M0ST REPEATED SHORT QUESTIONS

(GUJRANWALA BOARD)
CHAPTER-12

(ELECTROSTATICS)

1) The potential is constant throughout a given region of space.is the

electrical field zero or nom zero in this region?
Explain.(GRW2016)
2) Suppose that you follow an electric field line due to a positive
point charge. Do the electric field and the potential increase or
decrease?(GRW2015,2016,2017)
3) How can you identify which plate of a capacitor is positively
charged?(GRW,2017,2018,2021GI)
4) Describe the force or the forces on a point positive charges when
placed between parallel plates. (a) With similar and equal charges.
(b) With opposite and equal charges.(GRW2018,2022GIGII)
5) Electric field lines of force never cross.
Why?(GRW2015,2016,20172018GII,2019GII)
6) If a point charge of mass m is released in a non-uniform electric
field with field lines pointing in the same direction, will it make a
rectilinear motion?(GRW2022GI)
7) Is E necessarily zero inside a charge rubber balloon, if balloon is
spherical? Assume that charge is distributed uniformly over the
surface.(GRW2015,2019GII)
8) Do electrons tend to go to region of high potential or of low
potential?(GRW2016,2017)
9) State gauss’s law. Write down its mathematical form.(GRW2017)

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 10) Define electron-volt1𝑒𝑉 = 1.6 ×
10−19 J.(GRW,2015GIGII,2021GII)
11) Comment on the uni-directional of electric line of
force?(GRW2019GI,2022GII)
12) Define capacitance. Give its units.(GRW2017)
a. What is the difference between electric and gravitational
force?(GRW2015,2021GII,2022GI)
13) What is time constant? Prove that the unit of series RC circuit
is second.(GRW2016)
14) What is orientation of the surface in the electric field to get
maximum flux through it?(GRW2016)
1 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 1 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛
15) Show that = .(GRW2022GII)
1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 1 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏
16) Define potential gradient. Give its unit.(GRW2018,2019GII)
17) Describe four properties of electric field
lines.(GRW2018,2019GI,2022GII)
18) A particle having a charge of 20 electron on it fall through a
potential difference of 100 V. calculate the energy acquired by it in
electron volt. (GRW2019GI)
19) Upon what factors electric flux does depend?(GRW2021GII)
CHAPTER-13
(CURRENT ELECTRICITY)

1) Do bends in a wire affect its electrical resistance? Explain.(GRW

2016,2018,2019GI,2022GI)
2) What are difficulties in testing whether the filament of a lighted
bulb obeys ohms law?(GRW 2017,GRW2019GII)
3) Why does the resistance the of a conductor rise with
temperature?(GRW 2015,2022GII)

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 4) Is the filament resistance lower or higher in a 500W, 220V light
bulb than in a 100W ,220V bulb?(GRW 2017,2021GI, 2022GI)
5) Describe a circuit that will give a continuously varying
potential?(GRW,2018,2021GI)
6) Explain why the terminal potential difference of a battery
decreases when current drawn from it is increased?(GRW
2021GII)
7) What is Wheatstone bridge? How it can be used to determine an
unknown resistance?(GRW2019GI,2022GI)
8) Define conventional current and electronic current.(GRW2015GI)
9) Define ohms law. Express it mathematically. Also define ohmic
and non ohmic devices.(GRW2019GI,2022GI)
10) Why we prefer potentiometer in place of a voltmeter for
measuring potential difference?(GRW2019GI)
11) A potential difference is applied across the ends of a copper
wire. What is effect on drift velocity of free electrons by: (a)
increasing the potential difference? (b) Decreasing the length and
temperature of the wire?(GRW2019GII)
12) Give two substances having negative temperature
coefficient.(GRW 2018)
13) Distinguish between electromotive force and potential
difference.(GRW2019GI)
14) Define temperature coefficient of resistance. Give its unit.
Write down an expression for temperature coefficient of resistance
in terms of resistivity.(GRW2017,2021GI)
15) State Kirchhoff’s rules and write its mathematical
relations.(GRW2019GII)
16) Write about any two/four sources of current.(GRW2017)
17) What are thermistors? Write down their
applications.(GRW2021GII)

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 18) Distinguish between resistivity and conductivity. (GRW2022GI)

CHAPTER-14
(ELECTROMAGNETISM)
1. A plane-conducting loop is located in a uniform magnetic field
that is directed along x-axis. For what orientation of the loop is the
flux a maximum? For what orientation is the flux minimum?
1. Describe the change in the magnetic field inside a solenoid
carrying a steady current I, if (a) the length of the solenoid is
boubled but the number of turns remains the same. (b)number of
turns is doubled, but the length remains the same.
2. At a given instant, a proton moves in positive x-direction in a
region where there is a magnetic field in the negative z-direction.
What is the direction of magnetic force? will the proton continue to
move in the positive x- direction. Explain.
3. Two charged particles are projected into a region where there is a
magnetic field perpendicular to their velocities. If the charges are
deflected in opposite directions, what can you say about them?
4. Suppose that a charge is moving in a uniform magnetic field with
velocity v. why there is no work done by the magnetic force that
acts on the charge q?
5. If a charge particle moves ibn a straight line through some region
of space, can you say that the magnetic field in the region is zero?
6. Why does the picture of a TV screen become distorted when a
magnet is brought near the screen?
7. Is it possible to orient the current loop in a uniform magnetic field
such that the loop will not tend to rotate. Explain.
8. How can a current loop be used to determine the presence of
magnetic field in a given region of space?
9. How can you use a magnetic field to separate isotopes of chemical
element?
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 10. What should be the orientation of current carrying coil so that
torque acting on the coil is (a) maximum (b) minimum?
11. Why the resistance of an ammeter should be very low?
12. Why the voltmeter should have a very high resistance?
13. What is cathode ray oscilloscope and galvanometer?
14. Name the main parts of CRO.
15. What is the difference between motor and a generator?
16. What is function of grid in CRO.
17. What is meant by sensitivity of galvanometer? How can
galvanometer be made more sensitive?
18. Draw saw tooth voltage wave form and describe it?
19. State amperes law. Write down its formula.
20. Define magnetic flux and magnetic flux density?
21. How the beam of electrons is focused on the screen of CRO.
Show it with diagram?
22. Write uses of CRO.
23. What is dead beat galvanometer.

Chapter-15
(ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION)

1. Does the induced emf in a circuit depend on the resistance of the

circuit? does the induced current depend on the resistance of the
circuit?(GRW2021GII,2022GI)
2. Does the induced emf always act to decrease the magnetic flux
through the circuit?
3. In the certain region the earth’s magnetic field points vertically down.
When a plane flies due to north, which wingtip is positively charged?
Δ∅
4. Show that Ɛ and have the same units.
Δ𝑡

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5. Can D.C motor be turned into D.C generator? what changes are
required to be done?
6. Can an electric motor be used to drive an electric generator without
an output from the generator being used to operate the motor?
7. An a step-up transformer increase the power level?(b) In transformer,
there is no transfer of charge from primary to secondary. How is then
power transferred?
8. When an electric motor, such as an electric drill, is being used, does it
also act as a generator? if so what is the consequence of this?
9. What is motional emf? Give its formula?
10. Define induced current and induced emf?
11. Name the factors on which self-inductance depend?
12. Define faradays and Lenz law?
13. Four unmarked wires emerged from a transformer? what steps
would you take to determine the turns ratio?
14. If area of the loop and magnetic field both are changing and still
have no induced emf. Explain why?
15. What is meant by commutator in D.C generator?
16. Define mutual induction and its units?
17. What happens when motor is overloaded?
18. What is D.C motor? Describe its parts?
19. How the power losses in a transformer can be minimized?

CHAPTER-16
(ALTERNATING CURRENT)

1. Name the device that will (a) permit of direct current but oppose the
flow of the alternating current (b) permit the flow of alternating
current but not the direct current.

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2. How many times per second will an in candescent lamp reach
maximum brilliance when connected to a 50 Hz source?
3. A circuit contained an iron cored inductor, a switch a D.C source
connected in series. The switch is closed and after an interval,
reopened. Explain why a spark jumps across the switch contacts?
4. How does doubling the frequency affect the reactance of (a) an
inductor (b) a capacitor.
5. In an RL circuit, will the current lag or lead the voltage? Illustrate
your answer by a vector diagram.
6. Explain the condition under which electromagnetic waves are
produced from a source?
7. How the reception pf particular radio system is selected on your radio
set?
8. What is meant by A.M and F.M?
9. What is main advantage of three phase a.c supply?
10. F.M radio waves provide a higher quality transmission than A.M
radio waves. Discuss briefly.
11. What is difference between a.c and d.c circuit?
12. At what frequency will an inductor of 1.0 H have reactance of
500ohm?
13. A 100micro farad is connected to an alternating voltage of 24V and
frequency 50Hz.
14. Define impedance and write down its SI unit.
15. What do you mean by root mean square value of a.c voltage?

Chapter-17
(PHYSICS OF SOLIDS)

1. Distinguish between crystalline, amorphous and polymeric solids?

2. Define stress and strain. What are their SI units? Differentiate
between tensile, compressive and shear modes of stress and strain?
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3. Define modulus of elasticity. Show that the unit of modulus of
elasticity and stress are same. Also discuss its three kinds?
4. What is meant by strain energy? How can it be determined from the
force-extension graph?
5. Describe the formation of energy in solids. Explain what the
difference amongst the electrical behavior of conductors, insulators
and semiconductors in terms of energy band theory.
6. Discuss the mechanism of electrical conduction by holes and
electrons in a pure semiconductor element.
7. Write a note on superconductors.
8. What is meant by para, dia and ferromagnetic substances? Give
examples for each.
9. What is meant by hysteresis losses? how is it used in the construction
of a transformer?
10. Define elasticity and plasticity.
11. Define ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and fracture stress.
12. Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors?
13. Define two types of types of elastic constants?
14. Define the terms elastic limit, yield point.
15. What is the difference between ductile and brittle substance?

CHAPTER-18
(ELECTRONICS)

1. How does the motion of an electron in N type substance differ from

the motion of holes in P type substance?
2. What is net charge on N type or a P type substance?
3. The anode of a diode is 0.2 positive with respect to its cathode. Is it
forward biased?
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4. Why charge carriers are not present in the depletion region?
5. What is effect of forward and reverse biasing of a diode on the width
of depletion region?
6. Why a photo diode is operated in reverse biased state?
7. Why the base current in a transistor is very small?
8. The inputs of a gate are 1 and 0. Identify the gate if its output is (a) 0,
(b) 1.
9. Write down symbol and truth table of exclusive NOR gate.
10. What is meant by forward and reverse biasing of a semiconductor
diode?
11. Why ordinary silicon do not emit light?
12. what is OR gate. Write its truth table.
13. Write a note on LED.
14. Define digital system and logic gates.
15. Define open loop gain and write its relation?
16. What is photovoltaic cell?
17. What does it mean when we say that output of an amplifier is 180°
out of phase with its input?
18. What is an ideal diode?
19. What is principle of virtual ground of operational amplifier?

Chapter-19
(DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS)
1. Does the dilation mean that time really passes more slowly in moving
system or that it seems to pass more slowly?
2. If you are moving in a spaceship at very high speed relative to the
earth, would you notice a difference (a)in your pulse rate. (b) In the
pulse rate of people on earth?
3. Which photon, red, green, or blue carries the most (a) energy and (b)
momentum?
4. Which has the energy quanta? Radio waves or x-rays.

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5. Does the brightness of a beam of light primarily depend on the
frequency of photons or on the number of photons?
6. Will the bright light eject more electrons from a metal surface than
dimmer light of same color?
7. When light shines on a surface, its momentum transferred to the
metal surface?
8. Photon A has twice energy of photon B. what is ratio of the
momentum of A to that of B?
9. Why don’t we observe a Compton Effect with visible light?
10. Can pair production take place in vacuum? Explain.
11. Is it possible to create a single electron from energy? Explain.
12. If electrons behaved only like particles. What pattern would you
expect on the screen after electrons pass through the double slit?
13. We don’t notice the de-Broglie wavelength for a pitched cricket
ball?
14. If the following particles have the same energy, which has the
shortest wavelength? Electron, alpha particle neutron, proton.
15. When does light behave as wave? When does it behave as
particle?
16. What advantages an electron microscope has over an optical
microscope?
17. Write down the postulates of special theory of special theory
of relativity.
18. Write down any two postulate of Bohr theory.
19. What happens to total radiation from a black body if its
absolute temperature is doubled?
20. What do you mean by annihilation of matter and pair
production?
21. What are the measurements on which two observers in
relative motion will always agree upon?

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 22. What is wave particle duality? Give its one practical use.
23. Is it possible to move with speed of light? Justify your
answer.
24. What are blackbody radiations and how can you get a black
body?
25. Write down some important results of photoelectric effect.
26. A beam of red light and a beam of blue light have exactly
same energy which beams contain greater number of
photons.
27. State the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

CHAPTER-20
(ATOMIC SPECTRA)

1. Bohrs theory of hydrogen atom is based upon several assumptions.

Do any of these assumptions contradict classical physics?
2. What is meant by a line spectrum? Explain how line spectrum can be
used for identification of elements.
3. Can an electron in the ground state of hydrogen absorb a photon of
energy 13.6ev or greater than 13.6ev.
4. How can the spectrum of hydrogen contain so many lines when
hydrogen contains one electron?
5. Is energy conserved when an atom emits a photon of light?
6. What do we mean when we say that atom is excited?
7. Can x-rays be reflected, diffracted and polarized just like any other
waves? Explain.
8. What are advantages of laser over ordinary light?
9. Explain why laser action could not occur without population
inversion between atomic levels?
10. What is meant by spontaneous stimulated emission?
11. Write down two uses of laser? In medicine?
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12. What is meant by population inversion and lasing action?
13. Define spectroscopy, holography.

CHAPTER-21
(NUCLEAR PHYSICS)

1. What are isotopes? What do they have in common and what are their
differences?
2. Why are heavy nuclei unstable?
3. If a nucleus has a half-life of 1 year, does this mean that it will be
completely decayed after 2 years? Explain.
4. What fraction of a radioactive sample decays after two half-lives have
elapsed?
5. Describe a brief account of interaction of various types of radiations
with matter?
6. Explain how 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽-particles may ionize an atom without directly
hitting the electrons? What is the difference in the action of the two
particles for producing ionization?
7. A particle which produces more ionization is less penetrating. Why?
8. What information revealed by the length and shape of the tracks of an
incident particle in Wilson cloud chamber?
9. What do we mean by the term critical mass?
10. What factors make fusion reaction difficult to achieve?
11. What do you understand by back ground radiations? State two
sources of this radiation?
12. What is radioactive tracer? Describe one application in medicine?
13. How can radioactivity help in treatment of cancer?
14. Write name of basic forces of nature?
15. Define mass defect and binding energy?

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16. If you swallow a 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽-source which would be more dangerous
to you?
17. What factors make fusion reaction difficult to achieve?
18. Define half-life of radioactive element. Also write its formula.
19. What is function of moderator in nuclear reactor?
20. If 233
92𝑈 decays twice by 𝛼-emission what is the resulting isotope?
21. What factors make fusion difficult to achieve?
22. Define leptons and hadrons?
23. Define (a) absorbed dose (b) gray.

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