Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty Member: Dated: 30th

april,2024

Sir ALI KHALID

Semester: 2nd Section: D

EE-211: Electrical Network Analysis

Lab 10: Single Phase Transformer Open And Short Circuit

PLO4/CLO4 PLO5/ PLO8 PLO9

CLO5 /CLO /CLO
6 7
Name Reg. No Viva/ Analysis Modern Ethics Individual
Quiz /lab of data Tool Usage and and
Performanc in Lab (5 marks) Safety Team
e Report (5 Marks) work
(5 marks) (5 marks)
(5 Marks)

Mudassar 454982
shakeel
Ahsan javed 474666

Muhammad 468298
Farhan shah

Zahid khan jadoon 463671

EE-211: Electrical Network

Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................
Safety......................................................................................................................................
Objective.................................................................................................................................
Software..................................................................................................................................
Equipment required................................................................................................................
Tasks(Short-Circuit).................................................................................................................
Procedure................................................................................................................................
Task 1......................................................................................................................................
Task 2......................................................................................................................................
Task 3......................................................................................................................................
Tasks(Open-Circuit).................................................................................................................
Procedure................................................................................................................................
Software readings...................................................................................................................
Open Circuit:...........................................................................................................................
Short Circuit:.........................................................................................................................
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................

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 Single Phase Transformer Open And Short Circuit

Introduction
Through open and short circuit experiments, We investigate the properties of single-phase
transformers in this lab. In order to comprehend the behavior and efficiency of the transformer, we
examine its performance under various conditions as open circuit test and short circuit test.

Safety
➢ Be cautious when dealing with high voltages during the experiment as it carries a high risk.
➢ Avoid touching the equipment with wet hands.
➢ Before switching on the power, request the lab engineer or technician to inspect the circuit.
➢ Double-check that the banana jacks are inserted properly to prevent any short circuits.
➢ Don’t leave high currents circulate through transformer primary coil over a long period of time.
➢ After turning off the power supply , cool down the transformer for 15 minutes

Objective

➢ To conduct open circuit and short circuit tests on a single-phase transformer.

➢ To measure primary and secondary voltages and currents under different test conditions.
➢ To calculate the ratio of primary current to secondary current and compare it to the turns ratio of the
transformer.
➢ To analyze the data collected and draw conclusions about the transformer's behavior and efficiency.

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 Software
➢ LVDAC-EMS

Equipment required
➢ Power Supply
➢ Data Acquisition Module
➢ Resistive Load Module
➢ Banana jacks - wires
➢ Computer with USB port cable.

Tasks(Short-Circuit)

Procedure

➢ Set up apparatus as per Figure 7-4

➢ Conduct the open circuit test, gradually adjusting voltage to record EPRI and IPRI.
➢ Short-circuit the secondary windings and adjust voltage to record EPRI, IPRI, and ISEC.
➢ Calculate the ratio of primary current to secondary current (IPRI/ISEC) and compare it to the turns ratio
(N2/N1).
➢ Analyze all collected data, considering core saturation and other factors, and summarize findings for
conclusion.

Task 1
➢ Connect meter input I2 as shown in Figure and it should be short-circuits secondary winding 5-6.
➢ Select setup configuration file ES17-2.dai.
➢ Turn on the power and slowly adjust the voltage control to obtain the value of current Is on Secondary
side meter I2 given in Figure.(Must not exceed then 0.20 A)

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 1. In winding 5-6, record values of values of primary voltage and current, and the value of the short circuit
secondary current

EPRI = 15.29V
IPRI = 0.209A
ISEC = 0.118A

2. Now let the voltage control to be zero and after turning off the power, ratio of primary current to
secondary current will be

IPRI/ISEC = 1.177A

3. Is ratio of primary current to voltage current approximately equal to N 2 / N1

Yes, in an ideal transformer, the ratio of primary current to secondary current is equal to the turns ratio
N 2 / N1

Task 2

➢ Connect meter input I2 so that it now short-circuits secondary terminals 3-4.

➢ Turn on the Power Supply
➢ Now Slowly adjust the voltage control knob for the same value of current used in step 10.

4. In winding 3-4,once again record values of values of primary voltage and current, and the value of the
short circuit secondary current:

EPRI = 20.87V
IPRI = 0.274 A
ISEC = 0.187A

5. Now let the voltage control to be zero and after turning off the power, ratio of primary current to
secondary current will be

IPRI/ISEC = 1.465A

6. Is ratio of primary current to voltage current approximately equal to N 2 / N1

Yes, in an ideal transformer, the ratio of primary current to secondary current is approximately equal to
the turns ratio N2 / N1
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Task 3

➢ Set up the transformer circuit shown in below Figure. It will be used to show how exciting current is
affected when the transformer core becomes saturated. Since the exciting current is so small, the
corresponding voltage across a sense resistor R, ER, will be used to illustrate its variation.
➢ Connect the transformer primary terminals to Power Supply terminals 4 and 5 through sense resistor R.
➢ Connect meter inputs E1, E2, and E3 to measure the transformer voltages, ER, EPRI, ESEC, respectively.
➢ Connect meter input I1 to measure the primary current, IPRI

➢ Select setup configuration file ES17-3.dai.

➢ Turn on the power and use the output voltage control to obtain values for EPRI (E2) equally spaced at
about 10% intervals over the complete control knob range.
➢ At each voltage adjustment, click the Record Data button to enter the measurements in the Data Table.

➢ When all data values have been recorded, rotate the voltage control fully ccw, and turn off the Power
Supply.
➢ Display the Graph window, select E1 (ER) as the X-axis parameter, and E2 (EPRI) as the Y-axis parameter.
➢ Make sure the line graph format and the linear scale are selected. Observe the curve of primary voltage
versus exciting current, represented by E1.

7. After the rated voltage is exceeded is the exciting current increase more rapidly or not :

When exceeding the rated voltage, the exciting current escalates rapidly due to saturation of
the transformer core. This saturation leads to a non-linear increase in the primary voltage,
causing it to rise more sharply.
8. Does the curve illustrate that the transformer core becomes saturated :

Yes, the curve illustrates that the transformer core becomes saturated as indicated by the nonlinear
increase in primary voltage.

9. Now determine how the primary-to-secondary voltage ratio is affected when the transformer core
becomes saturated by reviewing measured data:

As the transformer core reaches saturation, the primary voltage experiences a more rapid
increase compared to the secondary voltage. Consequently, this results in a reduction of the
primary-to-secondary voltage ratio.
➢ Ensure that the Power Supply is turned off, the voltage control is fully ccw, and remove all leads and
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 cables.

Circuit digram :

Tasks(Open-Circuit)

Procedure

➢ Install the Power Supply, data acquisition module, and Single-Phase Transformer module in the EMS
Workstation.

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➢ Make sure that the main switch of the Power Supply is set to the O (OFF) position, and the voltage control
knob is turned fully ccw. Set the voltmeter select switch to the 4-N position, and then ensure the Power
Supply is connected to a three-phase wall receptacle.
➢ Ensure that the POWER INPUT of the data acquisition module is connected to the main Power Supply and
ensure the USB port cable from the computer is connected to the data acquisition module. Set the 24 V –
AC power switch to the I (ON) position.
➢ Display the Metering application. Select setup configuration file ES17-1.dai.
➢ Set up the transformer circuit shown in Figure 10-3. Connect meter inputs E1 and I1 as shown and use E2
to measure the different secondary voltages.

Figure 10-3. Single-Phase Transformer Measurements

1. Turn on the power and adjust the voltage control for the value of ES given in Figure 7-3.
Measure the transformer primary current and the different voltages across the various
terminals of the transformer secondary windings, listed below. Change the connections of
input E2 to measure each secondary voltage, making sure to turn off the Power Supply
before modifying the connections of input E2. After recording the measurements, rotate the
voltage control fully ccw and then turn off the power.

IPRI = 0.012 A E5-6 = 220.5V

E3-4= 380.5V E7-8=139.5' V

E8-4 = 49.64V E5-9 = 107.5’V E9-6 = 107.3 V

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 2. Do the secondary voltages compare well with the rated values written on the front panel?

Yes, the secondary voltages closely match the rated values indicated on the front panel.

3. The transformer windings between terminals 1 and 2, and between terminals 5 and 6, each
have 500 turns of wire. The number of turns in the winding between terminals 3 and 4 is 865.
Calculate the turns ratios between the primary and secondary windings for each case.

The turns ratios between the primary and secondary winding of N 1-2 and N5-6 is:

N1-2/N5-6 = 1

The turns ratios between the primary and secondary winding of N 1-2 and N3-4 is:

N1-2/N3-4 = 0.58

4. Using the measured values in step 6, compare these transformer turns ratios with the corresponding
voltage ratios. Are they approximately the same?

Yes, the values are almost equal because When comparing transformer turns ratios with voltage
ratios, the close alignment indicates efficient voltage conversion.

Software readings
Open Circuit:

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E5-9 and E9-6

E7-8 and 8-4

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Short Circuit:

Values of task 1

Task 2 Effect of Core Saturation on exciting Current

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Conclusion
Through the open and short circuit experiments, We gained a deeper understanding of single-phase
transformer behavior and efficiency. Analyzing primary and secondary voltages and currents under
different conditions helped us comprehend the transformer's performance. Comparing calculated
ratios to the turns ratio provided insight into its efficiency. This experiment significantly improved our
understanding of transformer operation.

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