Textbook China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2018 Proceedings Volume Iii Jiadong Sun Ebook All Chapter PDF

China Satellite Navigation Conference
CSNC 2018 Proceedings Volume III

Jiadong Sun
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://textbookfull.com/product/china-satellite-navigation-conference-csnc-2018-proc
eedings-volume-iii-jiadong-sun/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...
China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2018

Proceedings Volume II Jiadong Sun
https://textbookfull.com/product/china-satellite-navigation-
conference-csnc-2018-proceedings-volume-ii-jiadong-sun/

Proceedings Volume III 1st Edition Jiadong Sun
conference-csnc-2017-proceedings-volume-iii-1st-edition-jiadong-
sun/

Proceedings Volume I Jiadong Sun
conference-csnc-2019-proceedings-volume-i-jiadong-sun/

Proceedings Volume II Jiadong Sun
conference-csnc-2019-proceedings-volume-ii-jiadong-sun/
Proceedings Volume I 1st Edition Jiadong Sun
conference-csnc-2017-proceedings-volume-i-1st-edition-jiadong-
sun/
Computational Science ICCS 2018 18th International

Conference Wuxi China June 11 13 2018 Proceedings Part
III Yong Shi
https://textbookfull.com/product/computational-science-
iccs-2018-18th-international-conference-wuxi-china-
june-11-13-2018-proceedings-part-iii-yong-shi/
Artificial Intelligence and Security 6th International

Conference ICAIS 2020 Hohhot China July 17 20 2020
Proceedings Part III Xingming Sun
https://textbookfull.com/product/artificial-intelligence-and-
security-6th-international-conference-icais-2020-hohhot-china-
july-17-20-2020-proceedings-part-iii-xingming-sun/
Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing

18th International Conference ICA3PP 2018 Guangzhou
China November 15 17 2018 Proceedings Part III Jaideep
Vaidya
https://textbookfull.com/product/algorithms-and-architectures-
for-parallel-processing-18th-international-conference-
ica3pp-2018-guangzhou-china-november-15-17-2018-proceedings-part-
iii-jaideep-vaidya/
Advances in Multimedia Information Processing – PCM

2018: 19th Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Hefei,
China, September 21-22, 2018, Proceedings, Part III
Richang Hong
https://textbookfull.com/product/advances-in-multimedia-
information-processing-pcm-2018-19th-pacific-rim-conference-on-
multimedia-hefei-china-september-21-22-2018-proceedings-part-iii-
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 499
Jiadong Sun · Changfeng Yang

Shuren Guo
Editors
China Satellite
Navigation
Conference (CSNC)
2018 Proceedings
Volume III
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume 499
Board of Series editors

Leopoldo Angrisani, Napoli, Italy
Marco Arteaga, Coyoacán, México
Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi, New Delhi, India
Samarjit Chakraborty, München, Germany
Jiming Chen, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Shanben Chen, Shanghai, China
Tan Kay Chen, Singapore, Singapore
Rüdiger Dillmann, Karlsruhe, Germany
Haibin Duan, Beijing, China
Gianluigi Ferrari, Parma, Italy
Manuel Ferre, Madrid, Spain
Sandra Hirche, München, Germany
Faryar Jabbari, Irvine, USA
Limin Jia, Beijing, China
Janusz Kacprzyk, Warsaw, Poland
Alaa Khamis, New Cairo City, Egypt
Torsten Kroeger, Stanford, USA
Qilian Liang, Arlington, USA
Tan Cher Ming, Singapore, Singapore
Wolfgang Minker, Ulm, Germany
Pradeep Misra, Dayton, USA
Sebastian Möller, Berlin, Germany
Subhas Mukhopadyay, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Cun-Zheng Ning, Tempe, USA
Toyoaki Nishida, Kyoto, Japan
Federica Pascucci, Roma, Italy
Yong Qin, Beijing, China
Gan Woon Seng, Singapore, Singapore
Germano Veiga, Porto, Portugal
Haitao Wu, Beijing, China
Junjie James Zhang, Charlotte, USA
** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI Proceedings, EI-Compendex,
SCOPUS, MetaPress, Springerlink **
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering (LNEE) is a book series which reports the latest research
and developments in Electrical Engineering, namely:
• Communication, Networks, and Information Theory

• Computer Engineering
• Signal, Image, Speech and Information Processing
• Circuits and Systems
• Bioengineering
• Engineering
The audience for the books in LNEE consists of advanced level students, researchers, and industry
professionals working at the forefront of their fields. Much like Springer’s other Lecture Notes
series, LNEE will be distributed through Springer’s print and electronic publishing channels.
For general information about this series, comments or suggestions, please use the contact
address under “service for this series”.
To submit a proposal or request further information, please contact the appropriate Springer
Publishing Editors:
Asia:
China, Jessie Guo, Assistant Editor (jessie.guo@springer.com) (Engineering)

India, Swati Meherishi, Senior Editor (swati.meherishi@springer.com) (Engineering)
Japan, Takeyuki Yonezawa, Editorial Director (takeyuki.yonezawa@springer.com)
(Physical Sciences & Engineering)
South Korea, Smith (Ahram) Chae, Associate Editor (smith.chae@springer.com)
(Physical Sciences & Engineering)
Southeast Asia, Ramesh Premnath, Editor (ramesh.premnath@springer.com)
(Electrical Engineering)
South Asia, Aninda Bose, Editor (aninda.bose@springer.com) (Electrical Engineering)
Europe:
Leontina Di Cecco, Editor (Leontina.dicecco@springer.com)

(Applied Sciences and Engineering; Bio-Inspired Robotics, Medical Robotics, Bioengineering;
Computational Methods & Models in Science, Medicine and Technology; Soft Computing;
Philosophy of Modern Science and Technologies; Mechanical Engineering; Ocean and Naval
Engineering; Water Management & Technology)
(christoph.baumann@springer.com)
(Heat and Mass Transfer, Signal Processing and Telecommunications, and Solid and Fluid
Mechanics, and Engineering Materials)
North America:
Michael Luby, Editor (michael.luby@springer.com) (Mechanics; Materials)
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7818

Jiadong Sun Changfeng Yang
•
Shuren Guo
Editors
China Satellite Navigation

Conference (CSNC) 2018
Proceedings
Volume III
123
Editors
Jiadong Sun Shuren Guo
China Aerospace Science China Satellite Navigation
and Technology Corporation Engineering Center
Beijing Beijing
China China
Changfeng Yang
China Satellite Navigation
Engineering Center
Beijing
China
ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
ISBN 978-981-13-0028-8 ISBN 978-981-13-0029-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0029-5
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018938375
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from
the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or
for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
part of Springer Nature
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
Editorial Board
Topic: S1: Satellite Navigation Technology

Chairman
Qin Zhang, Chang’an University, Shaanxi, China
Vice-Chairman
Feixue Wang, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
Shuanggen Jin, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shanghai, China
Xiaolin Meng, University of Nottingham, UK
Topic: S2: Navigation and Location Service

Chairman
Yamin Dang, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing, China
Vice-Chairman
Baoguo Yu, The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group
Corporation, Hebei, China
Qun Ding, The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group
Corporation, Shaanxi, China
Kefei Zhang, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
Topic: S3: Satellite Navigation Signal and Anti-Jamming

Technologies
Chairman
Xiaochun Lu, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shaanxi, China
v
vi Editorial Board
Vice-Chairman
Yanhong Kou, Beihang University, Beijing, China
Zheng Yao, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Topic: S4: Satellite Orbit and Satellite Clock Error

Chairman
Xiaogong Hu, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shanghai, China
Vice-Chairman
Rongzhi Zhang, Xi’an Satellite Control Center, Shaanxi, China
Geshi Tang, Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing, China
Maorong Ge, Geo Forschungs Zentrum (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany
Topic: S5: Precise Positioning Technology

Chairman
Qile Zhao, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
Vice-Chairman
Jianwen Li, The PLA Information Engineering University, Henan, China
Shuli Song, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shanghai, China
Yanming Feng, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Topic: S6: Time–Space Datum and Temporal Frequency

Technologies
Chairman
Lianshan Gao, The 203th Research Institute of China Aerospace Science &
Industry Corporation, Beijing, China
Vice-Chairman
Chunhao Han, Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing, China
Xiaohui Li, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shaanxi,
China
Nikolay Demidov, Vremya CH Corporation, Novgorod, Russia
Topic: S7: Satellite Navigation Augmentation Technology

Chairman
Junlin Zhang, OLinkStar Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
Editorial Board vii
Vice-Chairman
Jinping Chen, Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing, China
Rui Li, Beihang University, Beijing, China
Shaojun Feng, Imperial College London Qianxun Positioning Network, Co., Ltd.,
Shanghai, China
Dun Wang, Space Star Aerospace Technology Applications Co., Ltd.,
Heilongjiang, China
Topic: S8: Test and Assessment Technology

Chairman
Xiaolin Jia, Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Shaanxi, China
Vice-Chairman
Jun Yang, National University of Defense Technology, Hunan, China
Jianguang Qu, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, China
Yang Gao, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Topic: S9: User Terminal Technology

Chairman
Haibo He, Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing, China
Vice-Chairman
Baowang Lian, Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shaanxi, China
Hong Li, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Topic: S10: Multi-Source Fusion Navigation Technology

Chairman
Zhongliang Deng, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing,
China
Vice-Chairman
Hong Yuan, Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China
Yongbin Zhou, National University of Defense Technology
Jinling Wang, University of New South Wales, Australia
viii Editorial Board
Topic: S11: PNT New Concept, New Methods and New

Technology
Chairman
Mingquan Lu, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Vice-Chairman
Wei Wang, The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group
Ying Xu, Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China
Sang Jeong Lee, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
Topic: S12: Policies and Regulations, Standards

and Intellectual Properties
Chairman
Junlin Yang, Beihang University, Beijing, China
Vice-Chairman
Daiping Zhang, China Defense Science and Technology Information Center,
Beijing, China
Yonggang Wei, China Academy of Aerospace Standardization and Product
Assurance, Beijing, China
Huiying Li, Electronic Intellectual Property Center, Ministry of Industry and
Information Technology, PRC Beijing, China
Preface
BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is China’s global navigation satellite

system which has been developed independently. BDS is similar in principle to
global positioning system (GPS) and compatible with other global satellite navi-
gation systems (GNSSs) worldwide. BDS will provide highly reliable and precise
positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services and short-message communi-
cation for all users under all-weather, all-time and worldwide conditions.
China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) is an open platform for academic
exchanges in the field of satellite navigation. It aims to encourage technological
innovation, accelerate GNSS engineering, and boost the development of the
satellite navigation industry in China and in the world.
The 9th China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2018) is held during May
23–25, 2018, Harbin, China. The theme of CSNC2018 is Location, Time of
Augmentation, including technical seminars, academic exchanges, forums, exhi-
bitions, and lectures. The main topics are as followed:
Conference Topics
S1 Satellite Navigation Technology
S2 Navigation and Location Service
S3 Satellite Navigation Signal and Anti-Jamming Technologies
S4 Satellite Orbit and Satellite Clock Error
S5 Precise Positioning Technology
S6 Time–Space Datum and Temporal Frequency Technologies
S7 Satellite Navigation Augmentation Technology
S8 Test and Assessment Technology
S9 User Terminal Technology
S10 Multi-Source Fusion Navigation Technology
S11 PNT New Concept, New Methods and New Technology
S12 Policies and Regulations, Standards and Intellectual Properties
ix
x Preface
The proceedings have 208 papers in twelve topics of the conference, which were
selected through a strict peer-review process from 588 papers presented at
CSNC2018. In addition, another 274 papers were selected as the electronic pro-
ceedings of CSNC2018, which are also indexed by “China Proceedings of
Conferences Full-text Database (CPCD)” of CNKI and Wan Fang Data.
We thank the contribution of each author and extend our gratitude to 279 ref-
erees and 55 session chairmen who are listed as members of editorial board. The
assistance of CNSC2018’s organizing committees and the Springer editorial office
is highly appreciated.
Beijing, China Jiadong Sun

Changfeng Yang
Shuren Guo
Scientific Committee
Chairman
Jiadong Sun, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing,
China
Vice-Chairman
Rongjun Shen, China Satellite Navigation System Committee, Beijing, China
Jisheng Li, China Satellite Navigation System Committee, Beijing, China
Qisheng Sui, China Satellite Navigation System Committee, Beijing, China
Changfeng Yang, China Satellite Navigation System Committee, Beijing, China
Zuhong Li, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China
Shusen Tan, Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing, China
Executive Chairman
Jingnan Liu, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
Yuanxi Yang, China National Administration of GNSS and Applications, Beijing,
China
Shiwei Fan, China Satellite Navigation Engineering Center, Beijing, China
Jun Xie, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China
Committee Members: (By Surnames Stroke Order)
Xiancheng Ding, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Beijing, China
Qingjun Bu, China National Administration of GNSS and Applications, Beijing,
China
Weixing Wan, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China
Liheng Wang, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing,
China
Yuzhu Wang, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai, China
xi
xii Scientific Committee
Guoxiang Ai, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Beijing, China
Shuhua Ye, Shanghai Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shanghai, China
Daren Lv, The Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China
Yongcai Liu, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation, Beijing, China
Zhaowen Zhuang, National University of Defense Technology, Hunan, China
Qifeng Xu, PLA Information Engineering University, Henan, China
Houze Xu, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hubei, China
Tianchu Li, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
Jiancheng Li, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
Guirong Min, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China
Xixiang Zhang, The 29th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology
Group Corporation, Sichuan, China
Lvqian Zhang, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing,
China
Junyong Chen, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and
Geo-information, Beijing, China
Benyao Fan, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China
Dongjin Luo, China People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
Guohong Xia, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation, Beijing, China
Shuren Guo, China Satellite Navigation Engineering Center, Beijing, China
Peikang Huang, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation, Beijing, China
Chong Cao, China Research Institute of Radio Wave Propagation (CETC 22),
Beijing, China
Faren Qi, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, China
Rongsheng Su, China People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
Ziqing Wei, Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Shaanxi, China
Executive Members: (By Surnames Stroke Order)
Qin Zhang, Chang’an University, Shaanxi, China
Yamin Dang, Chinese Academy of Surveying & Mapping, Beijing, China
Xiaochun Lu, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shaanxi, China
Xiaogong Hu, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shanghai, China
Lianshan Gao, The 203th Research Institute of China Aerospace Science
& Industry Corporation, Beijing, China
Junlin Zhang, OLinkStar Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
Scientific Committee xiii
Xiaolin Jia, Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Shaanxi, China

Haibo He, Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing, China
Zhongliang Deng, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing,
China
Junlin Yang, Beihang University, Beijing, China
Organizing Committee
Secretary-General
Haitao Wu, Satellite Navigation Headquarters, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, China
Executive Deputy Secretary-General
Weina Hao, Navigation Headquarters, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,
China
Deputy Secretary-General
Wenhai Jiao, China Satellite Navigation Engineering Center, Beijing, China
Wenjun Zhao, Beijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing, China
Tonghuang Wang, Space Star Aerospace Technology Applications Co., Ltd.,
Heilongjiang, China
Bo Wang, Academic Exchange Center, China Satellite Navigation Office, Beijing,
China
Committee Members: (By Surnames Stroke Order)
Qun Ding, The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group
Guang Yu, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, China
Li Wang, International Cooperation Research Center, China Satellite Navigation
Office, Beijing, China
Chunsheng Wang, Haidian Investment Promotion Bureau, Beijing, China
Ying Liu, China Satellite Navigation Engineering Center, Beijing, China
Wanming Yang, Administrative Committee of Nanjing New & High Technology
Industry Development Zone, Jiangsu, China
Jun Shen, Beijing UniStrong Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
Liquan Song, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, China
xv
xvi Organizing Committee
Lu Chen, Beijing Institute of Space Science and Technology Information,

Beijing, China
Xiuwan Chen, Peking University, Beijing, China
Gang Hu, Beijing Unicore Communications, Inc., Beijing, China
Min Shui, The National Remote Sensing Center of China, Beijing, China
Contents
Part I Test and Assessment Technology

Accuracy Assessment of Broadcast Ephemerides for Quasi-Zenith
Satellite System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Xuying Ma, Chengpan Tang, Xingyu Wang, Chuang Jin and Xiaping Ma
Research on Prediction and Characteristics of Periodic in BDS/GPS
Satellite Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Jie Zheng, Xiangyu Zhu, Meijun Guo, Guang Sun, Xiaolin Jia
and Shuangqin Li
Analysis of the Impact of Small Magnetic Storms on the Evaluation
of Broadcast Ionospheric Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Teng Peng, Xiao Lin Jia and Yue Mao
Design and Analysis of Chain Construction of Navigation
Constellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Canyou Liu, Wei Zhang and Baojun Lan
High-Quality BDS Navigation Signal Simulator Based on GPU
Optimized Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Lei Wang, Xiaomei Tang, Baiyu Li, Yangbo Huang and Feixue Wang
Verification of Receiver Dynamic Measurement Accuracy Based on
Precision Trigger Time Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Haisong Jiao, He Huang, Chong Zhang, Liangjian Jiang, Qingliang Chen,
Feng Li, Dexin Zhang and Li Shui
Research on High-Precision Test Method of the Navigation Satellite
Inner Multipath Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Songtao Huangfu, Bin Liu, Xin Nie, Hailong Xu and Tianxiong Liu
Positioning and Velocity Performance Evaluation of Transponding
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Yuxi Liu, Xiaolin Jia and Rengui Ruan
xvii
xviii Contents
Design of Distributed Test System for Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Xuejia Li, Jianwei Yang and Jiahao Li
The Analysis of GPS/BDS Ionosphere-Weak Combination
SPP Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Yulong Kong, Hongzhou Chai, Zongpeng Pan, Rui Wang and Chunhe Liu
An Investigation on Influence of Navigation Satellites Solar Panels
on the RNSS Signal Propagation and Ranging Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Xin Nie, Jun Xie, Tianxiong Liu, Songtao Huangfu, Shuguo Xie, Tian Jin
and Xiaowei Cui
Research on the Availability Analysis Method of Navigation Satellite
Based on Petri Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Haisheng Li, Heng Zheng, Haitao Zhao and Zixia Zheng
Tracking Performance Assessment of Tiered Code Effect on GNSS
Signal in the Presence of CWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Jianlei Yang, Hongjun Ye, Xiude Chen and Shenying Hui
The Assessment of GNSS Measurements from Android
Smartphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Kaishi Zhang, Fangtan Jiao and Jianwen Li
The Study on BDS Dynamic Positioning Performance Assessment . . . . . 159
Chenghe Fang, Liang Chen, Changjiang Geng, Zhichao Ma and Qi Mao
Research and Analysis of S Curve Bias Evaluation Method
in GNSS Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Hai Sha, Gangqiang Guan, Hongbing Wang and Henglin Chu
Analysis Methods of Linear Distortion Characteristics for GNSS
Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Tao Yan, Ying Wang, Bo Qu, Xiao Liu and Guoyong Wang
The Discussion on Local Optimization of Navigation Constellation
Based on STK/MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Jiangyan Sun, Caibo Hu, Yueyue Li and Lianqing Lin
Orbits Quality and PPP Application for Galileo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Guofeng Ji, Hang Chang, Zhiqiang Yang, Xiaolin Jia and Liang Zhang
Research on the Detection Technology Based on INSGNSS
for the Dynamic Positioning Performance of Satellite
Navigation Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Pengfei Zhao, Shuguo Pan, Fei Ye, Xueyong Lin, Jie Zhang
and Xiang Cao
Accuracy Analysis of NavIC Pseudo Range Point Positioning . . . . . . . . 231
Liang Zhang, Pengfei Sun, Haichun Wang, Miaomiao Liu and Ding Li
Contents xix
Availability Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Navigation System

Based on Integration of PDOP and Reliability Maintainability
Supportability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Zhuopeng Yang, Yujun Gou, Yanhua Zhu and Heng Zheng
Beidou Receiver IFB Calculation and Stability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Yongxing Zhu, Laiping Feng, Xiaolin Jia, Yuxi Liu and Xianqiang Cui
Part II User Terminal Technology

Research on Miniaturized Receiving Antenna
for Satellite Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Haiguang Zhang, Jia Zhang and Kui Xu
Main Beam Pointing and Null Constraint Optimization for Satellite
Navigation Nulling Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Rong Shi
A Novel Multipath Mitigation Method Based on Fast Orthogonal
Search (FOS) for Short-Delay Multipath with Zero Doppler Shift
Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Jun Mo, Zhongliang Deng, Buyun Jia, Xinmei Bian, Wen Liu
and Yuan Sun
Design of Spaceborne GNSS-R Receiver Based on Multi-channel Main
Frequency Parallel Rotation Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Xingyuan Han, Yanguang Wang, Lin Han, Bo Qu and Longlong Li
Research of GNSS Spoofer Localization Using Information Fusion
Based on Particle Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Shunshun Shang, Hong Li and Mingquan Lu
Implementation of a Dual Estimate Tracking Based Multipath
Mitigation Method on a Software Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Chuhan Wang, Yang Gao, Xiaowei Cui and Mingquan Lu
BDS-3 Spaceborne Receiver Design Applying to Space
Service Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Chen Zhou, Shuren Guo, Yinan Meng, Dingxi Xiong and Chengeng Su
A Low Complexity Algorithm for Code Doppler Compensation
Using FFT-Based Parallel Acquisition Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Ping Tang, Xiangming Li, Shuai Wang and Ke Wang
Non-binary LDPC APP-Based Decoding for BDS
Navigation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Jiaju Song
xx Contents
An Improved RAIM Algorithm and Hatch-Type Filter Smoothing

Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Si-long Luo, Li Wang, Rui Tu, Ya-bing Zhang and Wei-qi Zhang
The Performance Assessment on Lunar Navigation for GNSS . . . . . . . . 387
Bo Qu, Tao Yan, Xingyuan Han, Yanguang Wang, Longlong Li
and Yansong Meng
The Development of Real-Time Vector Receiver on Hardware
Platform and the Assessment of Anti-spoofing Capability . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Xinran Zhang, Hong Li, Chun Yang, Li He and Mingquan Lu
Applying Probabilistic Graphical Models in a GNSS Software
Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Xin Zhang, Lingxiao Zheng and Xingqun Zhan
GNSS Spoofing Mitigation Method After Despreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Zhenglin Geng, Yangbo Huang, Huaming Chen and Feixue Wang
Design of Tracking Loop for Single Antenna Satellite Navigation
Receivers Under the Situation of Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Dan Song, Shengqun Geng, Zhigang Huang and Shuaiyong Zheng
A Stable DOA Tracking Method Using FDPM and
Kalman Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Gangqiang Guan, Deyong Xian, Zhou Yi and Weihua Xie
GNSS Spoofing Detection with Single Moving Antenna Based
on the Correlation of Satellite Transmit Time Residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Zhiyuan Chen, Hong Li and Mingquan Lu
The Divergence Analysis of Kalman Filter Phase Lock Loop and
Unbiased Correction of Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Liwei Zhang, Dongqing Zhao, Shaolei Peng, Caijie Zhu and Zhongpan Li
A Method of Carrier Phase Multipath Mitigation Based
on Punctual Code Correlation Reference Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Chunjiang Ma, Xiaomei Tang, Yingxiang Liu, Zhibin Xiao
and Guangfu Sun
Part III Multi-source Fusion Navigation Technology

Maximum Correntropy Criterion Based Robust Kalman Filter . . . . . . . 491
Liansheng Wang, XingWei Gao and Lijian Yin
Gradient Boost Decision Tree Fingerprint Algorithm for Wi-Fi
Localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Yanxu Liu, Zhongliang Deng and Lu Yin
Contents xxi
The Geomagnetic Filtering Algorithm Based on Correlative

Probability Density Add-Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Yang Chong, Hongzhou Chai, Wei Liu, Yulong Kong, Zongpeng Pan
and Jie Chen
INS-Aided Single-Frequency Cycle-Slip Detection for Real-Time
Kinematic GNSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Lingxuan Wang, Yu Gan, Erhu Wei, Lifen Sui and Xuexi Liu
Research on Geomagnetic Matching Localization for Pedestrian . . . . . . 537
Peiwen Gong, Dongyan Wei, Xinchun Ji, Wen Li and Hong Yuan
A Low Complexity Gaussian Parametric Message Passing Based
Cooperative Localization Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Yangyang Liu and Baowang Lian
Effective Multipath Mitigation Methods for RTK in Urban
Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Kai-qin Lin, Zhong-liang Deng and Lu Yin
A Frequency Estimation Method for Improving Acquisition Accuracy
of TC-OFDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Zhongliang Deng, Yin Yang, Jun Mo, Wenxuan Song, Xinmei Bian
and Zongshan Tang
Ray-Tracing Aided Indoor Bayesian Positioning Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . 589
Hanhua Wang, Zhongliang Deng, Xiao Fu and Jing Li
Sensor Synchronization for Android Phone Tightly-Coupled
Visual-Inertial SLAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Zheyu Feng, Jianwen Li and Taogao Dai
A Low-Cost GNSS/INS Attitude and Position Determination System
with Ultra-Short Baseline for SATCOM On-The-Move Terminals . . . . . 613
Peirong Fan, Wenyi Li, Xiaowei Cui and Mingquan Lu
Implementation of Mixed Sequential Kalman Filters for Vision-Aided
GNSS/INS Integrated Navigation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Shanhui Mo, Zebo Zhou, Shuang Du, Changgan Xiang,
Changhong Kuang and Jin Wu
Real-Time Dead Reckoning and Mapping Approach Based
on Three-Dimensional Point Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Shuaixin Li, Guangyun Li, Yanglin Zhou, Li Wang and Jingyang Fu
Method of Smartphone Navigation Heading Compensation
Based on Gravimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Shijie Zeng, Qinghua Zeng, Qian Meng, Jianye Liu and Ruizhi Chen
xxii Contents
Research on Robust PDR Algorithm Based on Smart Phone . . . . . . . . . 673

Jian Kuan, Xingeng Chen and XiaoJi Niu
Research on Aircraft Landing Based on GNSS/INS/Photogrammetry
Integration Using Multi-rate Extended Kalman Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Pengjin Zhou, Zhiwei Lv, Dianwei Cong, Zhengyang Jia and Yangjun Gao
Wi-Fi Assisted GNSS Positioning and Continuous Tracking . . . . . . . . . 701
Changsheng Liu, Xiukui Li and Xiaoyan Liu
An EMD—Based Fast Algorithm for INS Aided BDS Ambiguity
Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
Junbing Cheng, Dengao Li, Wenjing Li and Jumin Zhao
Floor Recognition Based on SVM for WiFi Indoor Positioning . . . . . . . 725
Shuai Zhang, Jiming Guo, Wei Wang and Jiyuan Hu
Accuracy Analysis of Spaceborne Heterologous Multi-view Stereo
Positioning with SAR Image Substitute of CCD Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
Ying-ying Li, Hao Wu, En Long, Xueli Chang and Zhixin Li
The PDR System Based on Improved QSF+ Map
Matching Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753
Wenchao Zhang, Dongyan Wei, Peiwen Gong and Hong Yuan
Part IV PNT New Concept, New Methods and New Technology

Preliminary Study on Index Parameters of National Integrated
PNT System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767
Qingjun Liu and Xiangjun Wu
Optimization of Power Allocation Based on Particle Swarm
Optimization in Wireless Location Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
Jinrui Lin, Guangxia Li, Shiwei Tian and Longlong Suo
Error Compensation of Geomagnetic Field Measurement Used in
Geomagnetic Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
Binfeng Yang, Chi Li, Junmin Xu and Huan Sun
Research on Barometric Altimeter Assisting GNSS Navigation for
Urban Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
Han Guo, Dongyan Wei, Guangzhou Ouyang and Qifeng Lai
Simulation on the Qualitative Relationship Between Carrier
Movement and Eddy Current Interfering Magnetic Field in
Geomagnetic Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
Chi Li, Binfeng Yang, Junmin Xu and Huan Sun
Contents xxiii
Further Analysis on Cramer-Rao Bound for Cooperative

Positioning Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
Siming Li, Jing Lv, Shiwei Tian, Longlong Suo and Yaning Liu
Research on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Algorithm
Based on Monocular Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
Han Zhang, Baowang Lian and Hu Lu
Geomagnetism Sensing and Calibration Systems of LING QIAO
Satellite: Results Over Three Years of In-Orbit Operation . . . . . . . . . . 847
Xi Chen, Chenggong Zheng and Jin Jin
Research on Acoustic Velocity Correction Algorithm in Underwater
Acoustic Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859
Bingsheng Zhang, Tianhe Xu and Ruru Gao
Digital Beamforming Correction Algorithm Under the Matching
Error of Space-Frequency Steering Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
Chao Ren and Yongxiang Zheng
Analysis and Selection of Global Marine Gravity/Gravity Gradient
Aided Navigation Matching Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887
Lin Wu, Hubiao Wang, Hua Chai, Lu Zhang, Houtse Hsu and Yong Wang
Building the Crab Pulsar Timing Model with
XPNAV-1 Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897
Hai-feng Sun, Jian-yu Su, Liang Zhao, Zhi-wei Liu and Hai-yan Fang
Spatial Coordinate Autonomous Establishment Technique
for High-Precision Local Positioning System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
Zhen Wu, Zheng Yao and Mingquan Lu
Part I
Test and Assessment Technology
Accuracy Assessment of Broadcast
Ephemerides for Quasi-Zenith Satellite
System
Xuying Ma, Chengpan Tang, Xingyu Wang, Chuang Jin

and Xiaping Ma
Abstract In this paper, we presented a method for assessing the broadcast ephe-
merides accuracy of QZSS by comparing the measured broadcast ephemerides with
precise orbit and clock products provided by MGEX. By using this method, we
carried out assessment of broadcast ephemerides for QZS-1 satellite and also
compared the results with that of GPS system during the same data collection
duration. The results show that: the broadcast ephemerides of QZSS can achieve an
orbit accuracy of 0.42, 1.33 and 0.89 m in the direction of radial, along-track and
cross-track and a clock accuracy of 1.87 ns respectively; the SISRE-orb and
SISRE-orb&clk can achieve accuracies of 0.48 and 0.55 m respectively; currently
the accuracy of broadcast ephemerides of QZSS still lags behind that of GPS
system. The results presented in this paper may provide some reference information
for multi-GNSS application in the near future.

Keywords QZSS Broadcast ephemerides Precise products Accuracy analysis
X. Ma (&) C. Jin
University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
e-mail: maxuying10086@163.com
C. Jin
e-mail: cjin987@aucklanduni.ac.nz
C. Tang
Shanghai Astronomy Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science,
No. 8 NanDan Road, 200030 Shanghai, China
e-mail: cptang@shao.ac.cn
X. Wang
Xi’an SiYuan University, No. 28 ShuiAn Road, 710038 Xi’an, China
e-mail: 809914450@qq.com
X. Ma
Xi’an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 YanTa Road,
710054 Xi’an, China
e-mail: celiang0321@163.com
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 3

J. Sun et al. (eds.), China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2018
Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 499,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0029-5_1
4 X. Ma et al.
1 Introduction
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) has been widely used in many fields of
research study and industry [1]. More and more countries begin to launch their own
global or regional navigation systems with realizing its great potential in the future.
Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) is the latest regional satellite navigation and
augmentation system launched by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
[2]. The original intention of launching QZSS is to build a regional system covering
Japan and its surrounding area, which it could provide users with not only better
usability but also augmentation service of multi-GNSS [3]. Therefore, QZSS has a
high level of compatibility and interoperability with GPS and other GNSS systems
[4]. Currently, there are four Quasi-Zenith satellites (QZS) in orbit. However, there
was only one satellite providing formal service at the time of writing down this
paper. This first satellite QZS-1 ‘Michibiki’ was launched on 11th Sep, 2010; its
PRN is 193 and shown as J01 in RINEX observation file [5]. The accuracy of
broadcast ephemeris is a key factor influencing the performance of a navigation
system since currently most real-time navigation and positioning services are based
on information transmitted by broadcast ephemeris. Although on current stage
QZSS still cannot provide stand-alone navigation and positioning service, its good
compatibility and interoperability has created a golden opportunity for multi-GNSS
applications. Assessing and knowing the accuracy of QZSS’s broadcast ephemeris
would lay a solid foundation for further multi-GNSS combination in the near future.
There are just handful documents about the topic of QZSS’s broadcast ephemeris
accuracy as this system is still under construction. Kishimoto et al. assessed the
accuracy of broadcast ephemeris of QZS-1 by using data of seven months from Jun,
2011 to Jan, 2012 and got a conclusion that the SISRE (Signal-In-Space Range
Error) of QZSS was about 0.4 m. However, the method of assessment and pro-
cedure details were not given in this paper [6]. Wang and Kuang assessed the
accuracy of LEX augmentation products of QZS-1 based on the precise ephemeris
of JAXA and made a conclusion that the accuracy of LEX real-time orbit and clock
products are better than 11 cm and 0.56 ns respectively. However, the accuracy of
broadcast ephemeris of QZS-1 is not analysed in this paper [7]. In this contribution,
first, the orbital period of satellite QZS-1 is analysed using measured QZSS data of
broadcast ephemeris; and then, assessment of the accuracy of QZS-1’s broadcast
ephemeris is carried out using the precise orbit and clock products from MGEX as a
reference. The results of QZSS are compared with that of GPS system during the
same data collection duration. The result of this study could give some useful
information for future multi-GNSS applications.
Accuracy Assessment of Broadcast Ephemerides … 5
2 Methodology
2.1 Satellite orbital period
According to Kepler’s law of motion of satellite orbit, the orbital period of one
satellite can be calculated if satellite orbit parameters of major semi-axis and mean
angular velocity are already known. These parameters are exactly contained in
broadcast ephemeris message, therefore, the orbital period of one satellite can be
calculated as the following formulas with broadcast ephemeris information [8]:
( pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 3
n ¼ G M =a2 þ Dn
ð1Þ
T0 ¼2p=n
In formula (1), Dn represents the correction of mean angular velocity; G rep-

resents the gravitational constant; M represents the mass of the earth; and
G M ¼ 398; 600:4418 109 m3 =s2 ; a represents the square root of major
semi-axis; T0 represents the time of orbiting around the earth of a satellite; TR
represents the orbital period of the satellite.
2.2 The Calculation Method of SISRE
The SISRE (Signal-In-Space Range Error) is a value that it reflects the influence of
the accuracy of broadcast ephemeris orbit and clock products on the precision of
pseudo range measurements [9]. In general, the accuracy of SISRE is affected by
factors from both space and control segments such as orbit motion, clock stability
of satellite, precision of orbit determination, the quality of uploading information,
and the distribution of monitoring stations. Therefore, SISRE is a vital index for
estimating the performance of one GNSS system. Currently, the constellation of
QZSS consists of three IGSO satellites and one GEO satellite. According to formula
derivation processes presented in Refs. [9, 10], the SISRE of QZS-1 can be
expressed as [10]:
8 rffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
>
> 1
> 2
< SISREðorbÞ ¼ ½0:99 RMSðdRÞ þ 126 ½RMS ðdAÞ þ RMS ðdCÞ
2 2
> rffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
>
> 1
: SISRE ¼ RMS2 ð0:99 dR Dc dTÞ þ ½RMS2 ðdAÞ þ RMS2 ðdCÞ
126
ð2Þ
6 X. Ma et al.
In formula (2), SISREðorbÞ represents the SISRE just considering the influence
of broadcast ephemeris orbit error; SISRE represents the situation considering the
influence of both broadcast ephemeris orbit and clock errors. dR, dA and dC rep-
resent orbit errors in the directions of radial, along-track and cross-track respec-
tively. Dc dT denotes the clock error correction of broadcast ephemeris.
2.3 Important Notes in Data Processing
The compatibility of orbit and clock products between broadcast ephemeris and
precise ephemeris should be considered while doing a comparison. This section will
discuss this issue from aspects of coordinate reference systems, time systems, and
relative error corrections.
The coordinate reference system of QZSS is called JGS (Japan satellite navi-
gation Geodetic System) [2]. The difference within coordinate reference system
between JGS and WGS-84 of GPS is less than 2 cm. The precise ephemeris of
QZSS provided by JAXA takes the ITRF08 as its coordinate reference frame which
its difference between JGS or WGS-84 is at the level of several centimetre. On
current stage, the accuracy of broadcast ephemeris for each GNSS system is about
meter level. We can just ignore the difference of coordinate reference while doing
comparisons between the broadcast ephemeris and the precise ephemeris since their
difference is about two orders of magnitude [11].
The time system of QZSS is called QZSST, which its one second span is the
same as the International Atomic Time TAI. QZSST lags behind TAI by 19 s,
which is the same with that of GPST. In the aspect of interface with GPST, the
satellite borne atomic clock of QZSS is controlled by GPST, which is the same with
that of GPS [2].
The difference of satellite reference centre for different orbit products should be
considered while doing a comparison between broadcast ephemeris and precise
ephemeris. The precise ephemeris of QZSS calculated by JAXA from the MGEX is
based on a satellite reference centre of CoM (Center-of-Mass); while satellite
positions in the broadcast ephemeris of QZSS is calculated based on a satellite
reference centre of APC (Antenna Phase Center). Therefore, this fact also raises an
issue of antenna phase center correction. A set of antenna phase center correction
parameters are needed to transfer the satellite positions from precise ephemeris into
a reference frame of APC to match the standard of broadcast ephemeris. According
to parameters provided on the website of MGEX, the antenna phase center offsets of
QZS-1 in the direction of x, y and z are 0.00, 0.00 and +3.50 m respectively [9].
Similar to satellite orbit, the time reference difference of two clock products
should also be considered while doing a comparison of clock parameters between
broadcast ephemeris and precise ephemeris. The time references used in broadcast
ephemeris and precise ephemeris are different; moreover, the bias arisen from the
difference of two time references is much larger than the precision of clock itself.
Therefore, this bias must be dealt with before further comparison and analysis of
Accuracy Assessment of Broadcast Ephemerides … 7
different clock products. For general navigation constellation, this bias affects each
satellite in one constellation in the same way and can be treated as a systematic bias.
Usually, this bias can be mitigated by applying the following method: first, an
ensemble clock bias is calculated at each epoch by averaging results of ‘broadcast
ephemeris clock—precise ephemeris clock’ from all satellites in the constellation;
and then, each satellite clock is corrected by this ensemble clock bias [9]. However,
this common method cannot be applied to QZSS as there is only one single satellite
providing formal service in its constellation. In this study, a method of averaging
the long-term time series of ‘broadcast ephemeris clock—precise ephemeris clock’
is used to calculate the ensemble clock bias. For instance, one month data is used to
calculate a monthly ensemble clock bias; and then, corrected clock at each epoch
can be calculated by subtracting the ensemble clock bias.
3 Data Collection
The website of MGEX can provide both broadcast and precise ephemeris of QZSS.
The interval of each broadcast message is 15 min; that means a total of 96 epochs each
day. The precise ephemeris provided by MGEX is generated by JAXA. In order to
assess the broadcast ephemeris accuracy of QZSS, 8 weeks data of broadcast ephe-
meris from 21st Oct, 2016 to 15th Dec, 2016 (doy295–doy350) was downloaded; at
the mean while, precise ephemeris data of the same duration was also downloaded.
4 Assessment and Analysis Results
First, the orbital period of satellite orbit of QZS-1 is calculated based on the data of
broadcast ephemeris from doy29 to doy350 according to formula (1). The interval of
each broadcast message is 15 min, so there are 96 epochs of orbital period results per
24 h. Figure 1 shows the time series of 5472 epochs orbital period results of QZS-1
from doy295 to doy350. According to statistics, the average orbital period of satellite
QZS-1 during this period is about 86152 s, which it is quite close to the average repeat
time of satellite orbit of GPS system (85154 s) released in Ref. [13] by Agnew and
Larson. The consistency of these two results also proves the high level of compati-
bility and interoperability between GPS and QZSS from the aspect of the orbit period.
For instance, there is no need to consider the orbit period difference between GPS and
QZSS while applying combined sidereal filtering (SF) algorithm because of the
excellent compatibility. Figure 1 also indicates that the time series of orbital period
results of QZS-1 have an obvious periodic characteristic. Within one day, there is a
short periodic trend of first increased and then decreased; within a long term of two
weeks, there is a long periodic trend of first increased and then decreased. In addition,
the value of orbital period of satellite QZS-1 increases gradually as time goes on;
this characteristic is slightly different with that of GPS system.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
rescue, and had not the Horse Guards opportunely fell in upon them, as they lay
battering before my house, it had not been in my power to have prevented a further
mischief.” (Letter from Humphrey Weld to the Earl of Craven in Calendar of State
Papers, Domestic, 1671, pp. 241–2).
478. Historical MSS. Commission, Duke of Portland’s MSS., Report XIII.,
App. 1, 683.
479. He was certainly there in April of that year. “Letter for the French
Ambassador brought by a sea captain enclosed to Humphrey Wield, at his house in
Wield Street, London.” (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1673, p. 166).
480. For example: (i) 10 March 1676–7. Information of William Herriot that
“at Nieuport he met Captains Douglas and Ennys, who desired him to make his
address to the Spanish Ambassador at London, who lived at Wild House.”
(Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1677–8, p. 14); (ii.) 29 March, 1679. Lord
Clarendon reports that “in Mr. Weld’s garden in a grotto are 27 chests of goods....
Mr. Bedloe present said they belonged to Don Pedro de Ronquillio who was
present at the search and would not admit to have the letters perused.” (Historical
MSS. Commission, House of Lords MSS., App. to 11th Report, Part II., pp. 126–7);
(iii.) 26 April, 1681. Evelyn records his visit to “Don Pietro Ronquillio’s, the
Spanish Ambassador, at Wild House”; (iv.) 9th September, 1686. “The Spanish
Ambassador made a bonfire at Wild House last night and brought out wine for the
mob, but the rabble overthrew the bonfires, broke the cask of wine and broke the
windows, and pulled down some of the brick wall.” (Historical MSS. Commission,
Duke of Portland’s MSS., III., p. 397).
481. See Petition and Appeal of Ralph Lister, MSS. of House of Lords, New
Series, IV., pp. 274–5.
482. 21st December, 1693. “The Spanish Ambassador has taken a house in the
Old Spring Garden, where the Duke of Norfolk lately lived, and has, in a manner,
fitted up his chapel. Notice was sent to his Excellency that for some reasons a
Romish chapel could not be permitted within the verge of the Court, so he is
removing back to Weld House.” (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1693, p.
433).
“Weld House is to be Lett, containing 33 Rooms, Garrets and Cellars, with
other suitable conveniences, in Weld Street near L.I. Fields. Enquire at Weld
House, or at Marybone House.” (London Gazette, Sep. 13–17, 1694).
483. Reproduced here.
484. Indenture between Isaac Foxcroft and others and Hugh Jones (in
possession of the London County Council).
486. Close Roll, 5 Chas. I. (2800)—Indenture between Richard Holford and
Sir Edward Stradling, reciting the earlier indenture.
487. See p. 93.
488. Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 465–184. Plea of John Corrance.
490. Middlesex Feet of Fines, 32 Eliz., Hilary.
491. Ibid., 21 Jas. I., Easter.
492. Recited in Indenture between Matthew Francis and Symond Harborne,
in the possession of the London County Council.
493. Lease by the Rt. Hon. Lord Cary to William Loringe, in the possession of
the London County Council.
494. See p. 112.
495. Katherine Clifton, only daughter and heiress of Gervase, Lord Clifton of
Leighton Bromswold.
496. Calendar State Papers, Domestic, 1623–5, p. 488; 1627–8, p. 10; 1628–
9, p. 359; 1629–31, p. 38.
497. Ibid., 1628–9, p. 369.
498. Somerset House Wills, Harvey, 6 (Proved 15th January, 1638–9).
499. Lady Elizabeth Cust’s The Brownlows of Belton (Records of the Cust
Family Series), II., p. 61.
500. This is not quite certain, but there does not seem much doubt that the
entry refers to Lennox House.
501. The two portions were subsequently assessed for the Hearth Tax at 26
and 11 hearths respectively. The whole house was therefore comparable in size with
Bristol House, assessed at 40 hearths.
502. The Countess of Dysart writes from “Lady Allington’s house, Drury
Lane,” on 22nd August, 1667 (Calendar State Papers, Domestic, 1667, p. 409), and
in November, 1668 or 1669, Lord Allington refers to his mother’s house in Drury
Lane (Ibid., 1668–9, p. 55). Lady Allington was succeeded in this house by Lady
Ivey (Hearth Tax Roll for 1675).
503. Somerset House Wills, Batt, 136. (Proved, with 39 codicils, 28th June,
1680).
504. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1716, III., 24.
505. Parton states that Brownlow Street appears in the parish books in 1685.
506. Indenture of 28th April, 1722, between Gilbert Umfreville and Chas.
Umfreville and Ric. Baker (Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1722, VI., 85).
507. See p. 105.
508. Grey’s St. Giles’s of the Lepers, pp. 114–5.
510. See p. 103.
511. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 125.
512. The ratebooks from 1730 (earliest extant) to 1746 show “Daniel Hahn,”
possibly a more correct form of the name, at this house.
513. Indenture dated 27th May, 1728, between Peter Walter and Nicholas
Lovell (Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1728, VI., 15).
514. Grey’s St. Giles’s of the Lepers, p. 116.
516. Close Roll, 12 William III. (4863)—Indenture between (1) Mary
Rawlinson, (2) Giles Powell and (3) Jeremiah Ridge.
517. See p. 109.
518. See p. 112.
519. Privy Council Register, Vol. 29, p. 424.
520. Calendar State Papers, Domestic, 1611–18, p. 551.
521. Ibid., p. 555.
524. It is just possible that a later reference to the spring is to be found in the
petition dated 7th July, 1637, of the inhabitants of the Old Town of St. Giles,
“complayning of ye stopping up of a fair large and open well in ye said towne; being
of great use and comfort to ye peters who now find ye want thereof in these times of
contagion, ye same being continued to bee stopped up as aforesaid, by ye now
landlord Frauncis Garrett.” (Privy Council Register, Vol. 48, p. 105).
526. Close Roll, 9 Eliz. (742).
527. Close Roll, 24 Eliz. (1129)—Indenture between Jas. Briscowe, Joan his
wife and John Wise and Jas. Mascall.
528. Close Roll, 11 Chas. I. (3057).—Indenture between Thos. and Olive
Godman and Francis and Frances Gerard.
529. Property on the east side of Drury Lane and on the north side of Broad
Street is mixed up with this, and it is not possible entirely to separate them.
530. “... abutting east on a court called Ragged Staffe Court (which court was
heretofore in the possession of John Vavasour.” (Close Roll, 12 William III. (4863)
—Indenture between Mary Rawlinson, etc., cited above).
531. Parton’s statement that the two were identical (Hospital and Parish of St.
Giles, p. 127) is incorrect. The Hearth Tax Rolls mention both, and both are clearly
shown in the map accompanying Strype’s edition of Stow (Plate 5).
532. He died in 1585 (Inquisitiones Post Mortem, Series II., Vol. 208 (173).)
533. John Vavasour’s will (Somerset House Wills, Winderbanck, 65), was
proved on 18th June, 1608.
534. Close Roll, 9 Eliz., (749).
535. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1723, V., 181–2.
536. On 16th January, 1717–8, Edward Theedham leased to Chas. Hall and
Ant. Elmes The Bear Brewhouse, in St. Giles (Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1717,
IV., 263).
537. Ancient tavern signs were nearly always “on the hoop,” which seems to
have originated “in the highly ornamented bush or crown, which latterly was made
of hoops covered with evergreens.” (Larwood and Hotton, History of Signboards,
p. 504.)
538. Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 237.
539. Close Roll, 31 Chas. II. (4527).
540. Sewer Rate Book for that year.
543. On 27th March, 1573, Henry Amptill and Roger Mascall, brewers, were
convicted of having set at large certain suspected persons, whom William Westone,
a “hedborowe” of St. Giles, had taken in a certain tenement of the said Henry
Amptill and had imprisoned. (Middlesex County Records, Sessions Rolls, I., p. 82).
544. In 1621, John Ampthill was granted leave to alienate 5 messuages, 11
cottages and 4 gardens to Anne, Robert, James and Thomas Foote (Patent Roll, 19
Jas. I. (2263)); in 1614 he sold 3 houses to Richard Windell (Middlesex Feet of
Fines, 12 Jas I., Mich.), whose grandson in 1630 parted with them to Abraham
Hawkins (Close Roll, 6 Chas. I. (2823)); and in 1625 he obtained leave to alienate
14 messauges to John and Abraham Hawkins. On the death of Abraham in 1645,
he was still in possession of 14 messuages in St. Giles (Inquisitiones Post Mortem,
2nd Series, 707 (41).)
545. The Hawkins property seems to have descended to Sir William Dawes,
Archbishop of York, whose mother was Jane Hawkins. By a deed of 1726
(Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1726, IV., 389) Jane Lewis sold the remainder of
a lease granted by Sir William, and comprising inter alia a house which by
reference to the ratebooks can be shown to be the second westwards from Lamb
Alley.
546. Close Roll, 7 Chas. I. (2895).
547. Close Roll, 1655 (3866).
548. On 3rd December, 1603, William Barber, of St. Giles, gardener, was
convicted, with others, of throwing filth and dung near the highway in a certain
close called “Blumsberrie fieldes.” (Middlesex County Records, Sessions Rolls, II.,
p. 4).
549. Middlesex Feet of Fines, 32 Eliz., Easter.
551. Sale by Arthur Blythe to William Wigg and Thomas Whitfield, in trust for
John Smallbone, dated 1680, and quoted by Parton (op. cit.) p. 126.
552. See p. 106.
554. Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 113. Newlands was actually in the
parish of St. Marylebone (see p. 125).
555. Blemundsbury, p. 308.
556. “Maslyn’s Pond” and “Maslyn Fields” are mentioned in the parish books
in 1644 and 1656 (Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, pp. 270–1).
557. See p. 101.
558. See Sale by Arthur Blythe to Wigg and Whitfield, quoted by Parton
(Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 126).
559. Kingsford’s edition, II., p. 91.
561. See p. 123. The Close had a reputed area of 10 acres (See e.g., Rents of
Henry VIII. in London and the Suburbs, 35 Henry VIII. (Rentals and Surveys,
General Series), Roll 452).
562. Parliamentary Survey (Augmentation Office), Middlesex, 24.
563. I.e., the field called Long Acre or Elm Field, lying between Castle Street
and the street called Long Acre.
564. Obviously a mistake for “south”; Castle Street is the thoroughfare meant.
565. Monmouth Street, now Shaftesbury Avenue, and West Street.
566. I.e., The Bowl property, see p. 110.
567. Sir John Brownlow. The same variation occurs in the Hearth Tax Rolls.
568. Close Roll, 2 Geo. II. (5363).
569. Endowed Charities, County of London, Vol. V., p. 946.
570. Patent Roll, 24 Charles II. (3137).
571. The existence of a “Tower Street” between King Street and White Lion
Street is impossible. A portion of the close was in 1690 used as a laystall (Calendar
of State Papers, Domestic, 1689–90, p. 389).
572. Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 36–47. Suit of Jas. Kendricke.
573. Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 614–105. Suit of William Jennens.
574. There are records inter alia of (a) four houses built in Great St. Andrew
Street, between Michaelmas, 1693, and August, 1694 (Middlesex Registry
Memorials, 1734, V., 266), and (b) houses built in Monmouth Street and Little Earl
Street in July, 1693, and October, 1694 (Chancery Decree Roll, 1933. Suit of
William Lloyd).
575. The leases of many of the houses erected on the south-west of the close do
not seem to have been granted before 1708–9.
576. Notes and Queries, 11th Series, VIII., pp. 182–3.
577. The plan is probably a little later than 1691 (the date assigned to it), for,
as has been shown, Neale did not obtain his lease until 1693.
578. Wheatley and Cunningham’s London Past and Present, III., p. 234.
580. Recited in Indenture of 25th October, 1728, between Jas. Joye (1), Oliver
Martin and Thos. Russell (2) and Rev. Thos. Blackwell (3) (Close Roll, 2 Geo. II.
(5364)).
581. Much of the above information is taken from Emily Dibdin’s Seven Dials
Mission: the story of the old Huguenot Church of All Saints, West Street.
583. It should be mentioned, however, that in a petition, probably belonging
to the year 1354, the Mayor and Commonalty of London claimed that the Hospital
had been founded by a citizen of London suffering from leprosy. (Calendar of
Letterbooks of the City of London, Letterbook G., p. 27).
584. Parton (History of the Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, p.
1) and, following him, Dugdale (Monasticon VII., p. 635) give the date of the
Hospital’s foundation as 1101. This is certainly wrong. Parton’s authority was an
entry in Leland’s Collectanea, I., p. 418 (2nd edn.), which under the date 1101
mentions several events, (i.) Henry’s marriage with Maud, (ii.) his appointment of
a military guard for his brother Robert who was in prison, (iii.) Maud’s foundation
of the Hospital of St. Giles. The next entry is dated 1109. The date 1101 is obviously
only intended to cover (i.) (which took place strictly speaking in 1100), for Robert
was not taken prisoner until the battle of Tinchebray in 1106. The passage
therefore would seem to suggest a date between 1106 and 1109 for the foundation
of St. Giles.
585. Survey of London (Kingsford’s edn.), II., p. 90.
586. Historia Anglicana, p. 176b.
587. Parton in his transcription of the document reads “forty” throughout, and
has been copied by everybody. It is, however, clearly “quatuordecim” in all cases.
588. Ancient Petitions, E. 617.
589. Ancient Petitions, E. 617; 2448.
590. Calendar of Letterbooks of the City of London, Letterbook G., p. 28.
591. Ibid., p. 29.
592. I.e., 27 Edw. I. (Calendar of Patent Rolls, p. 404). It has been generally
assumed that the date was 1354, i.e., 27 Edw. III., no doubt because Parton
(Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, pp. 23, 26) when translating the document
relating to the suit between the Abbot of St. Mary Graces and the Master of Burton
Lazars gave the name of the King as Edward the son of Edward, whereas the
reading is clearly “Edward the son of Henry.”
593. It really extended somewhat to the west of the eastern side of the modern
road, which has been formed by widening the ancient Hog Lane.
594. Close Roll, 16 James I. (2384).—Indenture, dated 19 March, 1617–8,
between Robert Lloyd and Isaac Bringhurst.
595. See p. 124.
596. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, 3 Edward VI. (89).
597. Close Roll, 8 Elizabeth (722).
598. Close Roll, 8 James I. (2066)—Indenture, dated 20th February, 1610–11,
between John Graunge and Robert Lloyd.
599. A sixth was sold in 1622 by John and William Flood to Zachery Bethel,
lying to the south of Sir Edward Fisher’s house, but this seems to have only
recently been built on land taken out of the four acres (see p. 122).
600. Close Roll, 16 James I. (2384).
601. The reversion was then sold to Francis Ashburnham (Close Roll, 5
Charles I. (2800)—Indenture, dated 1st March, 1628–9, between John Stafey and
Isaac Bringhurst and The Worshipful Francis Ashburnham).
602. Endowed Charities (County of London), Vol. III. (1900), p. 348.
603. Close Roll, 10 James I. (2123)—Indenture between Robert Floyd and
William Holt and John Harman.
604. Close Roll, 1652 (3683)—Indenture between John Hooker and Walter
Bigg.
605. Letter dated 5th May, 1677, from Philip, Lord Wharton to Sir R. Verney
(Historical MSS. Commission, Verney MSS., App. to VII. Report, p. 469).
606. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, p. 117.
607. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1727, VI., 138.
608. Close Roll, 16 James I. (2384)—Indenture between Robert Lloyd and
Isaac Bringhurst.
610. Close Roll, 7 Charles I. (2895)—Indenture between Anne Bringhurst and
John Stafey and the Lady Alice Dudley.
611. Close Roll, 10 Charles I. (3017).
612. Chancery Proceedings, Bridges, 455–66.—Suit of John Boswell.
613. The boundaries are given as (E) tenement now in occupation of Nicholas
Holden; (W) churchyard; (N) Kilburn to Holborn Highway; (S) orchard of Nicholas
Holden (Close Roll, 9 Elizabeth (742)—Indenture between Lord Mountjoy and
Percival Rowland).
614. The boundaries are given as: (S) highway from St. Giles to Knightsbridge;
(W) a tenement late of Rowland Percival, and a close of John Graunge; (N)
highway through St. Giles to Uxbridge (Close Roll, 11 Elizabeth (797)—Indenture
between Lord Mountjoy and Edward Kyngston).
615. See p. 125.
616. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, Vol. 139 (134).
617. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, Vol. 384 (139).
618. Recovery Roll, 21 James I. Trinity.—Indenture between John and
William Flood, and Zachery Bethel.
619. Somerset House Wills, Gee, 159.
620. Patent Roll, 23 Charles II. (3125).
621. Augmentation Office, Deed of Sale, E. 19. The Master of Burton Lazars
apparently lost by the transaction, but from a letter, dated 1st April, 1535, written
by Richard Layton to Cromwell, it would seem that at one time there was a distinct
prospect of his faring still worse. “I sent for the Master of Burton Lazer as you
desired, advertising him of the King’s pleasure commanding him to be here by
Easter eve, and desire you to intercede for him with the King that he might obtain
other lands for his lands of St. Giles’s. He came, and I have been with him divers
times. I have persuaded him to put his sole trust in you and that he shall not go to
the King in anywise before you bring him to His Grace. He is content to do so.
When you wish that I should bring him unto you to make further declaration to
him of the King’s pleasure, let me know.” (Calendar of Letters of Henry VIII., 26
H. VIII., p. 168).
622. These were in St. Anne’s, Soho.
623. After the Duke of Norfolk had heard that Legh was scheming to get the
mastership, he wrote that Legh was married, adding, “Alas! what pity it were that
such a vicious man should have the governance of that honest house!” (Letters and
Papers of Henry VIII., XII., i., p. 282).
624. Patent Roll, 28 Henry VIII. (671).
625. The whole of the above information is obtained from Chancery Decree
Roll (1).
626. Abstracts of Inquisitiones Post Mortem relating to the City of London,
ed. Geo. S. Fry, Part I., p. 62. Legh was buried in the old church of St. Leonard,
Shoreditch, and an illustration of his effigy is given in Ellis’s Antiquities of
Shoreditch. The following inscription was underneath (Hatton’s New View of
London, 1908):—
“Here under lye the Ashes and the Bones

Of Sir Tho. Leigh, that good and learned Knight,
Whose hasty Death, alas, the Godly still bemoan,
Tho his Soul always rejoice in God’s sight,
Great was his Wisdom, and greater was his Wit,
His Visage comely, with no sad Change dismay’d,
A Man in all Affairs a King to serve most fit,
Had not Death so soon his mortal Life betray’d.”
627. Chancery Decree Roll, No. 3.

628. Close Roll, 37 Henry VIII. (444).
629. This was in the parish of Edmonton, now Southgate.
630. On the north side of Broad Street, now in the parish of St. George,
Bloomsbury.
631. The Great Close of Bloomsbury and Wilkinson’s Close.
632. I.e., Middle Row (see Close Roll, 12 Elizabeth (832).—Indenture between
Lord and Lady Mountjoy and William Perye), formerly standing just outside
Holborn Bars.
633. These were in St. Marylebone. The Inquisition on the death of Sir John
Grange (1611) refers to “a close of land commonly known by the name of
Newlondes containing 24 acres, and ... all that parcel of land or lane (“venelle”)
near adjoining the aforesaid close ... situated within the parish of Marylebone.”
(Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, Vol. 686 (113)).
634. Licence to alienate granted 6th July, 1546.
635. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, 3 Edward VI. (89).
636. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, 15 Elizabeth, Vol. 165, on Thomas Carew.
637. Ibid., 6 Elizabeth, Vol. 139.
638. Ibid., Series II. (49), Vol. 109.
639. Her second husband was Sir Thomas Chaloner.
640. According to the Dictionary of National Biography, he “spent the
fortune of his family in the pursuit of alchemy.”
641. The “Lorde Mountjoye and the Lady Katherine” are mentioned in a
mortgage by the former to John Mery, dated 1st February, 1556–7. (Close Roll, 4
and 5, Philip and Mary (547)).
643. Considerable doubt seems to have existed on this point. Side by side with
assertions to the contrary, there are plain statements that the mortgage was
redeemed (see e.g., Chancery Decree Roll, 54, concerning a complaint by Jas.
Mascall against Thomas Harrys and others). Nevertheless it is quite certain that
the statement in the text is true, for (1) the recognisance accompanying the
mortgage is not cancelled; (2) Blount’s son Charles (afterwards Earl of Devonshire)
definitely stated that the manor was not redeemed (Chancery Proceedings,
Elizabeth B. 15–52), suit of Charles Blount; (3) the steps by which the manor
descended from the Brownes are known.
644. Close Roll, 21 Eliz. (1059); Common Plea Roll, 25 Eliz., Hilary, 4010;
Close Roll, 34 Eliz. (1425). Parton (Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields,
p. 331) bridges over the gap between Blount and Cope by the supposition that the
manor came into the hands of the last-named in consequence of a mortgage to one
“Master Cope, citizen of London.” But (1) the mortgage is not of the manor of St.
Giles, and (2) the proper reading is not “Cope” but “Rope.”
645. He was knighted on 20th April, 1603.
646. Close Roll, 14 Jas. I. (2308)—Indenture between Sir Henry Rich, Dame
Isabella, and Dame Dorothy Cope and Gifford and Risley.
647. Vestry Minutes, 1624–1719.
648. See p. 1.
649. Newcourt, op. cit., p. 612.
650. The sketch given by Parton, Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-
Fields, p. 54, is quite untrustworthy, and is in conflict with the little that is known
of the church. He gives no authority for the sketch save that it was as “preserved in
rude delineations of it, made near the time.”
652. Ibid., pp. 191–2.
653. Vestry Minutes, 1624–1719, f. 4.
654. A Mirrour of Christianity and a Miracle of Charity, etc., by R. B. [i.e.,
Robert Boreman], p. 121.
655. A New View of London (1708), I., p. 259.
656. Strype’s edition of Stow, 1720, II., pp. 77ff. The greater portion of what
follows is taken from Strype’s description.
657. See illustrations on map in Strype’s edition of Stow (Plate 5).
658. A list of Lady Dudley’s benefactions comprises the following: “She gave to
the Church of St. Giles, the greatest bell in the steeple; and divers great pieces of
massive plate; paved the chancel with marble, built the fair blue gate at the
entrance to the churchyard, and purchased a fair house of £30 a year value for the
perpetual incumbent. She also gave the hangings for the choir, which cost £80
10s., 2 service books, embroidered in gold, £5; velvet altar cloth with gold fringe
£60; a cambric cloth to lay over it with a deep bone lace £4 10s.; another fine
damask cloth £3; 2 cushions for the altar, richly embroidered with gold, £10; a
Turkey carpet to lay before the altar £6; a long screen to sever the chancel from the
church, richly carved and gilt, £200; a fair organ £100; the organ loft richly
wrought and gilt, and a tablet of the Ten Commandments, the Creed and Lord’s
Prayer, richly adorned, £80; the rails before the altar curiously carved and gilt,
£40.” (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1668–9, p. 176).
659. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, pp. 200–1.
660. 4 Geo. I., cap. 14.
661. 3 Geo. II., cap. 19.
663. Hatton’s New View of London (1708), p. 262.
664. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles, p. 224
665. Parton’s Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, pp. 216–7.
666. Novum Repertorium Ecclesiasticum Parochiale Londinense, p. 173.
668. See p. 123.
672. See p. 1.
673. Close Roll, 30 Henry VI.—Grant, dated 2nd April, 1452, by Jo. Crouton
and W. Horn to Jo. and Katherine Nayler.
674. To the east of Church Close.
676. History of London, p. 1363.
677. Tyburn Gallows (published by the London County Council), p. 16.
678. The gallows in St. Giles Fields erected for the execution of Lord Cobham
were obviously put up for that special purpose. There may, of course, have been a
manorial gallows, but no mention of such for St. Giles occurs in the Quo Warranto
Rolls.
679. Endowed Charities, County of London, III., p. 350.
681. Chancery Decree Roll, No. 3.
682. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, II. Series, Middlesex, Vol. 200 (5).
683. Formerly on the east side of Dyott Street, just outside the parish
boundary.
684. Close Roll, 9 Elizabeth (742).
685. Close Roll, 8 Charles I. (2946).
686. Close Roll, 1649 (31). Indenture, dated 20th March, 1648–9, between
John Barber als Grigg and Henry Baynbrigge.
687. Hospital and Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, p. 152.
688. Edmund Buckeridge and Henry Loveday querentes: and Jane
Baynbrigge, widow; William Maynard and Mary, his wife; Nicholas Buckeridge,
and Sara, his wife; and Simon Dyott and Jane, his wife, deforciantes; of 100
messuages, 200 cottages, 40 gardens and 10 acres of land in St. Giles, Mary, Sara
and Jane renounce for their heirs. It will be seen that the property had grown, and
it is known that Bainbridge had purchased more (see e.g., purchase from Sir John
Bramston and others, Middlesex Feet of Fines, 1665, Trinity).
689. “The Rookery,” was a triangular space bounded by Bainbridge, George,
and High Streets; it was one dense mass of houses, through which curved narrow
tortuous lanes, from which again diverged close courts—one great mass, as if the
houses had originally been one block of stone, eaten by slugs into numberless
small chambers and connecting passages. The lanes were thronged with loiterers;
and stagnant gutters, and piles of garbage and filth infested the air. In the
windows, wisps of straw, old hats, and lumps of bed-tick or brown paper,
alternated with shivered panes of broken glass, the walls were the colour of
bleached soot, and doors fell from their hinges and worm-eaten posts. Many of the
windows announced, “Lodgings at 3d. a night,” where the wild wanderers from
town to town held their nightly revels.” (Timbs’ Curiosities of London (1867), p.
378.)
690. Opened in 1847.
691. Except perhaps the extreme east.
692. Wheatley and Cunningham (London, Past and Present) give the date of
the street’s formation as approximately 1670.
693. Memoirs of the Life and Works of Sir Christopher Wren (1823), p. 522.
694. Collins’s Peerage of England, 5th Edition, III., p. 328.
695. Memoirs of the Life and Works of Sir Christopher Wren, p. 522.
696. Burke’s Peerage.
698. Dictionary of National Biography.
699. Walpole’s Letters (Toynbee Edn.) XI., p. 52.
700. Survey of London, Vol. III., pp. 88–89.
701. Parish ratebooks.
703. Information kindly supplied by His Grace the Duke of Bedford.
704. Richardson and Gill’s London Houses from 1660 to 1820, p. 67.
705. A. E. Richardson’s Monumental Classic Architecture in Great Britain
and Ireland.
706. Survey of London, Vol. III. (St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Part I.), p. 108.
707. Beresford Chancellor’s History of the Squares of London, pp. 202–10.
709. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1778, II., 409.
711. In the Parish of St. George, Bloomsbury.
712. Painted Decoration—the Georgian Period, by Ingleson C. Goodison
(Architectural Review, January, 1913).
713. Information kindly supplied by the Rev. Lewis Gilbertson, M.A., F.S.A.
720. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1778, IV., 505.
723. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1778, IV., 505.
724. See p. 153.
725. Boyle’s Court Guide, however, shows him at the house from 1796 to 1799.
726. The Dictionary of National Biography says that it was at No. 11, Bedford
Square.
728. Partly in the Parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields and partly in that of St.
George, Bloomsbury.
731. See p. 151.
732. See pp. 84–5.
737. See p. 168.
739. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, VII., 263.
745. Middlesex Registry Memorials, VI., 631.
749. Dictionary of National Biography.
761. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, I., 637.
766. Middlesex Registry Memorials, 1777, I., 631.
769. See licence to alienate granted in Patent Roll, 9 Elizabeth (1038).
770. See p. 125.
771. See pardon for alienation granted in Patent Roll, 30 Elizabeth (1321).
772. Information kindly supplied by the City of London Corporation.
773. A. E. Richardson’s Monumental Classic Architecture.
774. A copy is in the County Hall collection.
775. It was the last of several designs prepared for a Select Committee of the
House of Commons who engaged in deliberating on the improvements to the Port,
including a new London Bridge. The view shows two bridges of six arches each,
with a drawbridge in the centre intended for the passage of ships. Between the
bridges flights of steps lead down to the river. The two large areas beyond the
bridges are terminated by crescents. The Monument stands in the chord of the
northern crescent, and a large obelisk in that of the southern.
776. Inquisitiones Post Mortem, Chas. I. (765), 37.
777. John Holles, first Earl of Clare (1564?–1637).
778. It seems probable that the land in question (which, being partly in St.
Giles and partly in St. Pancras, was described sometimes as in one parish,
sometimes in the other) is identical with the land in St. Pancras sold, together with
Clement’s Inn, by Sir William Hawte to William (afterwards Sir William) Holles,
ancestor of the Earls of Clare, in 1532 (Middlesex Feet of Fines, 23 Henry VIII.,
Hil.).
779. The boundary between St. Giles and St. Pancras used to run through the
middle of the close.
781. The Old Farm House in Tottenham Court Road, by Ambrose Heal.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and
variations in spelling.
2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings
as printed.
3. Linked larger images of maps as indicated by [Click
image for larger version.]
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SURVEY OF
LONDON, VOLUME 05 (OF 14), THE PARISH OF ST. GILES-IN-
THE-FIELDS, PART 2 ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions

will be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright
in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and
distribute it in the United States without permission and without
paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General
Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the
PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if
you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the
trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the
Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such
as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and
printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in
the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright
law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially
commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the

free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this
work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase
“Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of
the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or
online at www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand,
agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual
property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to
abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using
and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for
obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms
of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only

be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by
people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
There are a few things that you can do with most Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the
full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There
are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and
help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

Textbook China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2018 Proceedings Volume Iii Jiadong Sun Ebook All Chapter PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Textbook China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2018 Proceedings Volume Iii Jiadong Sun Ebook All Chapter PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

China Satellite Navigation Conference

CSNC 2018 Proceedings Volume III

China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2018

China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2017

China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2019

China Satellite Navigation Conference CSNC 2019

Computational Science ICCS 2018 18th International

Artificial Intelligence and Security 6th International

Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing

Advances in Multimedia Information Processing – PCM

Jiadong Sun · Changfeng Yang

Board of Series editors

• Communication, Networks, and Information Theory

China, Jessie Guo, Assistant Editor (jessie.guo@springer.com) (Engineering)

Leontina Di Cecco, Editor (Leontina.dicecco@springer.com)

Michael Luby, Editor (michael.luby@springer.com) (Mechanics; Materials)

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7818

China Satellite Navigation

ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic)

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018

Printed on acid-free paper

Topic: S1: Satellite Navigation Technology

Topic: S2: Navigation and Location Service

Topic: S3: Satellite Navigation Signal and Anti-Jamming

Topic: S4: Satellite Orbit and Satellite Clock Error

Topic: S5: Precise Positioning Technology

Topic: S6: Time–Space Datum and Temporal Frequency

Topic: S7: Satellite Navigation Augmentation Technology

Topic: S8: Test and Assessment Technology

Topic: S9: User Terminal Technology

Topic: S10: Multi-Source Fusion Navigation Technology

Topic: S11: PNT New Concept, New Methods and New

Topic: S12: Policies and Regulations, Standards

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is China’s global navigation satellite

Beijing, China Jiadong Sun

Guoxiang Ai, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Xiaolin Jia, Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Shaanxi, China

Lu Chen, Beijing Institute of Space Science and Technology Information,

Part I Test and Assessment Technology

Design of Distributed Test System for Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Availability Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Navigation System

Part II User Terminal Technology

An Improved RAIM Algorithm and Hatch-Type Filter Smoothing

Part III Multi-source Fusion Navigation Technology

The Geomagnetic Filtering Algorithm Based on Correlative

Research on Robust PDR Algorithm Based on Smart Phone . . . . . . . . . 673

Part IV PNT New Concept, New Methods and New Technology

Further Analysis on Cramer-Rao Bound for Cooperative

Xuying Ma, Chengpan Tang, Xingyu Wang, Chuang Jin

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 3

2.1 Satellite orbital period

In formula (1), Dn represents the correction of mean angular velocity; G rep-

2.2 The Calculation Method of SISRE

2.3 Important Notes in Data Processing

4 Assessment and Analysis Results

“Here under lye the Ashes and the Bones

627. Chancery Decree Roll, No. 3.

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

START: FULL LICENSE

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only