[Tobey sone [Tee soenerene ‘gan depots are de to decomposition regen mats and found usta in tps and marty pace. A ‘i depost nega gh slo pet ts ate ihe end of he esa caren ele 75% o mae) ‘gare sl tr ow end, ard muck in botwbe, Peat olf usual fomed of fossized plant minerals a ‘arated by ber cont and lower dcometon. The pels have cen chaecostes ta ot Ben ‘pat fem moist minal sols and tequted special consieaton fr constuction over them. This spatial ‘haatere nldes,extenaly igh naval mole coor, hgh corsressbty hung sigest “econ and ein ar compression and very ow urdaped shea serge al natural mosture content However, there are many che citi exis ols teagan deposi and itrenans i 2s conor isu wth nuetous approaches avalabe fer vaning purpose of classicafon. A posse approach is bog cased bythe Armercan society fest and Matels for lsihng organi sols hang vening aout ‘terganio mati caries. The dlicaon given in Tate 6.33 “ata 6.33: Classleaton and Dessipon of Organic Sai te a, 1957) ‘igzie Content Deszipion ASTM (0274-072 — <5% Ul tet on behav consid ino sail ‘cs propaies bu behavior sl emir Sosy 6.20% ‘opera days ‘rpc mater governs proprio, Wadtonl soi 21-78% mechanics may be appicable sity c ayy orgarc ‘ois. Dilays behavior daira tom walonal sol 215% mechanics especie atow ste ‘Aldentication and Classifiation of Expansive Sols Expansive sls ae toc wich sel conlrabyen ator of water and shinkon the weal war. ‘monsoon seaser, expansive sols bib wae, boca Sof ad swo. indir seasons, bese sol shirk or ‘uc in velumo de to evaporation of water ad become hare. As sich he seasonal nitre vation “ich ol depts around and noah he sours ess ro subeequen paar and downward movenanss of shies ang stuciral damage In he fom of wie eck fhe wal ston of foes, Fer entation and casscaon of expansive sol paraetrs kelgui nit,plastlyindex,sinkage Ut, feo ‘vel, fe sel dex, Ber senkge velingfenalsueling pressure ard velume chnge Fam si dry fo Stuste condéon stodd to eraalod expornataly or on avalale geotochical oreatin Various recommended ctr fr ierifcaton and clase of expansive sls peste in Appendix Ioeeaton and Classtaton of Capa Sals Sol deposits mt Hkly to colpsa ar; () ote fs, ()alored we bown sands, i hil was of oso ‘canseney and (i decomposed granite o oer ai pres ct ‘Avan singe tat or ocogtiang colaptie sol she “sages et. Two undstsbed oyna samples (causges ofthe same darett ad ng (une) are caved fom te sl. One sang stan weed and ‘eaed to fom eynde of he orginal ameter. Acecrease in len s compared to te ogra, undstured ‘ine wil conn acolapstle rin struc, Colapofpobable whe he natural wad rao, calapbie ‘fan stucure,Caloses probable when te ria i rato, higher han acral vara, 9, ‘opens on od aso, ard et ud iit and last mts especie. The folowing oa shoud be ‘od testa ccal vid rato ee" 0856 +0156 63.9) Cotes sls wih degre cf station S; <0.) sou sats be flonrg conto: sesteag (633 -Acasaiao sts be pafomed onan unisurbed specimen a ral most content and eco the thine, "Hon consolaton under apressie"Pequl tocvrhuen pressure pus be eal pressure lay abe exerted on he sa The spocimen hen submerged ude he same pressure ante al tke H recrded Relive substeee, ais turds as: =< peeeitFT aan soentneine aa) “ 6339) Sols ag nbs > 0.02 consceet be claps TSldetieatin and Caesiation of Soft organi Sil No, standard defen exis for sok ay in tems of cmertona sol paramos, mingalogy or godoiel tigi. is, however, commonly understood that ot ays ge shear eng compress and soo tne ‘eld setoant problems nner surface day, where frm a cust paral sturaon and over consaaton ‘crc ogeter nd the over console ie est of edn ut of he cay do changes in wae tabi Intel sutace days, over orsolaton may have tte place when he lay was prevouy alo close to th (gourd sutace ard stove te water tai, but uot subzequnt dooston fhe saa may row be below the ‘roc, satiated and over consoled Paral stron des ot ne caueeengineing ples, ut tay lao abort test lees, So ciays have un-raed sheer stents beeen about 10 Kp ard 40 pa, inofter words, tom enucng between fe nes when squeeze to being easly mood in the frges. Sof clays presen very speci rblems of engreetng des and constuction, Foundaen flues so cays ‘ae compareivelyconmon. The consucon bung in sot ay has nays been asscated with stably votes and setioment. Shalow faundstons inevistly ruts in lage setlamen which must bo ‘acconmodeed fori the desg, and which invariby secesstate loigtom maintenance of engineered {arlies. The folowing rclabnstip ang Nalues obtained fom SPT, consteney rd undaned Shear eng of ot cles may be sed a5 guides. Waive onsite Unianed Shear Stongth (Om Below? Very sot Les tha 20 [eee ‘Sot Zt nkaied shar Seah Tat of mined epee Hera & Gtmine Fo wd conpressn tt ha of peak dv ses ar cto! fu url ued (0) Ca Cares tai ably ean Poa Foon Sls 78Llquacton Petey of Sol Exligntcen a Foran wich strated sol depot oes mst, tal. tt seg ant ‘tis doom pvr css var pesoe dag exteatetibeed tard share tos bem maf cause br damage of siucrs dr ps rms (29184 Nga Ext) Care Inet oan sepia src an soe lian rats ar eva Tarr ie tual arly eae and ran ica ece dered pate owt Llpetson canbe ata by ape compra Seana) nox se’ tees wth be say freed shew ese requeé cece falter weer lf show scan apc Ste iti Sen, Usa, torts ot cle amps (N wan © Spd © Geir bee reg cose wth 10% pow wale estoy Ts cea seh (ST) Cate chara iy evel peta, Tn bo taco port olatar dopa ei aac feof say F dens oh y 8.36 Teter pled oe sa (CS) ano era rg Equine Ta ea7b on638. reat 6:9) Ch -cyirestne Rta, CSR= Cc esa, Lf sat ih pct tn Ihe at seat Fs <1 Iqvtacon is salle pace, terse, qvetscon does ot ccur. he ater or safety obs ins way is general used only he depo which igetacten is ogeted to occur in {ure carhquale This formations ncessr iecuniemeasur setter an insu depose sands. ‘The oye shear ses iniuced at any poirtn lee gourd dung an earthuske due to he wpa ropagan of hear naves ca be assssad by means ofa empl rocodure popced. Ia sal chm to @ deph 2 sssuned to move Rerznaly ad ifthe peak raat azeerafon on he gourd Sutace Sa shear Sess Taming altbe botom of the sllcouma gen by Toa daa (2) (6270) ce t-00t8e G27)ser soengneg here i unt weight ofthe sol, 9 isthe grattonalaceraton, zs the depth and ba sess reduc efit alow fre deforabity fh sl column <1). ecommendod i use empl oma ven n Eq 63.7 fo compute sess reducton coef where n les, Dison both ies Ea, 637abythooecie veal stesso gms aad 639 Wher, 0. 2s the tol vera tess. Eq, 6.3.8 hasbeen used wily o assess the magnitude of shear sss induced ina sol lent during earhquako. The peak ground acorn, aw stu be taken fom Setiezering map. One of he advarages of Eq. 6.18 that al he vast amour of fematen co the zonal accelerators thet has ever een recorded one good surface can be usd det to assess he shear tess inde by sisi sang in the Roza pane win he ground. Tha cacond stp i termi th cei esistare ato (CAR) of hen st sal, The ye estance rao represent the Iquefcion resco ofthe ins sl. The most conmony used mead lr detrning te Iigoefecon een iso use to dala ctanod om th land ponetraton tet oy att may also be used io estimate CRR more arcu. Sie response als fase may be cared out estat ‘he sie arplicatn ‘actor. Fortis pupase dame parareters suc a shear modus end daring focors red tobe esa. The ste anpicaten far equted to estirata a for a gen ste prope. The ‘olonrg pais ae fo bene a raars osol gulacton ‘+ Sandy and sity asad to qu ca sas o not undergo uelfon excep senive cays. ‘Resistance te iuetacton of ary sl depenis one content Higher tho fine ater were be efacion pei ‘= Aare of humo, any sol that has a SPT vate Nhe than 30 wi nat ey Fire rand sol (ty ay! ayy tae suscep to iqutacfon fF et Al, 194): Fraston ner than 0005 nm 10% ga it) 35% Nature wate content S08xuL ui inde £075 ‘ROLABORATORY TESTS: ‘Al laboraty toss conducts on so samples colectd either nthe dstubed ori te udsubed sate Al est were done as por ASTM procdurs, ae foo {Natu Miture Content ‘The water cone ofa sl sali the rato of te weight of te water ine sample ois dy wig. I usualy expresso as @ parcerage the so ‘mpl is weighed bot in nual state and in oven dy ise ard te mse Conn is caalted by diving the loss of wight of tho samo bys dy ‘elt 2 Complete Gran ize Analysis: The cbt of gran sze ara to dtomie he se of he sl gan andthe prertage wet of sol fares of eon parc siz, compris a sal sample. The proosss consists of et sive anaes ot hytometer nays bth. The ydroneter analysis depo fo sample passing seve N20, Senco,1 Pry sot egoerng Forder 0 gms te oe sno tty mad ih, enue arty oat na carted glass ender. node to ‘od foceuatona Ite Sperling ‘agent & a 08. The donly of the Sispensin fe mesure at specie fina tena, by means of hytameter or specal design. Al any peor tino the eze of he lest pte remeaniny In suspension at the evel of the yometar can be ‘comguied by mess of socks lw, ‘where as he welt ofthe pares Ting ban eae "be eompued fo the densiy fe suspension at the same eve ‘The mitre is washed hough US Standard seve No.200 andthe facion cand Is ded. The faction ean on each sive is weghed for cauaton of te pacenane of dferent fact. The resus are "epesonted by cumulative carves pote on semonartnc grep paper. 1 Atrberg tits: Prysal properties of ly ee great intuence by estercontet Agen sol behave as do a sol, as 2 ste mers depending on Now mich wat cents corespond to the Douce been he its ‘leony are caled 2s atorberg nt. Liu tis th mira war coven at ich a ay sa st ‘sits Behaving tha afl. I's detained th Be help ofa sonar ln deve wich const of brass cp rd 4Qy o287 "ae e 3 4. | lage : Ze 5 a 2% AS IMA = OF SAT tA MOL ae sxangemet io impart bows to oyp at nfo rate. The water content thc 25 bls are requrodis med as toi The plas mts the minimum wae core cont a wich sls jus plete an ie detrsne by roling ut sol sawp at @ soul decreasing water coven ntl, the desrod water coist is Teoched, a vich = tveed of 18 inch date Just begging to rune. The tread ‘stole ona pss pte wih hard {84 Spectc Gravity Test: The spec grat ofa soié dered as the naar een seen tases ap aes nem reget