Approaches of Planning

Need Based Approach

The planning process may be concerned with the demand or with needs.

Planning to response to demands may be realistic and efficient. In this case

 If community is not able to identify the real problem and need, then it will miss important
issue/problems that are prevalent and need to be considered during planning.
 If all important issues are dealt with in planning which are not familiar to community, then
that will be challenging to get co-operation, response from community during
implementation.

In Need/Demand based approach:

 Focus on input and outcome

 Emphasizes meeting needs
 Recognizes needs as valid claims
 Individuals are objects of development interventions.
 Individual deserves (justify) assistance.
 Focuses on immediate causes of problem.

Right based approach

A right bases approach to development is a framework that integrates the norms, principles,
standards and goals of the international human rights system into the plans and processes of
development.

It is characterized by methods and activities that link the human rights system and its inherent
notion of power and struggle with development.

In right based approach:

 Focus on process and outcome

 Emphasizes realizing rights
 Recognizes individual and group rights as claims toward legal and moral duty bearers.
 Individuals and groups are empowered to claim their rights.
 Individuals are entitled to assistance.
 Focuses on structural causes and their manifestations.

Focus areas for RBA

 Participation
 Accountability
 Equality and non discrimination
 Empowerment
 Links to human right standards