Communication

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.
V EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
RECRUITMENT Explantion Listening ppt What are the

1 2 Introduction mean by
about INTRODUCTION: recruitment?
recruitment Recruitment is an important function of
health manpower management, which
determines, whether the required will be
available at the work spot, when a job is
actually to be undertaken. Recruitment
procedures include the process and the
methods by which vaccines are notified,
post are advertised, applications are
handled and screened, interviews are
conducted and appointments are made.
2 2 To define DEFINITION: Explantion Listening ppt What do you

recruitment mean by
1. According to B Flippo: "Recruitment is recruitment?
defined as the process of searching for
prospective employees and stimulating
them to apply foe job in the organization".
2. According to IGNOU Module: "It is a

process in which the right person for the
right post is procured".
3. According to Yoder "Recruitment is a

process to discover the sources of
manpower to meet the requirements of the
staffing schedule and to employ effective
measures for attracting that manpower in
S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION
Adequate numbers to facilitate effective

selection of an efficient working force."
3 3min Explain about TYPES OF RECRUITMENT: Explantion Listening ppt What are the
the types of types of
recruitment There are three types of recruitment: recruitment?
1. Planned: arise from changes in

organization and recruitment policy
2. Anticipated: by studying trends in the

internal and external organization.
3. Unexpected: arise due to accidents,

transfer and illness.
LIKAGES OF REQUIREMENT TO
HUMAN RESOURCE
ACQUISITION:-
The requirement process is concerned with

the identification of possible sources of
human resources supply and tapping those
resources, the total process acquiring and
placing human resources in the
organization. Requirement fails in between
different sub process like:

BASIC ELEMENTS OF SOUND leacture Listening
4 2min Discuss the RECRUITMENT POLICY:- cum What are the
basic elements Discuss basic elements
of sound o Discovery and cultivation of the of sound
recruitment employment market for post in the recruitment
policy public service policy?
o Use of the attractive recruitment

literature and publicity
o Use of the scientific tests for

determining abilities of the candidate
o Tapping capable candidates from

within the services
o Placement program which assigns the

right man to the right job.
o A follow up probation ally program as

an integral process.
5 3min Discuss about PURPOSES AND IMPORTANCE:- leacture Listening What are the
the purposes cum the purposes and
and o Determine the present and future Discuss importance of
importance recruitment ?
requirements of the organization in
recruitment
conjunction with the personnel

o planning and job analysis activities
Increase the pool of job candidates
with minimum cost Help increase the
success rate of the selection process
reducing the number of obviously
under qualified or over qualified job
applicants.
o Help reduce the probability that the job

applicants, once recruited and selected
will leave the organization only after
short period of time.
o Meet the organization's legal and

social obligations regarding the
composition of its work force
o Start identifying and preparing

potential job applicants who will be
appropriate candidates
o Increase organizational and individual

effectiveness in the short and long
term.
o Evaluate the effectiveness of various

recruiting techniques and sources for
all types of job applicants.

6 3min List the OBJECTIVES OF RECRUITMENT:- Explantion Listening Black What are the
objectives of board objectives of
recruitment  To attract people with multi- recruitment?
dimensional skills and experiences that
suits the present and future
organizational strategies.
 To induct outsiders with new

perspective to lead the company
 To infuse fresh blood at all levels of

organization
 To develop an organizational culture

that attracts competent people to the
company
 To search or heat hunt/ head pouch

people whose skills fit the company's
values
 To devise methodologies for assessing

psychological traits
 To seek out non-conventional

development grounds of talent
 To search for talent globally and not

just within the company.

7 3min Discuss the PRINCIPLES OF RECRUITMENT:- Explantion Listening ppt What are the
principles of principles of
recruitment Recruitment should be done from a central recruitment?
place. E.g.: Administrative officer/Nursing
Service Administration.
1. Termination and creation of any post

should be done by responsible officers,
e.g.: regarding nursing staff the Nursing
superintendent along with her officers has
to take the decision and not the medical
Superintendent.
2. Only the vacant positions should be

filled and neither less nor more should be
employed.
3. Job description/ work analysis should

be made before recruitment.
4. Procedure for recruitment should be

developed by an experienced person
5. Recruitment of workers should be

done from internal and external sources
6. Recruitment should be done on the

basis of definite qualifications and set
standards.

8. A recruitment policy should be
followed Chances of promotion should be
clearly stated
9. Policy should be clear and changeable

according to the need.
8 3min Explain the SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT:- Explantion Listening Black How many
sources of Bord Sources of
recruitment The sources of recruitment are: recruitment
advantage advantage
and A. DIRECT INTERNAL and
dis advantage dis advantage
B. INDIRECT/ EXTERNAL ?
SOLIDRES
I. Internal sources/ direct source-

Internal sources include present
employees, employee referrals, former
employee and former applicants.
Present employees:- promotion and

transfers from among the present
employees can be good source of
recruitment. Promotions to higher
positions have several advantages.
They are:
 It is good public relations
 It builds morale

 It encourages competent individuals
who are
 It improves the probability of a good

selection, since information of the
candidate is readily available
 It is less costly ambitious.
 Those chosen internally are familiar

with the organization.
 Former employees: some retired

employees may be willing to come
back to work on a part-time basis or
may recommend someone who would
be interested in working for the
company. An advantage with these
sources is that the performance of
these people is already known.
 Previous applicants: although not

truly an internal source, those who
have previously applied for jobs can be
contacted by mail, a quick and
inexpensive way to fill an unexpected
opening.

DISADVANTAGES:-
 Creative problem solving may be

hindered by the lack of new talents.
 Divisions complete for the same people
 Politics probably has a greater impact on

recruiting and selection than does
external recruiting.
II. External sources/ Indirect source:-

Sources external to an organization are
professional or trade associations,
advertisements, employment exchanges,
college/university/institute placement
services, walk-ins and writer-ins, consultants,
contractors.
Professional or trade associations: many

associations provide placement services for
their members. These services may consist of
compiling seekers' lists and providing access
to members during regional or national
conventions.

 Advertisements: these constitute a
popular method of seeking recruits as
many recruiters; prefer advertisements
because of their wide reach. For highly
specialized recruits, advertisements may
be placed in professional/ business
journals. Newspaper is the most common
medium.
Advertisement must contain the following

information:-
 The job content (primary tasks and

responsibilities)
 A realistic description of working

conditions, particularly if they are
unusual
 The location of the job

 The compensation, including the fringe
benefits.
 Job specifications.
 Growth prospects and
 To whom one applies.
 Employment exchange: Employment

exchanges have been set up all over the
country in deference to the

 Campus recruitment: colleges,
universities and institutes are fertile
ground for recruitment, particularly the
institutes.
 Walk-ins, write-ins and Talk-ins:

write-ins those who send written
enquire. These job-seekers are asked to
complete applications forms for further
processing.
 Talk-in is becoming popular now-in

days. Job aspirants are required to
meet the recruiter (on an appropriated
date) for detailed talks. No applications
are required to be submitted to the
recruiter.
 Consultants: ABC consultants,
Ferguson Association, Human
Resources Consultants Head Hunters,
Bathiboi and Co, Consultancy Bureau,
Aims Management Consultants and
The Search House are some among the
numerous recruiting agents.
 Contractors: Contractors are used to
recruit casual workers. The names of
the workers are not entered in the
company records and to this extent,
difficulties experienced in maintaining
permanent workers are avoided.
Radio Television:
International Recruiting: Recruitment in

foreign countries presents unique
challenges recruiters. In advanced
industrial nations more or less similar
channels of recruitment are available for
recruiters.
MODERN SOURCES OF
RECRUITMENT:-
 Walk-in
 Consult in
 Tele recruitment: Organizations

advertise the job vacancies through
World Wide Web
RECRUITMENT PROCESS/STEPS: Explantion Listening ppt What are the

10 3min Discuss the steps and
each steps and As was stated earlier, recruitment refers to recruitment
recruitment the process of identifying and attracting process?
process job seekers so as to build a pool of
qualified job applicants. The process
comprises five inter-related stages, via:

STEPS :- Planning
Strategy development
Searching
Screening
Evaluation.
 FACTORS EFFCTING
RECRUITMENT:
All organization, whether large or small,

do engage in recruiting activity, though
not to the same extent. This differs with:
1. The size of the organization
2. The employment conditions in the

community where the organization is
located
3. The effects of past recruiting efforts

which show the organization's ability to
locate and keep good. performing people
4. Working conditions an salary and

benefit packages offered by the
organization- which may influence
turnover and necessitate future recruiting
5. The rate of growth of organization
6. The level of seasonality of operations
and future expansion and production
programs.
Explain CREDENTIALING Explantion Listening ppt What do you
11 3min Introduction mean by
and definition INTRODUCTION:- Introduction and
about Credentialing is the process of establishing definition about
Credentialing the qualification of license professionals, Credentialing?
organizational members or organizations,
and assessing their background and
legitimacy. health care institutions and
provider networks conduct their own
credentialing, generally through
credentialing specialist or electronic
service, with review by a medical staff or
credentialing committee. It include
granting and reviewing specific clinical
privileges and medical or allied health
staff membership.
DEFINITION:-
According to B Flippo:-
1. Credentialing is the process by which
selected professionals are granted
privileges to practice within
organization. In health care
organizations this process has been
largely confined to physicians. Limit
privileges have been granted to
psychologists, social workers and
selected categories of nurses, such as
num anesthetists, surgical nurses, and
midwifes.
(Russell C Swan's burg)
1. Credentialing is the process of

establishing the qualifications of licensed
professionals, organization members or
organizations, and assessing their
background and legitimacy.
2. A credential is an attestation of
qualification, competence, or authority
issued to an individual by a this party
with a relevant de jure or de facto
authority or assumed competence to do
so.
12 4min Discuss the PURPOSE OF CREDENTIALING:- Explantion Listening ppt What are the
purpose of purpose of
credentialing The purpose of credentialing is: credentialing?
1. To prevent a problem before it

happens.
2. To research the qualifications and

backgrounds of individuals and
companies. Credentialing is also t
process of reviewing and verifying
information.
SIGNIFICANCE:
Credentialing is very significant because it

shows that an individual or company
performing a service qualified to do so.
For example: your doctor must have
certain credentials to prescribe medicine to
you.
LEGAL PROTECTION:
It is a good idea to have credentialing
process to protect you and your business
from a lawsuit or other legal problems. For
instance, let's say you hire a teacher to
work in your day care center, and this
person is a sex offender. The credentialing
process could have prevented this through
a background check.
PROFESSION:
Almost all professions require, to a certain

degree, some sort of credentials. Police
departments, Firefighters, lawyers,
accountants and nurses all need
credentials. You need credentials to drive
a car or semi truck. All states require
citizens to take a driving test.
HEALTH CARE CREDENTIALING:-
DEFINITION:-
{According to Yoder}
Health care credentialing is a system used
by various organizations and agencies to
ensure that their health care practitioners
meet all the necessary requirements and
are appropriately qualified. The credentials
may vary depending on the specified area
of the practitioner. For example: An X-ray
technician may have different
credentialing forms than an osteopathic
physician.
WHO IS CREDENTIALED?
1. Practitioners:
a. Medical Doctors (MD), Doctor of

osteopathy (DO), Doctor of Podiatric
Medicine (DPM), Doctor of Chiropractic
(DC), Doctor of dental Medicine (DMD),
Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS), Doctor
of Optometry (OD). Doctor of Psychology
(PhD) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
2. Extenders:
a. Physician of assistant (PA), Certified

Nurse Practitioner (CRNP), Certified
Nurse Midwife (CNM).
Facility and Ancillary service Providers:

Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Skilled
Nursing Facilities, Home Health, Home
Infusion Therapy, Hospice, Rehabilitation
Facilities, Freestanding Surgery Centers,
Freestanding Radiology Centers, Portable
X-ray Suppliers, End Stage Renal Disease
Facilities, Clinical Laboratories,
Outpatient Physical therapy and Speech
Therapy providers, Rural Health Clinics,
Federally Qualified Health Centers
Orthotic and Prosthetic providers and
Durable Medical Equipment (DME)
providers.
 COMPOTENTS OF
CREDENTIALING:-
As with physicians, the components of a

credentialing system for nurses would be:
1. Appointment: Evaluation and selection

for nursing staff membership.
2.Clinical privileges: Delineation of the

specific nursing specialties that may be
managed types of illnesses or patients that
may be managed within the institution for
each member of the nursing staff.
3.Periodic reappraisal: Continuing

review and evaluation of each member of
the nursing staff to assure that competence
is maintained and consistent with privilege
CRITERIA FOR APPOINTMENT:
 Criteria for appointments would

include proof of licensure, education
and training, specialty board
certification, previous experience,
recommendations.
 Clinical privileges criteria would

include the proof of specialty training
and of performance of nursing
procedures or specialty care during
training and previous appointments.
12 3min Discuss about PRINCIPLES OF CREDENTIALING Explantion Listening Ppt What are the
the principles ACCORDING TO (ANA):- principles of
of credentialing?
credentialing A report of the Committee for the study of
Credentialing in Nursing was made in
1979. It included fourteen principles of
credentialing related to:
1. Those credentialed.
2. Legitimate interests of involved
occupation, institution, and general public.
3. Accountability
4. A system of checks and balances
5. Periodic assessments
6. Objective standards and criteria and
persons competent in their use
7. Representation of the community of the
interests
8. Professional identity and responsibility
9. An effective system of role delineation
10. An effective system of program
identification
11. Coordination of credentialing
mechanisms
12.Geographic mobility
13. Definitions and terminology
14.Communications and understanding
SELECTION Explantion Listening ppt What do you

13 4min discuss mean by
Introduction INTRODUCTION:- "The selection selection?
and definition process starts when applications are
about screened in the personnel department.
selection Selecting includes interviewing, the
employer's offer, acceptance by the
applicant, and signing of a contract or
written offer".
DEFINITION:-
{According to Yoder}
"It is the process of choosing from among
applicants the best qualified individuals,
Selecting includes interviewing, the

employer's offer. acceptance by the
applicant, and signing of a contract or
written offer". Selection may be carried
out centrally or locally, but in either case
certain policies or methods are adopted.
SELECTION POLICIES:-
1. Application forms: The issue and

receipt of application forms is the
administrative responsibility, and much of
the preliminary work is handled by the
clerical staff under the supervision of the
administrative head of the college. filed as
they are useful for evaluating
The application form should elicit the

following information:
 Name
 Address
 Age of the candidate
 Name of parents or guardians
 Occupation of father Details of

education
 Details of employment
A job application form serves three

main purposes:
1. It enables the hospital authorities to

weed out unsuitable candidates.
2. It acts as a frame of reference for the

interview.
3. It forms the basis for the personal

record file of the successful candidates

3. Selection committee: Usually the

selection occurs in the college itself.
Otherwise, if the selection is carried
outside the college, it is important that
at least representatives of the college
be a part of committee.
The members of the selection committee

should include
a. The head of the college of nursing

b. Professor
c. Representative of the local
controlling authority
d. Representative of the nursing
division of the state
e. An educational psychologist
3.Orientation programme: After
admission an orientation programme is to
be conducted to make the students aware
of the college rules, hostel rules and the
hospital and the college building and
associated parallel medical education
departments. Orientation should be given
by a senior faculty of the college of
nursing. Orientation programme may take
three to five days.

4. Development of master plan: When a

particular batch is admitted the class
teacher may draw a master plan according
to which the whole programme is planned.
Date of examinations and periodic
evaluation measures etc are formulated.
5. Parent teachers association: All

parents are enrolled in the parent teachers
association and this will help to have a
contact between the family members and
teachers.
STEPS IN SELECTION:
The steps which constitute the employee
selection process are the following:
I. Interview by personnel department
II.Pre-employment tests
written/oral/practical
III. Interview by department head

Explain PROMOTION Explantion Listening ppt What are the
Introduction INTRODUCTION:- The promotion Introduction and
14 4min and definition policy is one of the most controversial definition about
about issues in every organization. The ,factors
,factors management usually favors promotion on implying
implying the basis of merits, and the unions promotion?
promotion vehemently oppose it by saying that
managements resort to favouritism. The
unions generally favour promotions on the
basis of seniority. It is hence essential to
examine this issue and arrive at an
amicable solution.
DEFINITION:-
A change for better prospects from one job

to another job is deemed by the employee
as a promotion".
FACTORS IMPLYING
PROMOTION:-
The factors which are considered by

employees as implying promotion are:
 An increase in Salary
 A better future
 An increase in prestige
PROMOTION POLICY:
The promotion policy is one of the most

controversial issues in every organization.
The management usually favors promotion
TIME SPECIFIC on the basis of merits,
CONTENT and the unions TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE vehemently opposite by saying that ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
management resort to favoritism.
Promotion policy may include the
following:-
1. Charts and diagrams showing job

relationships and ladder of promotion
should be prepared. Those charts and
diagrams clearly distinguish each job and
connect various jobs by lines and arrows
showing the channels to promotion.
2. There should be some definite system

for making a waiting list after
identification and selection of those
candidates who are to be promoted as and
when vacancies occur.
3. All vacancies within the organization

should be notified so that all potential
candidates may complete.
1. The following eight factors must be the
basis for promotion:
Outstanding service in terms of quality as
well as quantity.
S.NO
15 3min Describe the ADVANTAGES OF A SOUND Explantion Listening ppt What are the
advantages of PROMOTION POLICY:- advantages of a
a sound sound
promotion  From a scientific management view promotion
policy point, a sound promotion policy has policy?
many advantages.
 It provides an incentive to employee to

work more and show interest in their
work. They put in their best in their
best and aim for promotion within the
organization.
 It develops loyalty amongst the

employees, because a sound promotion
policy assures them of their
promotions if they are found fit.
 It increases satisfaction among the

employees.
 SOLUTION TO PROMOTION
PROBLEMS:-
 Difficult human relations problem can

arise in promotion cases. These
problems may be reduced to the
minimum if extra and following
principles are observed.

 There should be a well-defined plan
for informing prospective employees
may know the various avenues for
their promotion.
 The organization chart and promotion

charts should be made so that
employees may know the various
avenues for their promotion.
 The promotion policy should be made

known to each and every organization.
 Management should prepare and

practice promotion policy sincerely.
CONCLUSION
Recruitment is an important function of health manpower management, which determines, whether the required will be available at
the work spot, when a job is actually to be undertaken. Recruitment procedures include the process and the methods by which
vaccines are notified, post are advertised, applications are handled and screened, interviews are conducted and appointments are made.
Credentialing is the process of establishing the qualification of licensed professionals, organizational members or organizations, and
assessing their background and legitimacy. Many health care institutions and provider networks conduct their own credentialing,
generally through a credentialing specialist or electronic service, with review by a medical staff or credentialing committee.
Placements are a credit bearing part of a degree course and all placements optional. If a student opts out of a placement or there is no
placement available, this means that placement is not guaranteed. The selection process starts when applications are screened in the
personnel department. Selecting includes interviewing, the employer's offer, acceptance by the applicant, and signing of a contract or
written offer. There has been great deal of controversy over the relative values of seniority and merit in any system of promotion.
Seniority will always remain a factor to be considered, but there be much greater opportunity for efficient personnel, irrespective of
their seniority, to move up speedily if merit is used as the basis for promotions. The promotion policy is one of the most controversial
issues in every organization. The management usually favors promotion on the basis of merits, and the unions vehemently opposite by
saying that management resort to favoritism. The unions generally favor promotions on the basis of seniority. However, in practice,
both seniority and ability criteria should be taken into consideration; but in order to allay the suspicious of the trade unions, there
should be written promotion policy which should be clearly understood by all.
GENRAL OBJECTIVE
 At the end of class group will get adequate knowledge about " RECRUTIMENT"
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
At the end of class group will be able to:
 To Introduction about recruitment.?

 To define recruitment.?
 Explain about the types of recruitment?
 Discuss the basic elements of sound recruitment policy?
 Discuss about the purposes and importance recruitment?
 List the objectives of recruitment?
 Discuss the principles of recruitment?
 Explain the sources of recruitment advantage and dis advantage?
 Discuss the each steps and recruitment process?
 Explain Introduction and definition about Credentialing?
 Discuss the purpose of credentialing?
 Discuss about the principles of credentialing?
 Explain Introduction and definition about ,steps selection?
 Discuss Introduction and definition about ,factors implying promotion?
SRI SATHYA SAI SANJEEVANI INSTITUTE NURSING AND
HEALTH CARE SCIENCES ATAL NAGAR NAVA RAIPUR
(C.G.)
 SUBJCET ;- NURSING MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE - TEACHING ON
 TOPIC;- RECRUTIMENT
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
MRS.JAYANTI PRADHAN NEHA MIRI
ASSOSITANT PROFESSOR MSC.NURSING
CHILD HEALTH NURSING 2st YEAR(M.S.N)

 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:
1. Drucker, P. (1954). The Practice Of Management. New York: Harper & Row. Humble, J. (1968). Improving Business Results.
New York: Mcgraw-Hill. Pageno; 253
2. Jogindra Vati, "Nursing Administration And Management", Second Edition, Jaypee Brothers Publishers, Pageno; 1053
3. Jogindra Vati, Principle And Practice Of Nursing Management Administration 2nd Edition Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd. Pageno; 2253
4. Nisha Clement, Essentials Of Management Of Nursing Service & Education, Jaypee Brothers Health Sciences Publishers (P)
Ltd. Pageno; 1506
5. G Johnston. Reviewing Audit: Barriers And Facilitating Factors For Effective Clinical- Audit. J. Quality In Health Care.
Pageno; 533
6. Fm Cheater And M Keane. Nurses Participation In Audit: A Regional Study. J. Quality In Health Care. 1998. Pageno; 454
Websites:
1. http://www.interscience.willey.com
2. http://www.ebscohost.com/ebooks/medical.
SRI SATHYA SAI SANJEEVANI INSTITUTE NURSING AND
HEALTH CARE SCIENCES ATAL NAGAR NAVA RAIPUR
(C.G.)
 SUBJCET ;- NURSING MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE - TEACHING ON
 TOPIC;- COMMUNICATION
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
MRS.JAYANTI PRADHAN NEHA MIRI
ASSOSITANT PROFESSOR MSC.NURSING
CHILD HEALTH NURSING 2st YEAR(M.S.N)

1 3min To introduction COMMUNICATION Explantion Listening ppt What do mean by

Defined about introduction
communication INTRODUCTION: Defined about
communication ?
Nurse Managers are required to be aware of the
techniques that can help them ensure effective
management of educational/service unit.
Communication is one of the most important
activities in the nursing management. It is the
foundation upon which the manager achieves
organizational objectives.
MEANING OF COMMUNICATION:
Communication is a process of change. In order

to achieve the desired result, the
communication necessarily is effective and
purposive.
DEFINITION COMMUNICATION:
It is a process by which two or more persons
exchange or share ideas facts, feelings or
impressions.
According To Keith Davis
Communication is the process by which it
sends information between sender and
receivers to get an understanding of the
communication.
According To Peter Little
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION:
2 3min Discuss the Explantion Listening ppt What are the
importance of Promotes motivation: importance of
communication communication?
Communication promotes motivation by
informing and clarifying the employees about
the task to be done, the manner they are
performing the task, and how to improve their
performance if it is not up to the mark.
Source of information:
Communication is a source of information to

the organizational members for decision-
making process as it helps identifying and
assessing alternative course of actions.
Altering individual's attitudes:
Communication also plays a crucial role in

altering individual's attitudes, i.e., a well-
informed individual will have better attitude
than a less-informed individual. Organizational
magazines, journals, meetings and various
other forms of oral and written communication
help in molding employee's attitudes.
Helps in socializing:
Communication also helps in socializing. In

today's life the only presence of another
individual fosters communication. It is also
said that one cannot survive without
communication.
Controlling process:
Communication also assists in controlling

process. It helps controlling organizational
member's behavior in various ways. There are
various levels of hierarchy and certain
principles and guidelines that employees must
follow in an organization. They must comply
with organizational policies, perform their job
role efficiently and communicate any work
problem and grievance to their superiors. Thus,
communication helps in controlling function of
management.
3 3min Discuss about ELEMENTS: Explantion Listening ppt What are the
the elements of There are seven elements of communication: elements of
communication  Source idea communication?
 Message
 Encoding
 Channel
 Receiver
 Decoding
 Feedback
Source idea:
The Source idea is the process by which one

formulates an idea to communicate to another
party. This process can be influenced by
external stimuli such as books or radio, or it
can come about internally by thinking about a
particular subject. The source idea is the basis
for the communication.
Message:
The Message is what will be communicated to

another party. It is based on the source idea, but
the message is crafted to meet the needs of the
audience. For example, if the message is
between two friends, the message will take a
different form than if communicating with a
superior.
Encoding:
Encoding is how the message is transmitted to

another party. The message is converted into a
suitable form for transmission. The medium of
transmission will determine the form of the
communication. For example, the message will
take a different form if the communication will
be spoken or written.
Channel:
The Channel is the medium of the
communication. The channel must be able to
transmit the message from one party to another
without changing the content of the message.
The channel can be a piece of paper, a
communications medium such as radio, or it
can be an email. The channel is the path of the
communication from sender to receiver. An
email can use the Internet as a channel.
Receiver:
The Receiver is the party receiving the
communication. The party uses the channel to
get the communication from the transmitter. A
receiver can be a television set, a computer, or
a piece of paper depending on the channel used
for the communication.
GENRAL OBJECTIVE
 At the end of class group will get adequate knowledge about " COMMUNICATION. "
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
At the end of class group will be able to:
1. To introduction Defined about communication?

2. Discuss the importance of communication?
3. Discuss about the elements of communication?
4. Discuss about the characteristics Of communication?
5. Discuss the process of Communication?
6. Discuss the principles of communication?
7. Describe the techniques to improve the communication ?
8. Explain the types of communication?
9. Explain the Formal V/S informal communication?
10. Discuss about the verbal v/s Non verbal communication?
11. Describe the Advantages and Disadvantages of communication?
12. Discuss about the barriers of Communication

Decoding:
Decoding is the process where the message is

interpreted for its content. It also means the
receiver thinks about the message's content and
internalizes the message. This step of the
process is where the receiver compares the
message to prior experiences or external
stimuli.
Feedback:
Feedback is the final step in the

communications process. This step conveys to
the transmitter that the message is understood
by the receiver. The receiver formats an
appropriate reply to the first communication
based on the channel and sends it to the
transmitter of the original message.
Explantion Listening ppt What are the
4 3min Discuss about CHARACTERISTICSOF characteristics
the COMMUNICATION: Of
characteristics Communication?
Of 1. Clarity:
communication
* One of the most essential characteristics of an
impressive communication is "Clarity".
* Use Simple and Sound words, so that

listeners can grab it easily.

* Be clear in your thoughts, jumbled and

confused mind cannot deliver a good and clear
saying.
* Avoid using any technical terms, try to

explain in laymen language.
* Use Examples to explain & support complex

scenarios.
* Work a little bit on your accent and

pronunciation.
2. Aim or Goal:
* At every stage of your talk/communication,

don't forget your "Aim or Goal".
* Try to deduce an acceptable stuff by judging

Pros & Cons impartially.
* Communicate with a broad and practical
mind.
3. Precision:
* Be precise & exact in your approach. Neither
be too deep nor be too short.
* Include some good facts acknowledging your

topic.

4. Avoid Repeatability, unless required so.

5. Linkage:
* Try to maintain a logic link between your

sayings.
* Don't put two opposite faces of coin at a same
time.
* Deliver in a structured & planned way.
6. Globalization and Localization:
* Try to explain the broader aspects but not on

the cost of local values.
* Aggregation of local values should result into
global and broader aspects.
7. Style of Expressing:
* Control various speech parameters like pitch,

tone, intensity etc. according to the
environment.
* Don't be too fast or too slow.
* Light Humor at the right time is always
accepted.
* Look straight & forward. Keep a light smile

* Avoid using words that show arrogance.

* Feel what you say.
* Avoid being too formal, be natural and

practical.
8. Know and analyze the audiences.
9. Do a good Homework.
10. Dress properly:
* 25% confidence and 25% Respect from

audiences comes automatically, if you have
dressed up well.
* Be neat, clean, ironed and polished

irrespective of the fact that you have dressed up
formally or informally.
* Do a good hair styling; avoid any casual or

unethical looks.

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION: Explantion Listening ppt

5 3min Discuss the What are the
process of All of the manager's functions involve process of
Communication. communication. The communication process Communication?
involves six steps.
Ideation:
The first step, ideation, begins when the sender
decides to share the content of her message
with someone, senses a need to communicate,
develops an idea or selects information to
share. The purpose of communication may be
inform, persuade, command, inquire or
entertain.
Encoding:
Encoding is the second step, involves putting
meaning into symbolic forms. Speaking,
writing or nonverbal behavior. One's personal,
cultural and professional biases affect the goals
and encoding process. Use of clearly
understood symbols and communication of all
the receiver needs to know are important.
Transmission:
The third step, transmission of the message,
must overcome interference such as garbled
speech, unintelligible use of words, long
complex sentences, and distortion from
recording devices, noise and illegible
handwriting.
Receiving:
The receiver's senses of seeing and hearing are

activated as the transmitted message is
received. People tend to have selective
attention (hear the message of interest to them
but not others) and selective perception (hear
the parts of the message that conform to what
they want to hear) that cause incomplete and
distorted interpretation of the communication.
Decoding:
Decoding of the message by the receiver is the
critical fifth step. Written messages allow more
time for decoding, as the receiver assesses the
explicit meaning and implications of the
message based on what the symbols mean to
her. The communication process is depend on
the receiver's understanding of the information.
Response or feedback:
It is the final step. It is important for the

manager or sender to know that the message
has been received and accurately interpreted.

6 3min Discuss the PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION: Explantion Listening ppt What are the
principles of Principles of
communication ➤ Communication should be conviction. communication?
➤ Communication should be appropriate to
situation.
➤ Communication should have objective and

purposes.
➤ Communication should promote total

achievement of purposes.
➤ Communication should represent the

personality and individuality of the
communication.
➤ Communication involves special

preparation.
➤ Communication should be oriented to the

interest and needs of the receiver.
➤ Communication through personal contact.

➤ Communication should seek attention.
➤ Communication should be familiar.

7 3min Describe the TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE THE Explantion Listening ppt What are the
techniques to COMMUNICATION: techniques to
improve the improve the
communication Listening: communication
?
An active process of receiving information.
The complete attention of the nurse is required
and there should be no preoccupation with
oneself. Listening is a sign of respect for the
person who is talking and a powerful reinforce
of relationships. It allows the patients to talk
more, without which the relationship cannot
progress.
Broad openings:
These encourage the patient to select topics for

discussion, and indicate that nurse is there,
Listening to him and following him. For e.g.
questions such as what shall we discuss today?
-can you tell me more about that!? -And then
what happened? From the part of the nurse
encourages the patient to talk.

Restating:
The nurse repeats to the patient the main
thought he has expressed. It indicates that the
nurse is listening. It also brings attention to
something important.
Clarification:
The person's verbalization, especially when he
is disturbed or feeling deeply, is not always
clear. The patient's remarks may be confused,
incomplete or disordered due to their illness.
So, the nurses need to clarify the feelings and
ideas expressed by the patients.
Reflection:
This means directing back to the patient his

ideas, feeling questions and content. Reflection
of content is also called validation. Reflection
of feeling consists of responses to the patient's
feeling about the content.
Focusing:
It means expanding the discussion on a topic of
importance. It helps the patient to become more
specific, move from vagueness to clarity and
focus on reality.
Sharing perceptions:
These are the techniques of asking the patient

to verify the nurse understands of what he is
thinking or feeling. For e.g. the nurse could ask
the patient, as you are smiling, but I sense that
you are really very angry with mel.
Theme identification:
This involves identifying the underlying issues

or problem experienced by the patient that
emerges repeatedly during the course of the
nurse-patient interaction. Once we identify the
basis themes, it becomes easy to decide which
of the patient's feeling and thoughts to respond
to and pursue.
Silence:
This is lack of verbal communication for a

therapeutic reason. Then the nurse's silence
prompts patient to talk. For e.g. just sitting with
a patient without talking, non-verbally
communicates our interest in the patient better.
Humor:
This is the discharge of energy through the

comic enjoyment of the imperfect. It is a
socially acceptable form of sublimation. It is a
part of nurse client relationship. It is
constructive coping behavior, and by learning
to express humor, a patient learns to express
how others feel.
Informing:
This is the skill of giving information. The

nurse shares simple facts with the patient.
Suggesting:
This is the presentation of alternative ideas

related to problem solving. It is the most useful
communication technique when the patient has
analyzed his problem area, and is ready to
explore alternative coping mechanisms. At that
time suggesting technique increase the patient's
choices.
8 5min Explain the TYPES OF COMMUNICATION: Explantion Listening ppt What are the
types of types of
communication ONE-WAY V/S TWO WAY communication?
COMMUNICATION:
One-way communication:
The flow of communication is one way from
the communicator to the audience. Examples
receive method.
 Drawbacks are:
 Knowledge is imposed.
 Learning is authoritative.
 Little audience participation.
 No feedback.
 Does not influence human behavior.

Two way communication:
In this both the communicators and the

audience take place. The process of
communication is active and democratic. It is
more likely to influence behavior than one way
communication.

9 5min Explain the FORMAL V/S Explantion Listening Black What are the
Formal V/S INFORMAL.COMMUNICATION: Broad Formal V/S
informal informal
communication Communication has been classified into formal Communication?
(follows lines of authority) and informal (group
line) communication.
Formal communication:
It is officially organized channels of

communication and it is delayed
communication. It is generally used for all
practices purposes. This authoritative, specific,
accurate and reaches everybody. The medium
of formal communication may be department
meeting, conferences, telephone calls,
interviews, circular etc.
Informal network:
Gossip circles such as friend's internet group,

likeminded people and casual groups.
Communication is very faster here. The
informal channels may be more active. It
follows grapevine route. It may be a fact but
more in native of rumor. It does not reach every
one informal communications are quite fast and
spontaneous.

Physiological communication:
It is a stimulus received by the body

immediately the brain receives the information
and transmits to the respective organs through
the nervous, where it has to be passed.
Psychic communication:
Extra sensory perception occurs, i.e. something

which will occur in future. The person pertains
and predicts that in advance is called psychic
communication.
Serial communication:
Person to person the message will be passed

line a chain. Sender passes the message to one
person, then that receiver passes information to
other and so on.
Symbolic communication:
Good communication requires awareness of
symbolic communication, the verbal and
nonverbal symbolism used by others to convey
meaning. Posters etc.
Discuss about Explantion Listening Black What are the

10 3min the verbal v/s VERBAL V/S NONVERBAL Board the verbal v/s
Non verbal COMMUNICATION: Non verbal
communication communication?
The traditional way of communication has been
by word of mouth language is the chief vehicle
of communication. Through it, one can interact
with other can be passes through. Direct verbal
communication by word of mouth may be
loaded with hidden meanings. The important
aspects if verbal communications are as
follows.
Vocabulary:
Communication is unsuccessful if senders and

receivers cannot translate each other's word and
phrases when a nurses cases for a client who
speaks another language an interpret may be
necessary.
Denotative and connotative meaning:
A single word has several meaning. Individuals

who use a common language share the
denotative meaning, baseball has the same
meaning for everyone who speaks English, but
code denotes cardiac arrest primarily to health
care providers.
The connotative meaning is the shade or

interpretation of a word's meaning influences
by the thoughts, feelings or ideas people have
about the word.
Pacing:
Conversation is more successful at an

appropriate speed or pace nurse should speak
slowly enough to enunciate clearly. Pacing is
improved by thinking before.
Adoptability:
Spoken messages need to be altered a
according with behavioral due from the
receiver. Sending unintended messages.
Intonation:
Tone of voice dramatically affects a meaning.
The nurse must be aware of voice line to avoid
sending unintended messages.
Clarity and brevity:
Effective communication is simple, brief and

direct. Clarity is achieved by speaking slowly,
enunciating clearly and using; repeating
important parts of a message also clarifies
communication.
Brevity is achieved by using short sentences

and words that expresses an idea simply and
directly.
Credibility:
Credibility means worthiness of belief,
trustworthiness and reliability.
Time and relevance:

Timing is critical in communication. Even
though message is clear, poor timing can
prevent it from being effective. Often the best
time for interaction is when a client express an
interest in communication. If message are
relevant of important to the situation at hand,
they are more effective.
Oral communication:
Oral communication is a transmitting message

orally either by meeting the person through
artificial media of communication such as
telephone and intercom systems.
Written communication:
It is transmitting message in writing. Written

communication can be followed when a record
of communication is necessary.
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION:
Communication can occur even without word.

Non-verbal communication is message
transmission through body language without
using words. It includes bodily movements,
positive, facial expression. Silence is nonverbal
communication. It can speak louder than
words.
Personal appearance:
Nurse learn to develop a general impression of
clients health and emotion status through
appearance and clients develop a general
expression of the nurse's professionalism and
Caring in the same way personal appearance

includes physical characteristics, facial
expression, manner of dress and grooming first
impressions are largely based on appearance.
Poster and gait:
Poster and gait are forms of self-expressions.

The way people sit, stand and more reflect
attitudes, emotion and self-concept and health
status.
Facial expression:
The face is the most expressive part of the

body. Facial expression conveys emotion such
as surprise, fear, anger, happiness and sadness.
People can be unaware of the messages their
expression convey doing procedure and the
client may interpret. This is anger or
disapproval.
Eye contact:
Maintaining eye contact during conversation

shows respect and willingness to listen, lack of
eye contact may indicate anxiety, discomfort or
lack of confidence in communicating.
Hand movements and gestures:
Hands also communicate by touch, slapping or

caring another's head communicates obvious
feelings.
MECHANICAL COMMUNICATION:
By using mechanical devices the

communication will be sent. For e.g. internet,
radio, T.V. etc.
ADVANTAGES OF COMMUNICATION: Explantion Listening ppt What are the

11 4min Describe the Advantages and
Advantages and Oral communication: Disadvantages of
Disadvantages communication?
of  It is face to face system and hence can be
communication clarified.
 There is an opportunity to ask questions,

exchange ideas and clarify meaning.
 It can develop a friendly and co-operative

spirit.
 It is easy and quick.
 It is flexible and hence effective.

 It has permanent record for future

reference.
 It is less likely to be misunderstood.
 It will have adequate coverage and

accuracy.
 Suitable for communicating lengthy

messages.
 It is an authoritative communication.
DISADVANTAGES OF
COMMUNICATION:
Oral communication:
 The spoken words may be misunderstood.
 The facial expression and tone of voice of

the communicator may mislead the
receiver.
 Not suitable for lengthy communication. It

requires the art of effective specificity
 It requires skill and education for

understanding.
 It is also one way communication and

hence may not be effective.
 There is no opportunity for the subordinates

to ask questions and exchange ideas.
 It may not communicate all aspects.
CHANNELS OF MANAGERIAL Explantion Listening ppt What are the

12 3min Explain the COMMUNICATION: channels of
channels of managerial
managerial There are four levels of managerial communication?
communication communication:
1. Downward communication.
2. Upward communication.
3. Lateral communication.
4. Diagonal communication.
Downward communication:
This is the traditional and most used

communication, where the management gives
orders to the subordinates at the bottom level to
carry out the orders as per the organizational
hierarchy.
Upward communication:
Upward communication in the management

levels from staff, lower and middle
management personnel and continuous up to
the organizational hierarchy. It provides a
means for motivating satisfying personnel by
encouraging employees input.
Lateral communication:
Lateral or horizontal communication is referred
to the communication which takes place
between the departments or personnel on the
same level of the hierarchy.
Diagonal communication:
Diagonal communication occurs between two
individuals or departments that are not on the
same level of the hierarchy.

13 4min Discuss about BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION: Explantion Listening ppt What are the
the barriers of barriers of
Communication Communication barriers create problem of Communication?
misunderstanding and conflict between men
who live together in the same community, who
work together on the same job and even
between men living in the distinct parts of the
world who have never seen one another.
Following are the main barriers to overcome:
1. Due to organization structure:
The breakdown or distribution in

communication sometimes arises due to:
1. Several layers of management;
2. Long lines of communication;
3. Special distance of subordinates from top

management;
4. Lack of instructions for passing information

to the subordinates;
5. Heavy pressures of work at certain levels of

authority.
2. Due to status and position:
1. The attitude exhibited by the supervisor are

sometimes a hurdle in two way
communication. One common illustration is
non listening habit. A supervisor may guard
information for:
a. Consideration of prestige, ego and strategy.
b. Underrating the understanding and

intelligence of subordinates.
2. Prejudice among the supervisors and

subordinates may stand in the way of a free
flow of information and understanding.
3.The supervisors particularly at the middle

level may sometimes like to be in good books
of top management by:
a. not seeking clarification on instructions
which are subject to different interpretations;
and
b. Acting as screen for passing only such

information which may please the boss.
3. Semantic barriers:
Semantic is the science of meaning. Words

seldom mean same thing to two person.
Symbols.
4. Tendency to evaluate:
A major barrier to the communication is the
natural tendency to judge the statement of the
person or other group. Everyone tries to
evaluate others from his own point of view or
experience
THEORIES OF COMMUNICATION: Explantion Listening ppt What are the

15 3min Explain the theories of
theories of Related to management: communication?
communication
 The decibel theory
 The sell theory
 The minivet theory
The decibel theory:

It argues that the best way to get the message
across is to state one's point loudly and
frequently. Its effectiveness over a period of
time is nil, but many of us still need to be
reminded that shouting only makes poor
communication louder.

The sell theory:
It lies down that the total burden of

communication is on the communicator while
the receiver is passive and pliable. One of the
problems created by this approach is that it
tends to increase the barriers between the
individuals and thus reduces the chances of
hearing each other.
The minivet theory:
It assumes that the receiver probably is not

much interested in what is being
communicated. By telling an individual what
he needs to know, he will have little to object
and little to question.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
1. Bashvanthappa BT, Nursing Education 2nd edition Page no 583-584
2. Sodhi J K comprehensive textbook of Nursing Education 1 edition page no 508
3. Bijayalaskhmi Dash A Comprehensive Text Book of Community Health Nursing 1st edition page no 148-149.
4. Basheer. S. P. khan S.Y.A Concise textbook of advanced nursing practice. 1st edition. Bangalore: Emmess medical publishers;
2012 page no: 551-560
5. Soni. S. Textbook of advanced nursing practice. 1st edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers(p)Ltd; 2013
Page no: 134-149
WEBSITE
https://alison.com/courses/introduction-to- communicatioskills/content/scorn/11101/module- 3-introduction-to-communication-skills-

assessment

Communication

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Communication

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.

RECRUITMENT Explantion Listening ppt What are the

2 2 To define DEFINITION: Explantion Listening ppt What do you

2. According to IGNOU Module: "It is a

3. According to Yoder "Recruitment is a

Adequate numbers to facilitate effective

1. Planned: arise from changes in

2. Anticipated: by studying trends in the

3. Unexpected: arise due to accidents,

The requirement process is concerned with

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION

o Use of the attractive recruitment

o Use of the scientific tests for

o Tapping capable candidates from

o Placement program which assigns the

o A follow up probation ally program as

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION

o Help reduce the probability that the job

o Meet the organization's legal and

o Start identifying and preparing

o Increase organizational and individual

o Evaluate the effectiveness of various

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION

 To induct outsiders with new

 To infuse fresh blood at all levels of

 To develop an organizational culture

 To search or heat hunt/ head pouch

 To devise methodologies for assessing

 To seek out non-conventional

 To search for talent globally and not

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION

1. Termination and creation of any post

2. Only the vacant positions should be

3. Job description/ work analysis should

4. Procedure for recruitment should be

5. Recruitment of workers should be

6. Recruitment should be done on the

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION

9. Policy should be clear and changeable

I. Internal sources/ direct source-

Present employees:- promotion and

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION

 It improves the probability of a good

 It is less costly ambitious.

 Those chosen internally are familiar

 Former employees: some retired

 Previous applicants: although not

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION

 Creative problem solving may be

 Divisions complete for the same people

 Politics probably has a greater impact on

II. External sources/ Indirect source:-

Professional or trade associations: many

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION

Advertisement must contain the following

 The job content (primary tasks and

 A realistic description of working

 The location of the job

 Employment exchange: Employment

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER STUDENT A.V EVALUATION

 Walk-ins, write-ins and Talk-ins:

 Talk-in is becoming popular now-in

International Recruiting: Recruitment in