@) PT. Usha (b) Murlikant Petkar (©) Neeraj Chopra (@) K.D. Jadhav Which country is the only Asian nation to have hosted the Olympics twice? (a) India (b) China (©) Japan (@) South Korea ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO 13Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutor GCL_MOLK WE GO ne Law PREP Tt 12 15. 1. 20. Saal When did India first compete in the Winter Olympic Games? (a) 1968 (b) 1984 (©) 1920 (@ 1972 Who won the silver in weightlifting women's category at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics? (a) P.T. Usha (b) Saikhom Mirabai Chana (©) Lovlina Borgohain (@) Neeraj Chopra In which year did India host the Commonwealth Games? (a) 1951 (b) 2010 (©) 1982 (d) 1995 Who founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC)? (a) Pierre de Coubertin (b) Demetrios Vikelas (©) Thomas Bach (@) Sir Dorabjee Tata What is the current Olympic motto? (a) "Unity in Diversity" (b) "Faster, Higher, Stronger” (©) "Harmony in Motion" (@) "Victory through Courage” Which sport was added to the 2020 Tokyo Games? (a) Wrestling (b) Karate (©) Archery (@) Table Tennis, Who is the current president of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA)? (a) P.T. Usha (b) Neeraj Chopra (©) Sit Dorabjee Tata (@) Anurag Thakur Which country will host the Summer Olympics in 2032? (@) Paris (b) Brisbane (©) Tokyo (d) Beijing How many gold medals did India win in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics? @1 (bo) 2 © 3 4 Which Indian city hosted the Asian Games in 1951? (a) New Delhi (6) Mumbai (©) Kolkata (@) Chennai ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 14“pat MOLK®) WE GO NLU “\, November 2023 , TOPIC inNEWS Cae ew India to Produce Reference Fuels Why in News? India has joined the League of Nations producing ‘reference’ petrol and diesel, specialized fuels used for testingautomobiles. Explained: Reference fuels are standardized substances used to calibrate engines and assess fuel quality. In India, developing reference fuels holds immense significance due to the country's diverse fuel landscape. Creating precise benchmarks aids in evaluating local fuels, ensuring compliance with emission standards, and enhancing engine efficiency, Generating India-specific reference fuels is crucial for accurate testing methodologies, facilitating the adaptation of engines to regional fuel variations, optimizing performance, and mitigating environmental impact. These standardized fuels serve as vital tools in research, development, and regulation, playing a pivotal role in fostering sustainable energy solutions tailored to India’s unique fuel compositions and driving conditions. Way to News? What are reference fuels? * Reference fuels' (gasoline and diesel) are premium high-value products, used for calibration and testing of vehicles by auto OEMs and organizations involved in testing and certification in the automotive field + Forvehicle testing purposes, the fuel has to be of higher grade than regular or premium petrol and diesel. + The host of specifications -- from Cetane number to flash point, viscosity, sulphur and water content, hydrogen purity and acid number -- are listed under government regulations, such fuels are referred to as ‘reference’ petrol/diesel. About Reference Fuels: * Reference fuels (Gasoline and Diesel) are premium, high-value products used for calibration and testing of vehicles by auto OEMs and organisations involved in testing and certification in the automotive field + IndianOil has successfully commenced the production of Reference Gasoline and Diesel Fuels for the first time in India. These fuels are used for calibration and testing of vehicles by automobile manufacturers and testing agencies like ICAT (International Centre for Automotive Technology) and ARAI (Automotive Research Association of India), * These indigenously developed products will lead to import substitution at better price and a shorter lead time for the vehicle manufacturers. * Reference Gasoline fuels will be available in EO, ES, E10, £20, E85, and E100 from Flagship Paradip Refinery. ‘+ Reference diesel fuel shall beavailable in B7 grade from Panipat Refinery. + Thedemand for Reference Fuels in India is currently met by imports from other countries wwwlawpreptutorialcom 1 rouowusnow @@O@ 15“pat MOLK®) WEGO NLU Law PRE Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutorial Saal * The indigenously developed product by IndianOil meets Automotive Industry Standard (AIS) specifications, substitutes imports, and is available at better price with reduced lead time. * Indian Oil Corporation Limited has established facilities for the production of Reference Gasoline Fuels (E-5, E-10 and E-20) atts Paradip Refinery and Reference Diesel Fuel (B-7)at its Panipat refinery. Why do we need reference fuels? * Reference fuels are required by automobile manufacturers for developing engines and assessing vehicles! performance to ensure operability in all global climatic conditions. + Currently, these reference fuels are being imported by India from select companies in Europe and the US. Who has indigenously produced Reference Fuel? * Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) has indigenously developed ‘reference’ grade petrol at its Paradip refinery in Odisha and diesel at its Panipat unit in Haryana, © Reference gasoline (petrol) fuels will be available in E0, E5, E10, E20, E85, E100. © Reference diesel fuel shall be available in B7 grade. What are the benefits of using Reference Fuel? * 1.Self Reliance: India has historically depended on imports to fulfill the need for reference fuel, Now it has been produced ndigenously- This will reduce dependency on imports ofreference fuel, + 2.High Octane Number: Reference’ fel has higher octane numbers (97) compared to regular (87) and premium, (91) fuels, crucial for accurate vehicle testing, Note: Octane number isa unit to measure the ignition quality of petrol or diesel. © 3.Cost Advantage: Regularpetrol and diesel cost around Rs 90-96 per litre while imported 're at Rs 800-850,Producing it domestically will lower the cost to about R&-450 per litre fuel is priced In 's Oil Import Dependence ‘India's oil import dependence has been increasing in recent years. India's oil import dependency was 87.4% in 2022-23, 85.5% in 2021-22, 84.4% in 2020-21, 85% in 2019-20, and 83.8% in 2018-19. * According to the Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC) of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, India’s oil import dependence was 87.8% in August 2023, compared to 86.5% in the corresponding period a year ago. + India's imports from OPEC countries constitute 85% of our total crude imports and 94% of the gas imports * According to the World Energy Outlook 2021 data, India ranks 3rd globally in oil imports after China and the U.S. The oil demand is growing at 3-4% a year in India, * As of March 2023, Russia remained India's primary source of crude oil, contributing significantly to the country's petrol and diesel production through its supply. * Russia's share of India’s crude oil imports had increased to 1.64 million barrels per day, representing 34% of India's total oil imports for that month. * Following Russia, Saudi Arabia held the position of the second-largest crude oil supplier to India, with Iraq ranking as the third largest supplier during the same period India also ranks among the top four importers of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the world. * Minister of Petroleum- Shri Hardeep Singh Puri * India also ranks among the top four importers of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the world. # Minister of Petroleum- Shri Hardeep Singh Puri ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 16“pat MOLK®) WE'GO NLU Current Affairs November 2023 How fuels differ? © Thebiggest difference between the normal and premium fuel lies in the octane number. © Theregular fuel hasan octane number of 87, but premium fuel hasan octane number of 91 + Reference grade fuel comes with a97 octane number. Points tounderstand- * £0, F5, £10, £20, E85, E100 refer to different ethanol-gasoline blends. Ethanol blending is the process of mixing ethanol with gasoline to create various ethanol-gasoline blends. This blending is aimed at reducing the overall carbon footprint and emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles. * Diesel B7isa fuel with added biocomponents of up to7% © Octane Number: (© It measures the fuel’s resistance to engine knocking. Higher octane numbers signify better resistance to premature combustion in gasoline. © Cetane Number © Indicates the ignition quality of diesel fu higher cetane numbersignifies easier ignition. Pepper it with «Biofuels Policy of India Dear Lpéians B S We create mostinventive, authentic and valuable material by putting’n lot Ottis omer Teh roa COT conreMteee sient na ru Ct Deeoreie Stontrorers Scrccstienzcnnuni stance ASST prep. To prevent this unfa ity, be Vigilant andinform us if EUV hey CHF ANystom Dino oe Tey rote Unauthorised copying or usage of LawsPrep material is illegalCand 2Punishable by imprisonment and fine? under AROSE wwwlawpreptutorialcom | rouowusnow @QO@ 7Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutor GCL_MOLK WE GO ne Law PREP Saal PRACTICE QUESTIONS ‘What is the primary purpose of reference fuels? (a) Cooking (b) Calibration (© Cleaning (d) Construction Which company has indigenously produced reference fuels in India? (@ BP (b) ExxonMobil (©) Indian Oil Corporation (@) Chevron ‘What is the octane number of reference gasoline? (@) 87 (b) 91 © 97 (@) 100 ‘What does E0, E5, £10, etc, refer to in the context of reference fuels? (@) Engine Models (b) Ethanol-Gasoline Blends (©) Energy Levels (@ Environmental Standards Which facility produces reference gasoline fuels in India? (2) Panipat Refinery (b) Paradip Refinery (©) Mumbai Refinery (@) Chennai Refinery What is the primary benefit of using reference fuels for automobile manufacturers? (@) Cost Reduction (b) Vehicle Calibration (©) Cooking Efficiency (d) Construction Durability Which ministry oversees the Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC)? (@) Ministry of Finance (b) Ministry of External Affairs (©) Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, (d) Ministry of Environment What is the primary reason for India’s oil import dependence? (a) Strategie Alliances (b) Environmental Concerns (©) Domestic Production Shortage (@) Economie Growth Which country is India's primary source of crude oil as of March 2023? (a) Saudi Arabia (b) Iraq, (©) Russia (d) United States What does B7 signify in reference to diesel fuel? (a) 7% Biocomponents (b) 70% Biocomponents (0) 7% Ethanol (d) 7% Biodiesel ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 18Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutor GCL_MOLK WE GO ne Law PREP Tt 12 15. 20, Saal Who is the Minister of Petroleum in India? (a) Narendra Modi (b) Hardeep § Puri (©) Rameswar Teli (d) Dharmendra Pradhan What does LNG stand for in the context of fuel imports? (@) Liquid Nitrogen Gas (b) Liquefied Natural Gas (©) Low-Noise Gas (4) Longitudinal Navigation Gas Which country is India's second-largest crude oil supplier as of March 2023? (@) Iraq (b) Saudi Arabia (0) Russia (d) United States ‘What does the Cetane number measure in diesel fuel? (@) Fuel Density (b) Ignition Quality (©) Viscosity (@) Flash Point What is the primary reason for blending ethanol with gasoline? (a) Increase Cost (b) Reduce Carbon Footprint (©) Enhance Color (d) Improve Aroma Which organization is responsible for testing and certification in the automotive field in India? (a) ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) (b) ICAT (International Centre for Automotive Technology) (©) DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation) (@) BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre) ‘What is the primary unit for measuring the ignition quality of petrol? (@) Octane Number (b) Celsius (©) Pascal (@) Newton Which refinery in India produces reference diesel fuel? (a) Mumbai Refinery (b) Chennai Refinery (©) Panipat Refinery (d) Paradip Refinery ‘What is the primary goal of using reference fuels for vehicle testing? (a) Reduce Fuel Consumption (b) Ensure Operability in All Climates (©) Enhance Vehicle Speed (d) Increase Engine Noise Which country docs India rank third globally in oil imports after? (a) China (b) Russia (©) United States (d) Saudi Arabia ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO 19>} StL MOLK®) WE GO NLU ., November 2023 , TOPIC nNEWS Why in News? ‘The government has solicited comments on Draft Dark Pattern Guidelines from general public. Explained: ‘The draft guidelines have introduced a definition of "dark patterns," referring to deceptive design practices in user Interfaces that aim to mislead or manipulate users into unintended actions, compromising their autonomy and decision- making, The Ministry's definition encompasses actions on any platform that deceive users, amounting to misleading advertisements or violations of consumer rights. It specifically identifies tacties like "false urgency," where a sense of urgency is falsely conveyed, and "basket sneaking," involving the addition of extra items during checkout without user consent. Another recognized tactic is "confirm shaming," where phrases, videos, or audio elements are employed to instil fear, shame, ridicule, or guilt in users. These guidelines are designed to eurb such practices, ensuring fair and transparent interactions between users and online platforms By addressing various types of dark pattems, such as creating a false sense of urgency and including unauthorized items in shopping baskets, the Ministry's draft guidelines aim to protect consumers from manipulative online practices. The focus on preventing confirm shaming, which induces negative emotions in users, reflects a commitment to fostering a more ethical and user-friendly online environment while safeguarding consumer rights, Way to News? Due to complaints of deceptive practices by airlines and online travel agents, the Indian Ministry of Civil Aviation has urged IndiGo to fix its website, which a government officials have termed as a Dark Pattern “cybercrime.” Way to marks Whatare dark patterns? * Darkpatterns are design choices that exploit cognitive biases, emotional triggers, or deceptive wordingto influence user behaviour. They often make it difficult for users to access or understand the information they need, or to exercise theirrights and preferences. + Theterm was coined by Harry Brignull, a user experience (UX) designer, in 2010. Whatare the different types of dark patterns identified by Consumer Affairs Ministry? ‘The Consumer A ffairs Ministry has identified nine types of dark patterns, + False Urgency: This tactic creates a sense of urgency or scarcity to pressure consumers into making a purchase or takingan action, * Basket Sneaking: Websites or apps use dark patterns to add additional products or services to the shopping cart withoutuserconsent, © Subscription Traps: This tactic makes it easy for consumers to sign up fora service but difficult for them to cancel it, often by hiding the cancellation option or requiring multiple steps. Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 20“pat MOLK®) WEGO NLU Law PRE Current Affairs November 2023 | * Confirm Shaming: It involves guilt as a way to make consumers obey. It criticizes or attack consumers for not conforming to. particular belief or viewpoint. © Forced At foraservi ‘This involves forcing consumers into taking an action they may not want to take, such as signing up toaccess content, + Nagging: Itrefers to persistent, repetitive and annoyingly constant criticism, complaints, requests for action, + Interface Interference: This tactic involves making it difficult for consumers to take certain actions, such as ‘canceling a subscription or deleting anaccount, * Baitand Switch: This involves advertising one product or service but delivering another, often of lower quality. © Hidden Costs: Thi ‘makinga purchase. tactic involves hiding additional costs from consumers until they are already committed to * Disguised Ads: Disguised ads are advertisements that are designed to look like other types of content, such as news articles or user-generated content. Some examples— * Amazon: Amazon came under fire in the EU for its confusing, multi-step cancellation process for the Amazon Prime subscription. + Aftercommunicating with consumer regulators, Amazon made its cancellation process easier for online customers in European countries. © Linkedn: In social media, LinkedIn users often receive unsolicited, sponsored messages from influencers, © Disabling this option is a difficult process with multiple steps that requires users to be familiar with the platform controls, * Instagram: As Meta-owned Instagram pivots to video-based content to compete against TikTok, users have complained that they are being shown suggested posts they did not wish to see and that they were unable to permanently set preferences, * You Tube: Google-owned YouTube nudges users to sign up for YouTube Premium with pop-ups, obscuring the final seconds of a video with thumbnails of other videos, a way of disrupting what should have been an otherwise smooth user experience. Global Laws Against Dark Patterns: Several governments across the globe have defined ‘dark patterns’ and brought in strict laws against them, © US: Inthe USS., the Federal Trade Commission [FTC] has taken note of dark patterns and the risks they pose. Ina report released in September 2022 year, the regulatory body listed over 30 dark patterns, many of which are considered standard practice across social media platforms and e-commerce sites. * FTC report outlined its legal action against Amazon in 2014, fora supposedly “free” children’s app that fooled its ‘young users into making in-app purchases that their parents had to pay for. © EU: The European Union has enacted Digital Services Act (DSA) to curb the menace of dark pattern and create a safer digital space in which the fundamental rights ofall users of digital services are protected, + DSA regulates digital services that act as “intermediaries” in their role of connecting consumers with content, goodsand services, * This means not only are the likes of Facebook and Google within the scope of the bill, but also Amazon and app stores. ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO 21“pat MOLK®) WE'GO NLU Current Affairs November 2023 * Violations carry the threat ofa fine of 6% of global turnover and, in the most serious cases, a temporary suspension ofthe service. ‘Central Consumer Protection Authority * The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) is a regulatory body established in 2020 based on the © Itworks under the administrative control of the Union Ministry of Consumer Affairs. Structure * TheCCPA consists of three members with the Chief Commissioner as its head. * oneofthe members will deal with matters relating to goods while the other will look into cases relating to services. * TheCCPA willalso havean Investigation Wing headed by a Director General, * District Collectors are also empowered to investigate complaints of violations of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, and false or misleading advertisements © Nidhi Khare is current Chief Commissioner of Central Consumer Protection Authority. Powers © Investigate matters relating to consumer rights violations or unfair trade practices suo moto, or on receiving a ‘complaint, or on a direction from the central government. * Recall goods or withdrawal of services that are “dangerous, hazardous, or unsafe. * Order the refund ofpprices of goods orservices ‘* Impose penalties, and ban the endorser ofa false or misleading advertisement. * File complaints of violation of consumer rights ot unfair trade practices before the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, and the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission. Pepper it with + Important Terms of Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 + Right to Privacy Scan the code to join our Instagram Channel ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 22.GLL_MOLK® WEGO NLU Law PREP Current Affairs November 2023 peas PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. What is the term used to describe deceptive design practices in user interfaces? (@) Dark Arts (b) Dark Patterns (©) Shadow Tacties (@) Deceptive Designs 2. Who coined the term "dark pattems” in 2010? (a) Mark Zuckerberg (b) Steve Jobs (©) Harry Brignull (d) Blon Musk 3. Which tactic involves adding extra items to the shopping cart without user consent? (@) Basket Sneaking (b) Subscription Traps (©) Confirm Shaming (d) Hidden Costs 4, What does "Confirm Shaming” use to make consumers comply? (@) Fear (b) Guilt (©) Excitement (4) Indifference 5. Which dark pattern involves foreing consumers into an action they may not want to take? (a) Nagging (b) Forced Action (0) Interface Interference (d) Bait and Switch 6. What is the term for persistent, repetitive, and annoying criticism or requests for action? (@) Nagging (b) Confirm Shaming (©) Subscription Traps (d) False Urgency 7. Which dark pattern involves making it difficult for consumers to cancel a subscription or delete an account? (@) Interface Interference (b) Subscription Traps (©) Hidden Costs (@) Forced Action 8, What does "Bait and Switch” involve in the context of dark pattems? (@) Hiding costs (b) False urgency (©) Delivering a different product (4) Disguised ads 9. Which global regulatory body listed over 30 dark patterns in a report released in September 2022? (@) WHO (b) FTC (© EU (d) CCPA 10. In 2014, the FTC took legal action against which company for a "free" children’s app with deceptive in-app purchases? (a) Google (b) Facebook (©) Amazon (@) Linkedin ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO 23GCL_MOLK® WE GO NLU LAW PREP Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutor 11, Which legislation in the European Union aims to regulate digital services and combat dark pattem (@) GDPR (b) DSA (© DPA (@ DLA 12. What is the maximum fine under the Digital Services Act for serious violations of dark patterns? (@) 3% of global tumover (b) 6% of global tumover (©) 9% of global turnover (4) 12% of global tumover 13, When was the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) established? (@) 2019 (b) 2020 (©) 2021 (a) 2022 14, Who is the current Chief Commissioner of the Central Consumer Protection Authority? (@) Nidhi Khare (b) Hany Brignull (©) Mark Zuckerberg (@) Blon Musk 15. What is the primary power of the CCPA to investigate matters related to consumer rights violations or unfair trade practices? (@) Impose fines (b) Recall goods (©) Order refunds (@) File complaints 16. Inthe US, which regulatory body has taken note of dark patterns and theit risks? (@) FDA (b) FTC (©) SEC (d) FCC 17, What does the European Union's Digital Services Act regulate in the digital space? (a) Social Media (b) E-commerce (©) Digital services acting as intermediaries () All ofthe above 18. What is the primary focus of the DSA in the European Union? (a) Cybersecurity (b) Dark Patterns (©) Consumer Protection (d) Data Privacy 19, What is the primary penalty under the DSA for serious violations by digital services? (a) Account suspension (b) Fine of 3% of global turnover (©) Fine of 6% of global turnover (d) Fine of 9% of global turnover 20. Which dark pattern involves advertisements designed to look like other types of content, such as news articles or user-generated content? (a) Disguised Ads (b) Hidden Costs (©) Forced Action (d) Bait and Switch ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 24“pat MOLK®) WE GO NLU , TOPIC inNEWS QR Codes For | Food Labels — Why in News? ‘The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSAI) is advocating for the inclusion of QR codes on food. products, a move aimed at enhancing accessibility for visually impaired individuals. Explained: As India grapples with a surge in non-communicable diseases, partly attributed to the increased consumption of pre- packaged foods, the FSSAI’s recommendation is seen as a crucial step to empower consumers with information. The QR codes will enable visually impaired consumers to access essential details about the food products, ensuring they can make informed choices. Consumer advocates, like Ashim Sanyal of Consumer VOICE, emphasize the importance of aligning this initiative with broader efforts, including identifying unhealthy foods and incorporating warning labels in the front-of- packaging sequence. Ina country where the packaged food market is one of the world’s largest, this move not only addresses the global rise in ‘non-communicable diseases but also reflects a commitment to consumer rights and education. By providing a tool for the visually impaired to access information, the FSSAI aims to empower all consumers, promoting transparency and informed decision-making in the purchase of food products. Way tomarks What is QR Code? * AQR Quick Response) code is a type of two-dimensional matrix barcode that can store various types of data, such, asalphanumeric text, website URLs, contact information, and more, * Itwas invented in 1994 by the Japanese company Denso Wave, primarily for the purpose of tracking and labeling, automobile parts. # QRcodes are characterized by their distinctive square shape and a pattern of black squares on.a white background, which can be scanned and interpreted using QR code reader ora smartphone camera. Key Recommendations of the ESSAI 1, FSSAI’s Food Safety and Standards Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020: © The Recommendations are consistent with the FSSAI's Food Safety and Standards (Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020, © Itguarantees that food manufacturers follow labelling regulations, which are essential for food safety and consumer protection, 2, Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act,2016: © The inclusion of QR codes to facilitate accessibility for those with visual impairments aligns with the 2016 Rights, wwwlawpreptutorialcom 1 rouowusnow @@O@ 25“pat MOLK®) WEGO NLU Law PRE Current Affairs November 2023 | of Persons with Disabilities Act. © Itencourages diversity and equal access to essential information. 3. Information Provided by QR Codes: © Complete product specifications, such as ingredients, nutritional data, allergies, manufacturing date, best before/expiry/use by date, allergen notice, and contact information for customer inquiries, will all be included in the QReodes. co Regulations pertaining to the relevant industries stipulate that mandatory information must be provided on the product label; the use of a QR code for information accessibility does not negate ot replace this obligation, Current Concerns Related to Access to Safe Food 1, Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are on the rise in India, 2. Over the past 20 years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has noted an increase in NCDs globally. 3. Pre-packaged foods that are widely available, less expensive, and heavily promoted are partially to blame for these diseases, as they gain popularity among consumers. What information will the QR codes provide? + The FSSAI has advised that these new QR codes should encompass comprehensive details about the product, including, but not limited to, ingredients, nutritional information, allergens, manufacturing date, best before/ expiry/use by date, allergen warning, and contact information forcustomer enquiries + Itadds thatthe inclusion ofa QR code for the accessibility of information does not replace or negate the requirement toprovide mandatory information on the product label, as preseribed by relevant regulations. + The latest advisory caters to two important regulations the FSSAT's Food Safety and Standards (Labeling and Display) Regulations, 2020 which outlines the information to be included on labels of food products and the Rights of Persons with Disabi ss Act, 2016 which recognises the rights of individuals with disabilities and emphasizes accessibility of health for persons with disabilities. How did the QR code come into being? + AQR code is type of two dimensional matrix barcode, invented in 1994, by the Japanese company Denso Wave for labeling automobile parts of NCDs, the FSSAI ha jstribution, sale, and import so that a safe + Toprevent or control further wide issued numerous food and packaging laws and and wholesome food is acts to control their manufacture, storage, available to consumers. # The front of pack labeling (FOPL), proposed by FSSAI in 2019, is a key strategy to alert and educate consumers in ‘making an informed choice. + Food industry experts also note that consumers now consider food packaging equally importantas a product. + The increase in smartphone usage by consumers indicate that QR codes are emerging as one of the most promising, technologies to enhance the information provided to consumers and influence their buying behaviour. ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 26GLL_MOLK® 'WE GO NLU Law Prep| Current Affairs November 2023 Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) + Food Safety and Standards Authority of India is a statutory body under Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. « FSSALisincharge of safeguarding and promoting put + The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) was founded in September 2008 as the top authority on all aspects of food safety and to assure safe and wholesome food to consumers under the requirements of the Food Safety and Standards (FSS) Act, 2006. iealth by regulating and supervising food safety. + The FSS Actwasa compilation of many prior legislation, including: © Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 Fruit Products Order, 1955 © Meat Food Produets Order, 1973 © Vegetable Oil Products (Control) Order, 1947 ©. Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order 1988, © Milkand Milk Products Order, 1992 ‘+ The phrase "food law" refers to legislation that governs the production, trade, and handling of food, and therefore includes the regulation of food control, food safety, quality, and pertinent elements of food commerce along the full food chain, from animal feed supplier to consumer, For more exam related material, scan the code to join our: Telegram Channel wwwlawpreptutorialcom | rouowusnow @QO@ 27Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutor GCL_MOLK WE GO ne Law PREP Saal PRACTICE QUESTIONS ‘What does QR stand for in QR code? (a) Quick Response (b) Quality Recognition (©) Quantum Retrieval (d) Quotient Ratio When was the QR code invented? (a) 1980 (b) 1994 (©) 2005 (@) 2010 Which country's company invented the QR code? (a) China (b) Japan (©) USA (@) Germany Which Act does the inclusion of QR codes align with? (a) Food Safety and Standards Act, 2016 (b) Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (©) Food Labelling and Display Act, 2020 (a) Consumer Rights and Safety Act, 2018 ‘What information will QR codes provide about food products? (a) Only manufacturing date (b) Only contact information (©) Compret (@) Allergen warnings only ive details including ingredients and nutritional information In which year did the World Health Organization note an increase in non-communicable (a) 1990 (b) 200, (©) 2016 (@ 2020 What is the FSSAI's main objective? (a) Promoting public health (b) Regulating automobile parts (©) Controlling smartphone usage (d) Importing food products ‘What does FOPL stand for in the context of FSSAT's initiatives? (a) Food Order and Packaging Law (b) Front-of-Pack Labeling (c) Fast Online Product Locator (d) Food Origin Packaging List When was the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) founded? (a) 2006 (b) 2008 (©) 2010 (@) 2012 ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 28Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutor GCL_MOLK WE GO ne Law PREP 10. rT 15. 16. 1. Saal What is the primary purpose of the FSSAI? (a) Regulating smartphone usage (b) Safeguarding and promoting public health by regulating food safety (©) Controlling automobile parts (d) Importing food products What do the black squares on a white background in a QR code represent? (a) Alphanumeric text (b) Contact information (©) Data storage (d) Encoding errors Which industry does the FSSAT primarily regulate? (@) Automobile (b) Technology (©) Food (d) Textiles ‘What is the purpose of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016? (a) Regulating food safety (b) Promoting diversity and equal access to information (©) Controlling smartphone usage (@) Importing food products ‘What is the main concern addressed by the FSSAI's QR code initiative? (a) Rise in smartphone usage (b) Increase in non-communicable diseases (©) Global economic challenges (@) Food adulteration ‘What is the distinctive shape of @ QR code? (@) Rectangle (b) Circle (©) Triangle (@) Square Who is Ashim Sanyal in the context of the article? (@) FSSAI Chairman (b) Consumer advocate (©) QR code inventor () WHO representative What is the purpose of the FSSAI's Food Safety and Standards (Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020? (@) Regulating smartphone usage (b) Ensuring labelling compliance for food safety and consumer protection (©) Controlling automobile parts (@) Importing food products Which organization noted the global increase in non-communicable diseases over the past 20 years? (a) United Nations (b) World Health Organization (WHO) (©) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) —_ (d) World Trade Organization (WTO) ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO 29BLL_MOLK® 'WE GO NLU Law PREP Tuto Current Affairs November 2023 19, What is the main focus of the FSSAT's Front-of-Pack Labeling (FOPL) initiative (a) Controlling food imports (b) Promoting public health (c) Regulating smartphone usage (d) Educating consumers for informed choices 20. According to the FSSAI, what does the QR code for information accessibility not replace? (a) Mandatory information on the product label (b) Consumer rights (©) Front-of-Pack Labeling (d) Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act For more exam related videos and guidance, scan the code to join our YouTube Channel ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 30,Spall MOLK®) WE'GO NLU AGART. * , ,\ November 2023 BANGLADESH AKHAURA “Le (232 TOPIC Akhaura wy io MEWS INDIA Dhaka ot Agata, 4 —- ‘pura ‘| ian - oe LAT Trip Indian - Bangladesh ExistingBangladesh r : Inaugurate vonfra | Paar \ Major Development Chatogiam N° Projects BAY OF BENGAL Why in News? The Indian and Bangladesh Prime Minister jointly inaugurated key infrastructure projects including the Agartala-Akhaura cross-border rail link project. Explained: India and Bangladesh's bilateral relations are set to reach new heights with the joint inauguration of three pivotal development projects on November 1, 2023. The collaborative efforts, including the Akhaura-A gartala Cross-Border Rail Link, funded by India with a grant of INR 392.52 crore, exemplify the commitment to enhancing cross-border connectivity. This rail link, spanning 12.24 km, is poised to strengthen the ties between the two nations, fostering smoother transportation and facilitating economic cooperation, Furthermore, the Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line, supported by India's concessional Line of Credit at USD 388.92 million, underscores the shared commitment to regional development. By constructing a 65 km broad gauge rail route connecting Mongla Port to Khulna's existing rail network, the initiative significantly bolsters connectivity for Bangladesh's second-largest port, fostering trade and economic growth. The collaborative efforts in these projects not only showcase the strategic cooperation between India and Bangladesh but also emphasize their shared vision for a more integrated and prosperous South Asian region. Way to marks Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina are set to jointly inaugurate three significant development projects on November 1, 2023, through a video conference. This collaborative effort reflects the strong ties between the two nations. Following are the four joint projects between two counties: + Akhaura-Agartala Cross-Border Rail Link + Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line * Maitre Super Thermal Power Plant Unit Il + Strengthening Akhaura-Agartala Cross-Border Rail Link +The first project, the Akhaura-Agartala Cross-Border Rail Link, has been executed with an Indian grant assistance of INR 392.52 crore provided to Bangladesh, This rail link spans 12.24 km, with 6.78 km in Bangladesh and 5.46 km in Tripura, enhancing cross-border connectivity. Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line + The second project, the Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line, has been implemented under India's concessional Line of Credit, with a total project cost of USD 388.92 million. This initiative involves constructing approximately 65 km of broad gauge rail route, connecting the Mongla Port to the existing rail network in Khulna, elevating connectivity for Bangladesh's second-largest port. Connectivity and Energy Security wwwlawpreptutorialcom 1 rouowusnow @@O@ 31“pat MOLK®) WE GO NLU LAW PREI Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutorial Saal Maitree Super Thermal Power Plant Unit IT + Thethitd project, Unit Il of the Maitree Super Thermal Power Plant, is part ofa USD 1. 6 billion Indian Concessional Financing Scheme loan. Located in Rampal, Khulna Division of Bangladesh, this 1320 MW Super Thermal Power Plant isa joint venture between India’s NTPC Ltd and Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB). Unit I was inaugurated in September 2022, and the upcoming inauguration of Unit II on November 1, 2023, marks a significant step toward enhancing energy security in Bangladesh. Comparative Geography: The India vs Bangladesh Border Landscape + Land Boundary: The India-Bangladesh border is the fifth-longest land border in the world, at 4,096 kilometres, + States Sharing Border with Bangladesh: West Bengal (2,217 km), Tripura (856 km), Meghalaya (443 km), Mizoram (318 km), and Assam (262 km), + Transboundary River Systems: India vs Bangladesh Shared Hydrological Landscape © Ganges: It originates in the Himalayas and flows through India and Bangladesh before meeting the Bay of Bengal © Brahmaputra: It originates in Tibet and flows through India and Bangladesh before meeting the Ganges in Bangladesh © Meghna: Itis formed by the confluence of the Surma and Kushiyara rivers, which both flow from India. (© Feni: It flows through the Indian state of Tripura and the Bangladeshi district of Feni. Other rivers: © Otherrivers that pass through the India-Bangladesh border include the Mahananda, Torsa, Dharla, and Ata. istorical Context India vs Bangladesh: India's Rolein the Emergence of Bangladesh asa Nation + Partition of India: After the partition of India in 1947, the region became East Pakistan, one of two wings of the newly formed nation of Pakistan. + Political Imbalance: In the 1950s, Pakistan was dominated by a military-bureaucratic oligarchy in West Pakistan, leaving the Bengalis in East Pakistan with litle political representation, + 1970 General Elections: In the 1970 general elections, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Awami League in East Pakistan wona landslide victory, giving them a clear majority in the Pakistani National Assembly. + West Pakistan's Resistance: West Pakistan was unwilling to allow an East Pakistani leader to rule the country, leading to apolitical crisis + Cultural Differences: The conflict was exacerbated by language and cultural differences between East and West Pakistan. + Operation Searchlight: On March 26, 1971, West Pakistan initiated “Operation Searchlight,” a brutal military crackdown in East Pakistan, leading to widespread suffering anda flood of refugees into India. + Indian Support: India provided a: movement, the Mukti Bahini, + Defeat of Pakistani: istance to the refugees and supported the Bangladeshi guerilla resistance itary: The Indian Army, along with the Mukti Bahini, defeated the Pakistani forces. + Emergence of Bangladesh: This intervention, lasting just 13 days, brought an end to the war and paved the way for the birth of the independent nation of Bangladesh on December 16, 1971. + Recognition by India: India was the first country to recognize Bangladesh as an independent state and established diplomatic relations immediately after its independence in 1971. ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 32,“pat MOLKO WE GO NLU ‘Law PREI Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutorial KEY AREAS OF COOPERATION - INDIA VS BANGLADESH ‘Area of Cooperation Description Security & Border Management Coordinated Border Management plan, signed in 2011, aims to synengize the efforts of both countries” border guarding forces to control cross-border illegal activities and crimes. The India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) 2015 facilitated the exchange of enclaves between India and Bangladesh and the signing of strip maps. ‘The settlement of the maritime boundary arbitration between two countries based on the UNCLOS award in 2014, has opened avenues for economic development in the Bay of Bengal region, benefiting both countries. India and Bangladesh have established an annual Coordinated Patrol (CORPAT) as a joint initiative between their navies, Defence High-level exchanges include the edition of India vs Bangladesh CORPAT “Bangosagar’ exercise, Regional Commanders meeting of Coast Guards and the Annual Defense Dialogues. River Water Management India and Bangladesh have a shared responsibility for managing the waters of 54 rivers, with Bangladesh being the lower riparian country. Bilateral Joint Rivers Commission (JRC) 1972: For developing flood control ‘measures, formulating proposals for advance flood warnings, ete. Ganges Waters Treaty (1996): It has been successfil in facilitating the sharing of water from the River Ganges during the lean season, Kushiyara Pact: India and Bangladesh agreed to share the waters of a significant transboundary river, the Kushiyara, Bilateral Trade India Vs Bangladesh — Bangladesh is India’s biggest trade partner in South Asia, and India is the second biggest trade partner of Bangladesh Both countries are working on joint investments and collaboration under the ‘Blue Economy” program, which focuses on the exploration of hydrocarbons, marine resources, deep-sea fishing, marine ecology preservation, and dis ‘management among littoral states. Duty concessions: Since 2011, India has provided duty-free, quota-tree access to Bangladesh (and other SAARC LDCs) on all tariff lines, except for sitive items such as tobacco and alcohol, under SAFTA. ster se Border Haats: Two each in Tripura and Meghalaya, have been established to benefit communities along the border. Energy Sector Cooperation Power Transmission: Through interconnections like the Berhampore- Bheramara interconnection and Suraj Mani Nagar-Comilla interconnection. Nuclear Power: India, Russia, and Bangladesh signed an agreement for the construction of the Rooppur atomic plant in Bangladesh. Thermal Power: The Maitre thermal power plant, with a capacity of 1320 MW, is a joint venture between the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) of India and the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB). India_vs Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline — In 2018, the construction of, Saal ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO 33“pat MOLK®) WE'GO NLU Current Affairs November 2023 the India-Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline Project was inaugurated. ‘+ This pipeline, spanning 130 km, connects Siliguri in West Bengal, India, to Parbatipur in the Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. + India vs Bangladesh Road transport: There are 36 functional Land Customs Stations (LCSs) and 2 Integrated Check Posts (ICPs) along the border, enabling the operationalization of goods transportation o The Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal (BBIN) Motor Vehicles Agreement (MVA) aims to enhance road connectivity. ‘+ India ys Bangladesh Waterway development: Since 1972, Protocol on Inland Water Trade and Transit (PIWTT) has facilitated the movement of goods through barges/vessels on eight specific routes across the river systems of Bangladesh, Connectivity through Coastal Waterways, facilitated by the Coastal Shipping Agreement, has enabled direct sea movement of containerized, bulk, and dry cargo between the two countries Connectivity ‘+ India ys Bangladesh Railway Empowerment : The passenger train service ‘Maitree Express’ between Kolkata and Dhaka now operates four days a week and has been converted into a fully air-conditioned (AC) train service. * The High Commission of India has been publishing the Bengali literary monthly magazine ‘Bharat Bichitra’ in both print and electronic editions for Cultural the past 43 years. Exchange | + India vs Bangladesh Cultural Competition - The Indira Gandhi Cultural Centre conducts regular training courses in various disciplines such as Yoga, Hindi language, Hindustani Classical Music, Manipuri Dance, Kathak, and Painting. Pepper it with ‘+ Sam Manekshaw: Role in 1971 War, Legacy of Leadership + Shimla Agreement 1972 To download the other important exam related material, scan the QR Code mls ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 4GLL_MOLK® WEGO NLU Law PREP Current Affairs November 2023 peas PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. What is the total length of the Akhaura-A gartala Cross-Border Rail Link project? (a) 10.24 km (b) 12.24 km (©) 15.24 km (@) 20.24 km 2. Which country funded the Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line project? (a) India (b) Bangladesh (©) USA (@) China 3. Where is Unit If of the Maitre Super Thermal Power Plant located? (@) Agartala (b) Khulna (©) Rampal (@) Tripura 4, When was Unit [of the Maitree Super Thermal Power Plant inaugurated? (@) November 1, 2023 (b) September 2022 (©) 1971 (@) 1981 5. What is the significance of November 1, 2023, in the context of the development projects? (2) Independence Day (b) Joint Inauguration (©) Maitre Express Launch (d) Signing of Agreements 6. How much was the Indian Coneessional Finaneing Scheme loan for the Maitree Super Thermal Power Plant? (@) USD 1.6 billion (b) INR 392,52 crore (©) USD 388.92 million (@) 12.24 km 7, What marked the end of the war in 1971 and the birth of Bangladesh? (@) Operation Searchlight (b) Partition of India (©) Khulna-Mongla Port Rail Line (@) December 16, 1971 8. Which river system is formed by the confluence of the Surma and Kushiyara rivers? (a) Ganges (b) Brahmaputra (©) Meghna (@) Feni 9. What was the first country to recognize Bangladesh as an independent state? (@) Pakistan (b) India (©) China (@) USA 10, What is the length of the India-Bangladesh border, making it the fifth-longest land border in the world? (@) 2,217 km (b) 856 km (©) 4,096 km (@) 318 km ‘wwwlawpreptutorial.com | rouowusnow GOO 35GLL_MOLK® WEGO NLU Law PREP Current Affairs November 2023 | 11, Which agreement facilitated the exchange of enclaves between India and Bangladesh? (a) Khulna-Mongla Agreement (b) Line of Credit Agreement (©) Coordinated Patrol Agreement (d) Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) 2015 12. What does UNCLOS stand for in the context of the maritime boundary arbitration between India and Bangladesh? (@) United Nations Commission on Land Occupation and Sovereignty (b) United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (©) Union of National Coastal Lines and Oceans Security (@) Underwater Navigation and Coastal Law Observance System 13. Which river is not mentioned as part of the transboundary river systems between India and Bangladesh? (@) Mahananda (b) Torsa (©) Indus (8) Atrai 14, Under which agreement have India and Bangladesh agreed to share the waters of the River Ganges during the Tean season? (a) Khulna Pact (b) Ganges Waters Treaty (1996) (©) Kushiyara Pact (d) Indus Water Sharing Agreement 15. What is the primary focus of the 'Blue Economy’ program between India and Bangladesh? (@) Aerospace Development (b) Marine Feology Preservation (©) Nuclear Energy Cooperation (@ Space Exploration 16, In which year did the construction of the India-Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline Project begin? (a) 1971 (b) 2011 (©) 2018 (@) 1972 17, How many Land Customs Stations (LCSs) are there along the India-Bangladesh border for goods transportation? (a) 65 (b) 36 ©@2 (@) 130 km 18. Which Indian military leader played a significant role in the 1971 war, leading to the birth of Bangladesh? (a) Subhas Chandra Bose (b) Sam Manekshaw (©) Indira Gandhi (d) Rajiv Gandhi 19, What agreement was signed in 1972 to normalize relations between India and Pakistan after the 1971 war? (a) Khulna-Mongla Agreement (b) India-Bangladesh Friendship Treaty (©) Shimla Agreement (@) Ganges Waters Treaty 20. What is the main focus of the annual Coordinated Patrol (CORPAT) between India and Bangladesh? (a) Cultural Exchange (b) Defence Cooperation (©) River Water Management (@) Bilateral Trade ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 36“pat MOLK®) WE GO NLU November 2023 TOPIC nNEVWIS %. Former Navy » B personnel fa “sentenced to death in Qatar Why in News? Qatar hands death penalty to 8 former Indian Navy men for alleged offences. Explained: In a conceming development, eight ex-Indian Navy personnel have been sentenced to death by a Qatari court over alleged espionage charges related to their work with a private company overseeing the induction of Italian small stealth submarines. The specific charges were not disclosed by Qatati authorities. India has expressed shock and disappointment at the verdict, actively pursuing legal avenues to secure the release of its nationals. The Ministry of External Affairs emphasizes the case's high importance, providing consular and legal assistance. This incident poses potential diplomatic strains on India-Qatar relations, and efforts are underway to engage with Qatar diplomatically due to its influential role in international affairs. Former Ambassador Deepak Mittal has met with the detainees, underscoring India’s close monitoring and support for its citizens inthis critical situation, Why in news: ce to + India is following a legal playbook si international laws and legal procedures. + The government is committed to following due process in accordance with international laws and the laws of the country where the former Navy personnel are being held, to resolve the situation, ilar to the Enrica Lexie-Italian Marine case, emphasizing adhe + Inaddition to the GoT's efforts, the families of the former Navy personnel have also filed a Merey Plea to the Emir of Qatar, who is known to grant pardons during Ramadan and Bid, Way to Marks Background of the Case? Accusations + The accused individuals, while employed by Al Dahra in Doha, were allegedly accused of breaching sensitive secrets atthe time of their arrestin 2022 in Qatar. + Dahra Global Technologies and Consultant Services, the company they worked for, was also linked to the production of advanced Italian-origin submarines known for their stealth capabilities. + However the specific charges against the eight nyc [net gee) Indian nationals have not been made public by CaseHistory |nsmomet | Hida iene [rect atari authorities. Sienevontonme Stasat |ne |e [oct | Q ut : veo ue iSaeee |™ | Se + Commander Purnendu Tiwari (retd), who was | |r eso, Managing Director of the company, received the |iisiet hear Pravasi Bharatiya Samman in 2019 for his Sasutsasicante ‘inswesy services in furthering the bilateral relationship === —| between India and Qatar ae wwwlawpreptutorialcom 1 rouowusnow @@O@ 37“pat MOLK®) WEGO NLU Law PRE Current Affairs November 2023 ‘Tutorial Saal Previous Trials: Chronology of Events: Indian Navy Officers’ Espionage Case in Qatar Timeline Details ‘August 2022 * Qatari authorities took former Indian naval officers into custody on unspecified charges. * After months of detention, the Qatari authorities revealed that the eight former naval officers were spying on Qatar’s secret submarine program for Israel. September 2022 | + The first bail plea of the jailed Indian officers was held a month after they were picked up and detained in solitary confinement. The plea was rejected Mareh 2023 + The Indian nationals had their first trial in late Mareh June 2023 +The second trial was conducted in June 2023. October 2023 [+ India’s ambassador to Qatar met the men in prison on October I after being granted consular access. 26 October, 2023 | + The eight Indian Navy personnel were on 26 October handed the death penalty in Qatar by a local court. Some facts about Qatar: # Qatarisapeninsula in the Middle E Saudi Arabia to the south and the Persian Gulf to the east and north, + The Gulfof Bahrain, an inlet ofthe Persian Gull, separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain * Capital: Doha + Official language: Arabic + Currency: Qatari Riyal (QAR) + Itisthe world’s largest exporter of liquefied natural gas * Ithosted the FIFA World Cup in 2022, # Indians are the largest expatriate community in Qatar, Options for India + Legal Appeals :Continue legal appeals to ensure a fair trial and examine the evidence against the eight individuals. + Diplomatic Resolution: Intensify diplomatic efforts to resolve the case through negotiations and discussions with Qatari authorities. * Political Intervention: Seek high-level political intervention, potentially at the Prime Minister's level, to request a pardon or commutation of the death sentences. Utilize the 2016 agreement on the transfer of sentenced prisoners if Qataragrees to commute the sentences to life terms. + International Campaign: Launch an international campaign to appeal for clemency, garnering support from other nations and international organizations. + International Court of Justice (ICI) : Consider filing a case at the Intemational Court of Justice (ICI) asa last resort, similar to the approach taken in the case of Commander Jadhav in Pakistan, India Qatar relations + Economic Cooperation: In 2021, India was one of Qatar's top three import sources and fourth largest export destinations. ‘Nandkishore Parikh Marg, Bapu Nagar, JAIPUR (M) 72400 60099 38