ASSIGNMENT NO.

1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH

1.) Define and differentiate Qualitative Research and

Quantitative Research. Cite at least one example of a
Qualitative Research and a Quantitative Research.

Ans. Quantitative research is expressed in numbers and graphs.

It is used to test or confirm theories and assumptions. This type
of research can be used to establish generalizable facts about a
topic. Common quantitative methods include experiments,
observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-
ended questions. Qualitative research is expressed in words. It
is used to understand concepts, thoughts or experiences. This
type of research enables you to gather in-depth insights on
topics that are not well understood. (April 12, 2019 by Raimo
Streefkerk.)

2.) What is the goal of conducting Research? Elaborate your

answer.

Ans. The purpose of research is to enhance society by advancing

knowledge through the development of scientific theories, concepts and
ideas. A research purpose is met through forming hypotheses, collecting
data, analysing results, forming conclusions, implementing findings into
real-life applications and forming new research. (By DiscoverPhDs
September 10, 2020).

3.) What is a Hypothesis? Give examples of a Null Hypothesis and an

Alternative Hypothesis.
 Ans. The null and alternative hypotheses are two competing claims that
researchers weigh evidence for and against using a statistical test
Null hypothesis (H0): There’s no effect in the population.Alternative
hypothesis (Ha or H1): There’s an effect in the population.
The effect is usually the effect of the independent variable on the
dependent variable. (Published on May 6, 2022 by Shaun Turney).

4.) What is Innovation? Describe the relationship between

Research and Innovation. Give examples.

Ans. Innovation is mostly coming up with a solution involving

something new and novel. The goal here is to solve the
problem. One of the unarticulated expectation is that the way
the problem is solved is new and brings value to the end user
(or customer). The emphasis will be on newness. Research is
mostly coming up with scientific basis (or evidence) for a
hypothesis or an observation. There is no expectation that the
hypothesis be new or novel, it could simply be an observation.
The emphasis will be on confidence in the solution.

5.) What is a Phenomenon? How does research help explain a

phenomenon?

Ans. Phenomenon, in a scientific context, is something that is

observed to occur or to exist. It is simply a fact or event that
can be observed with the senses, either directly or using
equipment such as microscopes or telescopes. This meaning of
phenomenon contrasts with the understanding of the word in
general usage.( Robert Sheldon)
6.) Define a Variable. Differentiate Independent and Dependent
Variable. Give examples.

Ans. An independent variable is the variable that is changed or

controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the
dependent variable. A dependent variable is the variable being
tested and measured in a scientific experiment. The dependent
variable is ‘dependent’ on the independent variable.(By Todd
Helmenstine (Todd Helmenstine).

REFERENCES:. (April 12, 2019 by Raimo Streefkerk,

DiscoverPhDs September 10, 2020, Published on May 6, 2022
by Shaun Turney, Robert Sheldon, Todd Helmenstine).