Unit – V

1. What are the Dimensions of Oral Communication?

Ans. The dimensions of Oral Communication relies on three distinct parts: sender, message and
receiver. More complex models throw in a fourth element: the channel via which the message is
sent. Oral communication is the process of expressing information or ideas by word of mouth.
2. What is Voice Dynamics?
Ans. Vocal or singing dynamics is the practice of controlling vocal volume. It goes beyond
simply singing loud and quiet. It also includes singing vowels and phrases at the appropriate
volume. Voice Dynamics also include silences and rests, which speaker/singers shouldn't forget
about.

3. What are Code and Content?

Ans. A code has a group of elements (vocabulary) and a set of procedures for combining these
elements meaningfully (syntax). Next is the message content, i.e., the message that is selected by
the source to express its purpose. Content, like codes, has both element and structure.

4. What is Stimulus & Response?

Ans. A change in the environment is the stimulus; the reaction of the organism to it is
the response. Environment and the stimuli, external or internal determine the actual process
of communication. The sender in response to an external or internal stimulus perceives a
message. He puts it into an appropriate code of verbal or non-verbal symbols. He transmits it
across to the receiver through an appropriate medium.

5. What is Encoding process?

Ans. Encoding means the creation of a messages which we want to communicate with other
person. On the other hand decoding means listener or audience of encoded message. So decoding
means interpreting the meaning of the message. For example a breakfast cereal company wants
to convey their message to us to buy its product.

6. What is Decoding process?

Ans. The decoding of a message is how an audience member is able to understand, and interpret
the message. It is a process of interpretation and translation of coded information into a
comprehensible form. Effective communication is accomplished only when the message is
received and understood in the intended way.

7. What is ways to learn Pronunciation Etiquette?

Ans. Pronunciation refers to the way a word is spoken. It contributes to how an individual is
understood by the listener. Therefore, pronouncing the full word when misunderstanding is
occurring can also aid in the listener being able to better process the word. Here are some ways
to learn Pronunciation etiquette.
1. Learn to listen.
2. Notice how your mouth and lips move.
3. Pay attention to your tongue.
4. Break words down into sounds.
5. Add stress to sounds and words.
6. Use pronunciation podcasts and videos.
7. Record yourself.
8. Practice with a buddy.

8. What are Syllables?

Ans. A syllable is one unit of sound in English. Syllables join consonants and vowels to form
words. Syllables can have more than one letter; however, a syllable cannot have more than one
sound. Syllables can have more than one consonant and more than one vowel, as well.

9. What is Tone?
Ans. Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is,
to distinguish or to inflect words. Languages that do have this feature are called tonal languages;
the distinctive tone patterns of such a language are sometimes called tonemes, by analogy with
phoneme.

81.What is Intonation?

Ans. Intonation, in phonetics, is the melodic pattern of an utterance. Intonation is primarily a

matter of variation in the pitch level of the voice. In English language stress and rhythm are also
involved. Intonation conveys differences of expressive meaning e.g., surprise, anger, wariness.

10. What is Flow in Speaking? How can we get it?

Ans. To speak fluently without many fillers shows flow in speaking. There are some ways to
improve it.
1. Find An English-Speaking Conversation Partner. First of all, it's important to find native
speakers to practice with if possible.
2. Make Sure To Listen As Well As Speak.
3. Record Your Conversation Practice.
4. Surround Yourself With The English Language.
5. Practice With Music and Movies.
6. Read Aloud.
7. Talk To Yourself.

11. What is Speaking with a purpose?

Ans. To fulfil the three general purposes of Speaking there are four basic types of speeches
i.e. : to inform, to instruct, to entertain, and to persuade. But, these are not mutually exclusive of
one another. For instance, we may try to inform in an entertaining style, and we might inform the
audience and try to persuade them to act on the information.

12. How Speech & personality are correlated?

Ans. It is said that first impressions of a speaker’s personality, whether accurate or not, can be
judged from short utterances of vowels and greetings, as well as from prolonged sentences and
readings of complex paragraphs. From the studies, it is established that listeners’ judgments are
highly consistent with one another, suggesting that different people judge personality traits in a
similar fashion, with three key personality traits being related to measures of valence (associated
with trustworthiness), dominance, and attractiveness. Yet, particularly in voice perception,
limited research has established the reliability of such personality judgments across stimulus
types of varying lengths. Here we investigate whether first impressions of trustworthiness,
dominance, and attractiveness of novel speakers are related when judgments are made on
hearing both one word and one sentence from the same speaker. Pearson correlations showed
personality ratings between words and sentences were strongly correlated, with no significant
influence of content. In short, when establishing an impression of a novel speaker, judgments of
three key personality traits are highly related whether you hear one word or one sentence,
irrespective of what they are saying. This finding is consistent with initial personality judgments
serving as elucidators of approach or avoidance behaviour, without modulation by time or
content.

13. What are Professional Personality Attributes?

Ans. Professional personality attributes are which get someone head and shoulders among
peers even. Here are some of them mentioned.
1. Communication Skills: The ability to communicate clearly and effectively in many mediums:
by email, verbally, with lists and phone messages, on the phone, and with body language.
Communication also includes listening skills and the ability to follow directions and provide
feedback.
2. Honesty: Employers want accurate and timely information regarding their business and their
employees. Made a mistake? Don’t cover it up, admit it, and learn not to do it again.
3. Technical Competency: Most positions require certain skills that are advertised on the Job
Posting. If you are hired to perform certain tasks then you should have the skills. Improving your
skills along the way is also expected.
4. Work Ethic: Be at work on time, do what you were hired to do, meet targets and deadlines and
work to the best of your ability. What more could an employer ask?
5. Flexibility: Employers and their employees need to react quickly to changing business
conditions. Employers need employees who can change gears and adapt as required.
6. Determination and Persistence: Managers will give employees challenging goals but generally
they are achievable. The key is to be able to work hard and keep moving forward when you
encounter obstacles.
7. Ability to Work in Harmony with Co-Workers: Employers and managers like to have people
working with them and for them who can get along with their colleagues and who can work with
others effectively in different circumstances.
8. Eager and Willing to Add to Their Knowledge Base and Skills: As businesses change, there is
often a need to find out new information, expand knowledge and explore new ways of doing
things. People with an interest in learning, and a willingness to pass it on to others, become
invaluable.
9. Problem-Solving Skills: Companies are looking for people who are motivated to take on
challenges with minimal direction. Employees should see when something needs to be done and
react accordingly.
 10. Loyalty: Employers want and need to be able to trust their employees to work professionally
to meet the employer’s best interests. Employers do not want to hire people who require close
scrutiny or who cannot be trusted to represent the company in public.

14. What is the difference between Sympathy and Empathy?

Ans. Sympathy is a shared feeling, usually of sorrow, pity or compassion for another person. We
show concern for another person when we feel sympathy for them. With empathy, we put
ourselves in another's shoes, often feeling things more deeply than if we just felt sympathy.
Empathy is defined as the ability to understand the thoughts feelings or emotions of someone
else. An example of empathy is feeling the same amount of excitment as a friend, when they tell
you they're getting married.

15. What is Leadership?

Ans. Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common
goal. This leadership definition captures the essentials of being able to inspire others and being
prepared to do so. A good leader takes the lead. A good leader has personality, courage, clear
vision with ambition to succeed. A good leader encourages the team to perform to their optimum
all the time and drives organizational success. Leadership is an important function of
management which helps to maximize efficiency and to achieve organizational goals.
Leadership styles based on authority can be of four types:
 Autocratic Leadership,
 Democratic or Participative Leadership,
 Free-Rein or Lassie-Faire Leadership, and.
 Paternalistic Leadership.
JJDIDTIEBUCKLE is an acronym used by Marines representing their 14 leadership traits.
Justice, Judgment, Dependability, Initiative, Decisiveness, Tact, Integrity, Endurance, Bearing,
Unselfishness, Courage, Knowledge, Loyalty,& Enthusiasm.

16. What is Competence?

Ans. Competence is the set of demonstrable characteristics and skills that enable, and improve
the efficiency of, performance of a job. The term "competence" first appeared in an article
authored by R.W. White in 1959 as a concept for performance motivation.
Some scholars see "competence" as a combination of practical and theoretical knowledge,
cognitive skills, behavior and values used to improve performance; or as the state or quality of
being adequately or well qualified, having the ability to perform a specific role. For
instance, management competency might include systems thinking and emotional intelligence,
and skills in influence and negotiation.