Volume XII - Muzzle Loading

Return to Main Index
Technical
Committee
Manual
Volume XII
MUZZLE LOADING
Section I CHARACTERISTICS
Section II PROCEDURES
Section III EQUIPMENT
Section IV PROOFING
Section V PRODUCT SAFETY
Section VI INACTIVE CARTRIDGES
ISSUED Unknown
Revised 06/19/2010
INTRODUCTION
The Technical Committee manual of the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute,
Inc. (SAAMI) is a compendium of data on voluntary recommended practices, procedures, and product
performance criteria utilized by many of the leading American makers of sporting firearms and
ammunition. It has been recorded over a period of more than 75 years.
This material was developed and collected in the interest of product safety and interchangeability. For
these purposes, the Manual presents such information as cartridge and chamber dimensions, pressure
and velocity levels, test methods, and equipment.
Circulation of the volumes comprising the Manual is limited to SAAMI members and their designated
representatives. Data from certain volumes concerning sporting ammunition were utilized in the
development of Voluntary Industry Performance Standards under the prescribed procedures of the
American National Standards Institute and published in the series identified as ANSI/SAAMI
Standards. These may be obtained either from ANSI or SAAMI. Specific information, not obtainable
from one of the ANSI standards, which is sought in connection with government bids or requested by
qualified persons will be furnished upon written inquiry; customarily a reasonable charge is made for
this service.
These recommendations have been prepared as a matter of information for members of the Sporting
Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute, Inc. They are made available to non-members on a
limited basis as a matter of courtesy and public service. It is expressly understood that use of the
information supplied is restricted to the party or entity requesting it, and that no publication,
distribution, or reproduction rights are granted. Accordingly, neither the Institute nor those engaged
in the preparation of these recommendations make any representation or guarantee, and do not assume
any responsibility or liability with respect thereto.
2023. Unpublished work by the Sporting Arms &

Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute, Inc. All rights,
including copyright, are reserved by the Sporting Arms
& Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute, Inc.
ISSUED Unknown
Revised 06/19/2010
PAGE NUMBERING SYSTEM

S.A.A.M.I. TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MANUAL
EXPLANATORY NOTE
THE S.A.A.M.I. AMMUNITION TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MANUAL is divided into fourteen

volumes, each having up to six sections. The pages are numbered in series (referred to as sub-sections)
in such a manner that no pages carry the same number in any of the volumes. Decimals are used,
appended to the subsection number, to provide pagination within each subsection. To the extent
possible, the subsection numbering between volumes is consistent for subject matter. For example,
subsections 1x30 all cover velocity and pressure in Volumes I – V. The series and section assignments
of sub-sections are as follows:
CENTERFIRE PISTOL & REVOLVER

RIMFIRE PISTOL & REVOLVER
CARTRIDGES & CHAMBERS

CF PISTOL & REVOLVER
INDUSTRIAL LOADS
SPECIAL PURPOSE
CENTERFIRE RIFLE
MUZZLE-LOADING
SUPPRESSORS
RIMFIRE RIFLE
SHOTSHELL
SHOTGUN
VOL. XIV
CF RIFLE
VOL. XV
VOL. VIII
RIMFIRE
VOL. VII
VOL. XII
VOL. IV
VOL. IX
VOL. VI
VOL. V
VOL. III
VOL XI
VOL. II
VOL X
VOL. I
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000 20200 20400 20600

CHARACTERISTICS
- - - - - – - - -
SECTION I
1199 1399 1599 1799 1999 20199 20399 20599 20799
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 21000 21400 21400 21600

PROCEDURES
- - - - – – - - -
SECTION II
2199 2399 2599 2799 2999 21199 21599 21599 21799
3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 22000 22200 22400 22600

EQUIPMENT
- - - - – – - - -
SECTION III THESE VOLUMES USE A
3199 3399 3599 3799 3999 22199 22399 22599 22799
DIFFERENT PAGE NUMBERING
4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 SYSTEM. Reserved 23200 Reserved Reserved
PROOF LOADS
- - - - – (23100 - - (23400 - (23600 -
SECTION IV
4199 4399 4599 4799 4999 23199) 23399 23599) 23799)
5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 Reserved 24200 Reserved Reserved

PRODUCT SAFETY
- - - - – (24000 - - (24400 - (24600 -
SECTION V
5199 5399 5599 5799 5999 24199) 24399 24599) 24799)
INACTIVE 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 Reserved 25200 Reserved Reserved
CARTRIDGES - - - - - (25000 - - (25400 - (25600 -
SECTION VI 6199 6399 6599 6799 6999 25199) 25399 25599) 25799)
Each manual page bears an issue and revision date in the upper right-hand corner.
Return to Vol XII Main Jump to Table of Contents
Technical
Committee
Manual
Volume XII
MUZZLE LOADING
Section I
CHARACTERISTICS
20200.1
SECTION I – CHARACTERISTICS TABLE OF CONTENTS

MUZZLE LOADING ISSUED 06/23/2002
SAAMI TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MANUAL Revised 01/05/2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Return to Volume XII Main
Latest
Subsection Subsection Revision
Title Number Date
Table of Contents..............................................................................20200.............. 10/20/2002
Priming
Drop Tests for Percussion/Musket Cap Sensitivity .................20240.............. 10/20/2002
Percussion Caps and Nipples ...................................................20243.............. 01/05/2009
Return to Table of Contents Next subsection>>
20240.1
PRIMING:
DROP TESTS FOR PERCUSSION/MUSKET
SECTION I – CHARACTERISTICS CAP SENSITIVITY
MUZZLELOADING ISSUED 06/23/2002
PRIMING:
DROP TESTS FOR PERCUSSION/MUSKET CAP SENSITIVITY
Drop tests for determining sensitivity of percussion/musket caps should be made in accordance with
the procedure outlined in Section II and with the equipment shown in Section III. The expected
results for percussion/musket caps are:
No Failure Height No Explosion Height

(inches) (inches)
1 2 3 4
200 100
Cap Type X + 4σ ( n−1) Caps* X − 2σ (n−1) Caps*
#11 Percussion Cap 20.0 17.0 2.0 3.0
Musket Cap 20.0 17.0 1.0 3.0
* In abbreviated testing, the listed quantity of caps is tested at the heights shown. If one or more failures
occur, a sensitivity run-down test should be performed consisting of at least 50 caps at one-inch intervals
between 0% and 100% firing. X + 4σ ( n−1) and X − 2σ (n−1) values should be calculated. Limiting values for
X + 4σ ( n−1) and X − 2σ (n−1) are shown in columns 1 and 3, respectively.
Alternatively, the sensitivity run-down test may be performed without first performing the two-point test.
Where:
X = the critical mean height at which 50% of the caps being tested will fire.
σ = standard deviation of the sample.
( n − 1)
Return to Table of Contents << Previous subsection
20243.1
P.2 > P.3 >
PRIMING:
SECTION I – CHARACTERISTICS PERCUSSION CAPS AND NIPPLES
PRIMING:
PERCUSSION CAPS AND NIPPLES
No 11 PERCUSSION CAP AND NIPPLE
PRIMER MIX
FOIL PAPER
.175 (4.45)
MAXIMUM .140 (3.56)
.1675 ± .0015
(4.255 ± 0.038)
.160 + .004
(4.06 + 0.10)
.169 + .005
(4.29 + 0.13)
MAX. SURFACE AREA =

.020 in2 (12.90 mm2)
.170 (4.32)
MINIMUM
1° 50’ 18”
.140 (3.56) B
SCALE: 7½:1
NOTE:
B = BASIC = REFERENCE DIMENSION
DIMENSIONS ARE TO INTERSECTIONS OF LINES (XX.XX) = MILLIMETERS
ALL CALCULATIONS APPLY AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION (MMC)
20243.2
< P.1 P.3 >
PRIMING:
PRIMING:
PERCUSSION CAPS AND NIPPLES (Continued)
US MUSKET CAP
PETALS
(TYPICAL)
NUMBER OF
PETALS OPTIONAL
PRIMER MIX
FOIL PAPER
.250 (6.35)
MAXIMUM .175 (4.45)
.223 ± .001
(5.66 ± 0.03)
.420 MAX
(10.67)
SCALE: 6:1
NOTE:
20243.3
< P.1 <P.2
PRIMING:
PRIMING:
PERCUSSION CAPS AND NIPPLES (Continued)
US MUSKET CAP NIPPLE
.215 + .003
(5.46+0.08)
.225 + .003 MAX. CHAMFER .025 (0.64)

(5.72+0.08)
MAX. SURFACE AREA =

.020 in2 (12.90 mm2)
.240 +.010
(6.10 + 0.25)
3° 16’ 14”
.175 (4.45) B
SCALE: 6:1
NOTE:
Technical
Committee
Manual
Volume XII
MUZZLE LOADING
Section II
PROCEDURES
Return to Volume XII Main 21200.1
SECTION II – PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(NOTE: Refer to individual subsections for latest revision date.)

Subsection
Subsection Title Number
Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................21200
Procedure: Velocity & Transducer Pressure Testing - General ....................................................21210
Velocity & Pressure Barrels: Qualification ..................................................................................21220
Procedure: Velocity & Piezoelectric Transducer Pressure Testing ..............................................21225
Transducer Calibration: Equipment Interconnection ....................................................................21235
Firing Test: Equipment Interconnection .......................................................................................21240
Transducer Calibration: Least Square Line Computation ............................................................21245
Reference Components:
New Lots ............................................................................................................................21250
Identification Protocol .......................................................................................................21255
Procedure: Recommended Storage Of Black Powder Substitutes For Reference
And Proof Testing ..............................................................................................................21260
Procedure: Percussion Cap Sensitivity Determination
(Drop Testing) ....................................................................................................................21295
Procedure: Firearms Hammer Energy Assessment.......................................................................21298
21210.1
P.2 > P.3 > P.4 >
PROCEDURE:
VELOCITY & TRANSDUCER PRESSURE TESTING -
SECTION II – PROCEDURES GENERAL
PROCEDURE:
VELOCITY & TRANSDUCER PRESSURE TESTING - GENERAL
1. Velocities and pressures should be measured simultaneously.

2. Velocities and pressures should be fired in horizontally mounted test barrels of the
appropriate caliber and length for the projectiles to be tested.
3. Drawings and descriptions of the required equipment are listed in Section III of this
volume.
4. VELOCITY AND PRESSURE TESTING WITH BLACK POWDER, PYRODEX™,
OR 777™ PROPELLANT
a. Using Black Powder, Granular Pyrodex™, Or Granular 777™ Propellant
i. Fire three (3) percussion caps into the test barrel without propellant or
projectiles loaded to dry the chamber area of residual oil, solvent, etc.
ii. Charge the barrel with the appropriate weighed amount of propellant by
either:
1. Pivot the Universal Receiver / test barrel upward to an angle of at least
30° from horizontal and pour the propellant into the muzzle of the test
barrel. Return the test barrel to the horizontal position.
Or
2. Use a hollow loading tube to deposit the propellant charge directly into
the chamber area. (Refer to Section III – Equipment, Subsection
3810.)
a. Insert the wooden dowel into the brass tube to a depth that
leaves approximately four (4) inches of free volume at one end
of the tube.
NOTE: Providing a mark on the dowel aids in gauging the
proper insertion depth.
b. Carefully pour the weighed propellant charge into the open end
of the tube.
c. Carefully tilt and insert the assembly, now containing the
propellant charge, into the bore of the test barrel until the tube
contacts the face of the nipple holder.
d. Gently move the wooden dowel forward until it stops.
e. Holding the dowel stationary, move the tube out of the test
barrel until the tube and dowel ends are even.
f. Carefully withdraw the tube and dowel from the test barrel.
™
Pyrodex and 777 are trademarks of Hodgdon Powder Company.
21210.2
< P.1 P.3 > P.4 >
PROCEDURE:
iii. Insert the projectile to be fired into the muzzle of the test barrel.
iv. Place a ramrod with an attached force gauge over the projectile and apply 70 ±
5 lbf of force to firmly seat the projectile over the propellant charge.
NOTE: The insertion force is lower for pelletized 777 – refer to §4 (b) for
specific guidance on V&P testing with 777 pellets.
NOTE: The insertion length of the ramrod into the test barrel should be
visually verified to ensure the projectile is firmly seated against the propellant
charge.
CAUTION: Black powder is impact sensitive. Do not hammer or otherwise
sharply strike the ramrod while inserting the projectile. Doing so may cause the
powder to ignite and eject the ramrod and projectile, potentially causing serious
injury to the person performing the testing or others in the area.
b. Using Pyrodex™ Propellant Pellets or 777™ Propellant Pellets
i. Fire three (3) percussion caps into the test barrel without propellant or
projectiles loaded to dry the chamber area of residual oil, solvent, etc.
ii. Charge the barrel with the appropriate number of pellets by inserting the
pellets into the muzzle of the test barrel.
iii. Using a wooden dowel or rod of a soft material (to prevent damage to the test
barrel rifling or crown) and move the pellets loosely against the face of the
breech plug.
NOTE: Providing a mark on the dowel aids in gauging the proper insertion
depth.
iv. Insert the projectile to be fired into the muzzle of the test barrel.
v. Place a ramrod with an attached force gauge over the projectile and apply 60 ±
5 lbf of force to firmly seat the projectile over the propellant charge.
NOTE: The insertion length of the ramrod into the test barrel should be
visually verified to ensure the projectile is firmly seated against the propellant
charge.
CAUTION: Do not hammer or otherwise sharply strike the ramrod while
inserting the projectile or exceed the force recommendation. Doing so may
cause the pellets to break, increasing pressure beyond expected levels.
c. Retract the striker and secure it in place with the retainer.
d. Place a percussion cap securely on the nipple.
e. Fire the round by removing the retainer.
f. Record the observed velocity and pressure.
g. Swab the barrel with a cleaning patch dampened with water.
21210.3
< P.1 < P.2 P.4 >
PROCEDURE:
h. Repeat steps (b) through (i), inclusive, five (5) additional times for black powder, or
ten (10) additional times for the listed black powder substitutes.
NOTE: The velocity and pressure from the first (fouling) shot should be recorded but
should not be included in the final summary data.
i. Following the firing of the first six (6) round string, the barrel should be thoroughly
cleaned and steps (a) through (j), inclusive, repeated until the total number of desired
rounds has been fired.
j. A test series should normally be comprised of a total of ten (10) rounds for record
and two (2) fouling rounds, for a total of twelve (12) rounds per test.
5. Recording of Test Results
a. The following data should be recorded for each series of shots fired for velocity and
pressure.
b. Date of test.
c. Propellant manufacturer, type, granulation, charge weight, and lot number.
d. Projectile manufacturer, type, weight, and lot number.
e. Percussion cap manufacturer, type, and lot number.
f. Test firearm and range data:
i. Barrel length and serial number.
ii. Barrel history
iii. Type of chronograph and screens
g. Piezo gauge manufacturer and serial or ID number.

h. Average velocity.
i. Average pressure.
j. Maximum and minimum individual velocity.
k. Maximum and minimum individual pressure.
l. Extreme variation (range) of velocity.
m. Extreme variation (range) of pressure.
n. Other statistical indication of variation (optional).
o. Test personnel.
6. Upon Completion of Testing
a. The test barrel should be removed from the Universal Receiver and thoroughly
cleaned using warm water and cleaning patches.
b. Dry cleaning patches should be used to remove any excess water from the bore of
the test barrel.
21210.4
< P.1 < P.2 < P.3
PROCEDURE:
c. To prevent rusting of the bore, a light coating of rust-inhibiting oil should be applied
to a patch, which is then swabbed through the bore.
Return to Table of Contents <<Previous subsection Next subsection>>
21220.1
VELOCITY & PRESSURE BARRELS:

SECTION II – PROCEDURES QUALIFICATION
SAAMI TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MANUAL Revised
VELOCITY & PRESSURE BARRELS:

QUALIFICATION
All barrels are not necessarily suitable for use in determining pressure or velocity levels, even
though they may conform to the dimensions given on the appropriate Standard Velocity and Pressure
Barrel drawing in this Manual. New barrels may require a number of rounds to be fired to remove
sharp corners or burrs resulting from the manufacturing process. Barrels in service do not have an
unlimited life and may become unserviceable from wear and erosion. There is no predictable
number of rounds to which a barrel should be exposed before use for pressure and velocity
determinations, nor is there a predictable round life for such equipment.
The following procedure is suggested for determining the suitability of any barrel for pressure and
velocity test use:
Fire ten rounds of SAAMI Reference percussion caps, propellant, and projectiles
using the equipment and following the procedures as shown in this Manual. The
average velocity and pressure results of the test should be within the Inclusion Limits
as given on the latest assessment of the load fired.
In the case of a new barrel, the firing of more breaking-in shots may be indicated after which firings
with the Reference Components should be repeated.
In the case of barrels which have been in service, removal of fouling, or other corrective procedures
may be implemented followed by a retest.
21225.1
P.2 > P.3 > P.4 > P.5 >
PROCEDURE: VELOCITY & PIEZOELECTRIC
SECTION II – PROCEDURES TRANSDUCER PRESSURE TESTING
PROCEDURE:
VELOCITY & PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER PRESSURE TESTING
I. TEST EQUIPMENT
A. TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION
ITEM TYPE ALTERNATE
1. Digital Voltmeter Fluke, Model 8440 or equivalent

2. Charge Amplifier PCB, Model 462B52 or equivalent
3. Transducer Calibrator Pressure Products or equivalent
(Direct fluidic calibrator) Industries, Model
AOH-101-05361
4. Insulation Tester Kistler, Model 5493 or equivalent
5. Transducer PCB, Model 118B11 or equivalent
6. Low Noise Cable PCB, Model 003AXXX or equivalent
7. Calibration Adapter PCB, Model 061M109 or equivalent
B. FIRING TEST
ITEM TYPE ALTERNATE
1. Charge Amplifier PCB, Model 462B52 or equivalent

2. Peak Detector PCB, Model 451A07 or equivalent
3. Transducer PCB, Model 118B11 or equivalent
4. Low Noise Cable PCB, Model 003AXXX or equivalent
5. Oehler System 82 Modules 8221, 8222, or equivalent
8223, 8229
II. EQUIPMENT PREPARATION
A. All instruments should be operational and calibrated per manufacturer specification.

B. The transducer calibrator and instruments used to calibrate the charge amplifier, peak
detector and digital voltmeter should have a certified calibration traceable to the National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
C. Transducers should be properly maintained per manufacturer recommendations or stored in
desiccator when not in use.
CAUTION: When not in use, the cable, transducers, and instrument connectors should be
stored with plastic caps to prevent contamination.
D. Measure the internal resistance of the transducer and low noise cable. If the resistance is less
than 1012 ohms, bake-out transducer and low noise cable as described in Section III B,
Transducer Initialization. If the resistance is in the 1012 to 1014 ohm range, proceed to
Paragraph IV, Transducer Calibration.
21225.2
< P.1 P.3 > P.4 > P.5 >
III. TRANSDUCER INITIALIZATION
A. Clean transducer and low noise cable connectors using an acceptable solvent.
B. Bake-out transducer and low noise cable in a temperature controlled oven for 24 to 48 hours
at 250°F (121°C).
C. Allow oven to return to ambient temperature at a slow rate.
D. After removing the transducer and cable from the oven, check the internal resistance of the
transducer. The resistance should be in the 1012 to 1014 ohm range.
E. Place protective caps on transducer and cable connectors to prevent contamination.
IV. TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION
A. INITIAL SET-UP
1. Turn on the electronic equipment and allow it to stabilize as recommended by the

manufacturer.
2. Inspect the transducer mounting cavity to assure that the seal seat is free of dirt and any
other foreign matter.
3. Mount transducer with steel spacer rings into calibration fixture as described in PCB
Operating Instructions Manual.
4. Thread the transducer into the mounting port. When transducer bottoms, torque the
transducer as recommended by the manufacturer.
5. Care must be exercised to obtain correct depth. Depth adjustment is accomplished by

the use of various thickness spacers.
6. Mount calibration adapter with transducer on the calibrator.
7. Connect transducer and instrumentation as indicated in subsection 2835.
8. Set the charge amplifier sensitivity to 0.999 and set the time constant switch to LONG.
9. Set DVM to 10-volt range.
B. CALIBRATION
1. Adjust Heise readout indicator to 0 psi with no pressure on hydraulic lines.
2. Reset charge amplifier and DVM to obtain zero volts output.

21225.3
< P.1 < P.2 P.4 > P.5 >
3. Apply pressure in increments of 5,000 psi beginning at 5,000 psi and going to 30,000
psi. DO NOT exceed the maximum pressure established by the manufacturer for the
fixture.
4. Record DVM reading after the Heise readout indicator is exactly at desired pressure
level. Do not release the pressure until 30,000 psi has been reached. Read the pressure
at each increment. Do not overshoot the pressure points!
5. After reaching 30,000 psi, release the pressure slowly.
6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 a minimum of three (3) times.
CAUTION: Always increase pressure to desired level, never decrease pressure to

desired level.
C. DATA REDUCTION
1. Calculate the average value for the output voltages recorded at each pressure increment.
Multiply these average values by the charge amplifier sensitivity (pC/V) to obtain the
transducer charge output (Q) at these pressure increments (P).
2. Obtain a least square line equation using the transducer charge output (Q) as the
dependent variable and pressure (P) as the independent variable. Q = mP ± q.
3. A manual method of calculating the least square line equation is given in tabular form in
subsection 2845. It is recommended that when using this technique, all numbers be
carried to the third decimal place.
4. Obtain the pressure (P) offset value when Q in the line equation is zero. Refer to
subsection 2845, Figure 4.
D. CALIBRATION CHECK
When the calibration calculations are complete the sensitivity should be set on the
charge amplifier. The digital voltmeter is set at zero and the hydraulic pressure
increased to the highest pressure reached in the calibration. The digital voltmeter
reading should equal the hydraulic gauge reading. Check calibration again by repeating
the procedure. As a guideline, these values should agree within ±1.5% of the gauge
reading. If the transducer does not meet this guideline then recheck the calculations
and/or recalibrate.
E. TRANSDUCER RECORDS
1. Date of calibration
2. The number of rounds to which the transducer has been exposed during test firing.
21225.4
< P.1 < P.2 < P.3 P.5 >
3. Calibration pressure (P), charge amplifier voltage output (V), and transducer charge
output (Q).
4. Charge amplifier sensitivity.
5. Least square line equation.
6. Transducer identification.
7. Date of next calibration.
V. FIRING TEST
A. PRESSURE BARREL PREPARATION
1. Refer to the SAAMI recommended piezo pressure transducer installation in a pressure

barrel illustrated in Section III.
B. INITIAL SET-UP
1. Turn on the electronic equipment and allow it to stabilize as recommended by the

manufacturer.
2. Inspect the transducer mounting cavity in the pressure barrel to assure that the seal seat
is free of dirt and any other foreign matter.
3. Mount transducer with steel spacer rings into the test barrel as described in PCB
Operating Instructions Manual.
4. Thread the transducer into the mounting port. When transducer bottoms, torque the
transducer as recommended by the manufacturer.
5. Connect equipment as shown in subsection 2840.

IMPORTANT: Always switch the OPERATE-GND switch to the “GND” position
before making connections to the Model 462B52 and allow switch to remain in this
position during such connections. This protects the FET input stage against possible
gate damage from excessive accumulated static charge.
6. Set the charge amplifier controls for short time constant, transducer sensitivity to the
slope (m) obtained from the transducer least square line equation and set the
GROUND/OPERATE switch to the OPERATE position.
7. Select digital peak meter, positive input, peak mode, and 10-volt range.
C. PROCEDURE
1. Reset all pressure instrumentation and assure that the peak meter digital display reads all
zeros. Test rounds may now be fired.
21225.5
< P.1 < P.2 < P.3 < P.4
2. For each round fired, the pressure reading on the digital display should be recorded and
pressure instrumentation reset.
21235.1
TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION:
SECTION II – PROCEDURES EQUIPMENT INTERCONNECTION
EQUIPMENT INTERCONNECTION
Low Noise Cable RG-58/u Coax
Transducer Charge Digital

Calibrator Amplifier Voltmeter
Figure 1
21240.1
P.2 >
FIRING TEST:
FIRING TEST:
EQUIPMENT INTERCONNECTION
Configuration 1
Low Noise Cable RG-58/u Coax
Pressure Test Charge Digital

Barrel Amplifier Peak Meter
21240.2
< P.1
FIRING TEST:
FIRING TEST:
EQUIPMENT INTERCONNECTION (Continued)
Configuration 2
Low Noise Cable
RG-58/u Coax
Pressure Test Charge Peak Digital

Barrel Amplifier Detector Voltmeter
21245.1
P.2 >
SECTION II – PROCEDURES LEAST SQUARE LINE COMPUTATION
LEAST SQUARE LINE COMPUTATION
Q  mP  q
 PQ    n
P Q
P PQ    P  Q
q 
2
m
 P  P   n P
P  
2 2 2
2
n
Where:
n = Number of data points.
Q = Charge, in picocoulombs, pC.
m = Slope (Q/P); transducer sensitivity in pC/psi.
P = Pressure, in pounds per square inch, psi.
q = Charge intercept, in picocoulombs, pC.
V = Average output voltage at the indicated pressure, in volts, v.
S = Charge amplifier sensitivity.
q
Offset 
m
Q
P S V (SV) (PQ) P2
TOTAL P = Q = ( ( 2
)=
Figure 3
21245.2
< P.1
SECTION II – PROCEDURES LEAST SQUARE LINE COMPUTATION
OUTPUT vs. PRESSURE
4500
4000
3500
3000
OUTPUT (pCb)
2500
2000
Sensitivity
Q/P
1500
1000
500
0
0 10 20 30 40
PRESSURE (1,000 psi)
Figure 4
21250.1
P.2 > P.3 > P.4 >
REFERENCE COMPONENTS:
SECTION II – PROCEDURES NEW LOTS
NEW LOTS
I. GENERAL
Reference lots of components have been established for those items (propellant, projectiles,
and caps) designated by the Technical Committee. Responsibility for production of each of the
selected items is assigned to a member company that is responsible for maintaining a supply.
A five-year supply is recommended.
When a producer has prepared a new lot of a component, it shall be his responsibility to
announce the lot to the SAAMI Technical Office1, giving a tentative assessment for firings
utilizing the new component lot and other data. (An example of the recommended format for
this announcement appears later in this subsection.)
The producer shall supply, at the time of the announcement of the new lot, to each member of
the Muzzle Loading Technical Committee that has the capability to perform velocity and
pressure testing, the appropriate quantity as follows:
 Projectiles – 50 pieces
 Percussion caps – 100 pieces
 Propellant – One (1) pound
The SAAMI Technical Office will announce the availability of the new component lot to the
participating ranges, giving the tentative assessment and other pertinent data. (An example of
the recommended format for this announcement appears later in this subsection.)
II. METHOD OF ASSESSMENT – NEW LOTS
Before announcing a new lot of reference components to the SAAMI Technical Office, the
manufacturer should make sufficient tests to determine Tentative Values of pressure and
velocity for the load(s) utilizing the subject component.
1. The test barrels shall conform to the SAAMI specifications for internal dimensions, length
and piezo gauge location. (Refer to Section III of this Volume.)
2. Counter-chronographs and photoelectric screens shall be used in velocity measurements.

(See Section III.)
3. Components shall be conditioned for a minimum of 24 hours at 70° ± 2°F (21.1° ± 1.1°C)
with relative humidity of 60% ± 5% before firing.
1
Refer to Section III, Sub-section 3899 for current contact information for the SAAMI Technical
Office.
21250.2
< P.1 P.3 > P.4 >
4. Test procedures and piezo transducer calibration method shall conform to the applicable
SAAMI protocol.
21250.3
< P.1 < P.2 P.4 >
NEW REFERENCE LOT REPORTING FORM AND INSTRUCTIONS
These instructions pertain to the form shown in Section II, which is used for a Reference Component
producer to announce new lots to the SAAMI Technical Office, as well as for the SAAMI Technical
Office to announce the new lot to participating ranges.
-------------------------------------------------------------
SUBJECT: T-4027 Reference Ammunition – Muzzleloading

New Reference Lot
TO: When used by a producer:

SAAMI Technical Office2
When used by SAAMI Technical Office to notify test stations:

Current address of all stations and personnel.
(1) Name and address of source SIGNED: Authorized Person

for procurement as shown Producer Company Name
in Section III Address (including zip
code)
DATE:
2
Refer to Section III, Sub-section 3899 for current contact information for the SAAMI Technical
Office.
21250.4
< P.1 < P.2 < P.3
ANNOUNCEMENT OF NEW REFERENCE COMPONENT LOT
SUBJECT: T-4027 Reference Ammunition – Muzzleloading

New Reference Lot
TO:
COMPONENT: ______________________________ Lot No. _________________
Order Symbol _____________
- TENTATIVE ASSESSMENT –
Fired with the following components:
Projectile Type: ____________________ lot # ________________
Propellant Type: ____________________ lot # ________________
Percussion Cap lot #: ________________
VELOCITY (ft/s) PRESSURE (psi in units of 100)
AVERAGE: S.D.: AVERAGE: S.D.:
Lot number this lot replaces _________________
Attach additional sheets as needed to present assessment information for appropriate combinations
of components and calibers.
Please test the component and report the results to the SAAMI Technical Office on the proper form
as soon as possible.
SIGNED:
DATE:
21255.1
SECTION II – PROCEDURES IDENTIFICATION PROTOCOL
IDENTIFICATION PROTOCOL
These components are to be used only for calibration

of test gages for velocity and pressure.
LOT NUMBERING SYSTEM

(Typical numbers)
ML. LOT 11-PC-15 R

SIZE(1)
COMPONENT(2)
LOT NUMBER
PRODUCER CODE(3)
(1) SIZES (2) COMPONENTS (3) PRODUCERS

45 – 45 Caliber BP – Black powder B – Blount (Alliant Ammunition &
50 – 50 Caliber MB – Maxi-ball Accessories, CCI/Speeer)
54 – 54 Caliber MC – Musket cap GX – Goex
11 – #11 (PC’s only) PC – Percussion cap H – Hornady Manufacturing
PY – Pyrodex HP – Hodgdon Powder Company
SP – Saboted projectile R – Remington Arms Company
NOTE
BLACK LETTERING
21260.1
PROCEDURE:
RECOMMENDED STORAGE OF BLACK POWDER
SUBSTITUTES FOR REFERENCE AND PROOF
SECTION II – PROCEDURES TESTING
PROCEDURE:
RECOMMENDED STORAGE OF BLACK POWDER SUBSTITUTES FOR
REFERENCE AND PROOF TESTING
Black powder substitutes are hygroscopic (tend to absorb water from ambient air) and yield the most
consistent ballistic performance when properly stored to minimize variation in moisture content.
It is recommended that black powder substitutes to be used for velocity/pressure and/or proof testing
be stored for a minimum of 72 hours prior to use at 70°F ± 5°F (21°C ± 3°C) and a relative humidity
of 54% ± 2%.
Black powder substitutes should always be stored in the manufacturer's original containers with the
lids tightly sealed.
21295.1
PROCEDURE:
PERCUSSION CAP SENSITIVITY DETERMINATION
SECTION II – PROCEDURES (DROP TESTING)
PROCEDURE:
PERCUSSION CAP SENSITIVITY DETERMINATION (DROP TESTING)
Drop tests for determining the sensitivity of percussion / musket caps should be made using caps on
nipples and by the use of a hammer / falling mass as shown in Section III – Equipment. The drop
tests should be made in accordance with the provisions outlined below:
1. If used, the steel ball (falling mass) must align with the firing pin. This may be done by the
use of a small diameter steel rod held by an electromagnet or other device, and then leveling
the drop test apparatus so that the rod is held directly over the striker. The alignment can
also be checked with carbon paper. If the alignment is correct, the ball dropped on the piece
of carbon paper held over the top of the striker will show a dark spot at the center of the
striker head.
If a falling hammer is used, care must be taken to ensure the hammer falls freely within the
track, and that the nipple and hammer are aligned. The alignment may be checked by placing
carbon paper over the top of a cap placed securely on the nipple and dropping the hammer.
If the alignment is correct, the cap will show an evenly distributed marking from the carbon
paper.
2. The caps for the test should be conditioned for one hour at ambient temperature.
3. The height of fall of the ball is measured from the bottom of the ball when held by the
electromagnet or other device to the top of the striker resting on a cap placed securely on the
nipple.
4. In the case of a falling hammer, the height of the fall is measured from the striking surface of
the hammer to the top of a cap placed securely on the nipple.
Return to Table of Contents <<Previous subsection
21298.1
PROCEDURE:
SECTION II – PROCEDURES FIREARMS HAMMER ENERGY ASSESSMENT
PROCEDURE:
FIREARMS HAMMER ENERGY ASSESSMENT
In order to ensure a hammer design provides sufficient energy to reliably initiate percussion
caps, an assessment should be made by determining the amount of compression the hammer
imparts on a .146”x.400” copper crusher. A test fixture designed to replace the percussion cap
nipple should be used which allows for insertion of the crusher and positions the end of the
crusher in approximately the same plane as the face of the percussion would be with the
manufacturer’s recommended standard nipple. Additionally, the fixture should be designed so
that the face of the hammer is parallel to the end of the crusher at the point in the hammer’s
travel where it would strike the percussion cap.
Technical
Committee
Manual
Volume VIII
MUZZLE LOADING
Section III
EQUIPMENT
22200.1
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(NOTE: Refer to individual subsections for latest revision date.)

Subsection
Subsection Title Number
Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................................22200
Equipment: Propellant Loading Tool............................................................................................22210
Equipment: Test Fixture Firing (Striker) Parts .............................................................................22220
Equipment: Drop Test Striker .......................................................................................................22290
Supplier Contact Information ........................................................................................................22299
Equipment: Breech Plug ...............................................................................................................22300
Equipment: Breech Plug for Use with 209-Type Primers ............................................................22301
Equipment: Percussion Cap Nipple ..............................................................................................22303
Equipment: Universal Receiver Collar and Test Barrel ...............................................................22305
Crusher Cylinders: Dimensions - 0.146” x 0.400” .......................................................................22308
Standard Velocity & Pressure Test Barrels
.45 Caliber ................................................................................................................................22320
.50 Caliber ................................................................................................................................22325
22210.1
EQUIPMENT:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT PROPELLANT LOADING TOOL
EQUIPMENT:
PROPELLANT LOADING TOOL
A B
25 ± 1"
Length of dowel = Actual length of tube + 2"
The tool is comprised of two parts: a wooden dowel rod (A) and a length of commercial
brass tubing (B). The outer diameter of the brass tubing should be as large as is commercially
available that will fit within the bore of the test barrel.
The diameter of the dowel is large enough to fit snugly in the brass tube and prevent the
migration of propellant into the annular space between the two parts. The diameter of the dowel
should, at the same time, be small enough to allow the dowel to move freely within the tube.
Brass is used for the outer tube (in favor of other metals) to minimize the potential for
damage to the rifling of the test barrel.
22220.1
EQUIPMENT:
EQUIPMENT: TEST FIXTURE FIRING (STRIKER) PARTS
Alternate Firing Arrangement – Parts

5
5
/16-24 UNF THRU HOLE
/16-24 UNF THRU HOLE (M8 x 1.0) .093 (2.36) PIN
(M8 x 1.0) DRILL ROD
.312 +.000
-.003
(7.92 +0.00
-0.08)
.500 +.000
-.020 .112 +.005
-.000
(12.70 +0.00
-0.51) .180 +.020 (2.84 +0.13
-0.00 )
-.020
+0.51
(4.57 -0.51 )
.500 +.000
-.020
(12.70 +0.00
-0.51)
.500 +.020 BREAK CORNERS

-.020
(12.70 +0.51
-0.51)
.250 +.000
-.010
(6.35 +0.00
-0.25 )
1.250 +.020
-.020 1
(31.75 +0.51
-0.51)
/16 (1.59) NOMINAL
BREAK CORNERS KNOCK-OUT HOLE
PLUNGER NIPPLE
PLUNGER TOP CAP SHROUD FIRING PIN
MAT’L: LOW CARBON STEEL MAT’L: LOW CARBON STEEL MAT’L: LOW CARBON STEEL
SCALE: 1X SCALE: 1X SCALE: 2X
.250±.005 x .094 (6.35±0.13 x 2.39) UNDERCUT 2 LOCATIONS

5.688 +.020 +0.51
-.020 (144.48 -0.51 )
.375 +.005
-.005
4.875 +.020
-.020 (123.83 +0.51
-0.51 ) (9.53 +0.00
-0.13)
.313 +.013
-.013 .500 +.013
-.013
(7.95 +0.33
-0.33) PLUNGER SHAFT (12.70 +0.33
-0.33 )
5 MAT’L: LOW CARBON STEEL 5

/16-24 UNF (M8 x 1.0) /16-24 UNF (M8 x 1.0)
SCALE: 1X
22220.2
EQUIPMENT:
EQUIPMENT: TEST FIXTURE FIRING (STRIKER) PARTS (Cont’d)

10-24 UNC (M5 x 0.8)
THRU HOLE R .195 +.015 +0.38
-.000 (9.91 -0.00) .094 +.005
-.000
(2.39 +0.08
-0.03)
[MUST SLIP FIT

TO FIRING PIN]
1.250 +.015
-.015
(31.75 +0.38
-0.38 )
.625 +.010
-.010
.062 +.010
-.000
(15.88 +0.25
-0.25 )
(1.57 +0.25
-0.00 )
R .625 +.007 +0.18

-.007 (15.88 -0.18 )
1.000 +.015
-.015
(25.40 +0.38
-0.38) .625 +.010
-.010
2.000 +.030
-.030 (15.88 +0.25
-0.25 )
(50.80 +0.76
-0.76)
PLUNGER RELEASE BLOCK

MAT’L: DELRIN SCALE: 1X
5
/16-24 UNF .625 +.010
-.010
(15.88 +0.25
-0.25)
(M8 x 1.0)
1.000 +.015
-.015 FULL THREADS
(25.40 +0.38
-0.38 ) TO ½” MIN DEPTH
FIRING PIN RETAINER
MAT’L: LOW CARBON STEEL
.750 +.015
-.015 1.000 +.015
-.015
SCALE: 2X
(19.05 +0.38
-0.38) (25.40 +0.38
-0.38 )
.500 +.008
-.008
(12.70 +0.20
-0.20)
.375 +.008
-.008
(9.53 +0.20
-0.20)
1.500 +.015
-.015
(38.10 +0.38
-0.38 ) 3
/8-16 UNC (M10 x 1.5) THRU HOLES
3.000 +.015
-.015
(76.20 +0.38
-0.38 ) PLUNGER GUIDE
SCALE: 1X
.376 +.005
-.000
(9.53 +0.13
-0.00)
DRILL
THRU .375 +.008
-.008
(9.53 +0.20
-0.20 )
22220.3
EQUIPMENT:
EQUIPMENT: TEST FIXTURE FIRING (STRIKER) PARTS (Cont’d)

HARDWARE ITEM
1.375 +.015
-.015
½” (12.7) NOMINAL O.D.
(34.93 +0.38
-0.38)
.055" (1.40) WIRE
.375 +.008
-.008
(9.53 +0.20
-0.20)
3½” (89) NOMINAL FREE LENGTH
SPRING CONSTANT: 5-6 LBf/IN
(0.9-1.1 KGf/CM)
2.000 +.015
FIRING SPRING
-.015
(50.80 +0.38 MAT’L: SPRING STEEL
-0.38)
SCALE: N/A
MOUNTING BRACKET
.375 +.015
-.015 SCALE: 1X
(9.53 +0.38
-0.38)
.625 +.008
-.008
.375 +.008
-.008
(15.88+0.20
-0.20 )
(9.53 +0.20
-0.20)
.375 +.008
-.008
(9.53 +0.20
-0.20)
.390 +.003
-.001
2.250 +.008
-.008
(9.91 +0.08
-0.03)
(57.15 +0.20
-0.20 ) DRILL
THRU
.390 +.003
-.001 4.000 +.015
-.015
(9.91 +0.08
-0.03) (57.15 +0.38
-0.38 )
DRILL
THRU
1.375 +.008
-.008
.875 +.008
-.008
(34.93 +0.20
-0.20 )
(22.23 +0.20
-0.20 )
1.000 +.015
-.015
(25.40 +0.38
-0.38 )
.375 +.008
-.008 31° 36' 27"
(9.53 +0.20
-0.20) REFERENCE
.625 +.008
-.008
(15.88+0.20
-0.20 )
22290.1
EQUIPMENT
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT DROP TEST STRIKER
EQUIPMENT:
DROP TEST STRIKER
Detail of Striking surface
0.150" ± 0.003"
(3.81 ± 0.08)
4° 0.241" ± 0.003"
(6.12 ± 0.08)
NOTES:
1. In a falling mass test system, the nominal striker weight is 200 grains.
2. The falling mass should be a commercially available steel ball approximately 1.1875”
[13/16”] (30.16) diameter weighing 3.94 ± 0.02 ounces [111.7 ± 0.57 grams].
3. In a falling hammer test system, the total mass of the falling weight (including integral
striker) should be 3.94 ± 0.02 ounces [111.7 ± 0.57 grams].
4. (XX.XX) = millimeters.
22299.1
P.2 > P.3 > P.4 >
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT SUPPLIER CONTACT INFORMATION
SUPPLIER CONTACT INFORMATION
The following listing provides current contact information for the SAAMI Technical Office and
member companies that supply reference components or are recommended equipment sources.
SAAMI Technical Office .......................................................................................SAAMI Information

11 Mile Hill Road
Newtown, CT 06470
Phone: 203-426-1320
Fax:
E-mail:
Website: www.saami.org
Bartlein Barrels, Inc. ................................................................................................ V&P test barrels

W208 N16939 Center Street
Jackson, Wisconsin 53037
Phone: 262-649-1574
Fax: 262-677-9225
E-mail: info@bartleinbarrels.com
Website: bartleinbarrels.com
Bill Wiseman & Co. .................................................................................................. V&P test barrels

Mr. Bill Wiseman
18456 State Highway 6 South
College Station, Texas 77845
Phone: 979-690-3456
Fax: 979-690-0156
E-mail: w.w.wiseman1942@gmail.com
Website:
Cannatech ......................................................................................................Universal Receiver parts

Mr. Martin Concannon
15 Spring Hollow Road
Erial, New Jersey 08081
Phone: 856-629-7416
Fax: 856-875-0592
E-mail:
Website:
CCI/Speer - ATK (Ammunition Accessories Inc.) .............................. Test Components/Propellants

CCI-Speer Operations
SAAMI Sales Coordinator
2299 Snake River Avenue
Lewiston, Idaho 83501
Phone: 800-256-8685
Fax: 866-665-2738
E-Mail:
Website: www.cci-ammunition.com
22299.2
< P.1 P.3 > P.4 >
Federal Cartridge Company ................................................................ Test Components/Propellants

Customer Service
900 Bob Ehlen Drive
Anoka, Minnesota 55303
Phone: 800-322-2342
Fax: 800-424-3291
E-mail:
Website: www.federalpremium.com
Fluke .................................................................................................................................... Electronics

6920 Seaway Boulevard
Everett, Washington 98206
Phone: 800-443-5853
Fax: 425-446-5116
E-mail:
Website: www.fluke.com
H-S Precision ............................................................................................................. V&P test barrels

Mr. Tom Houghton
1301 Turbine Drive
Rapid City, South Dakota 57703
Phone: 605-341-3006
Fax: 605-342-8964
E-mail:
Website: www.hsprecision.com
Hart Rifle Barrels, Inc. ............................................................................................. V&P test barrels

P.O. Box 182, 1690 Apulia Road
LaFayette, NY 13084
Phone: 315-677-9841
Fax: 315-677-9610
E-mail:
Website: www.hartbarrels.com
Hodgdon Powder Co., Inc. ................................................................... Test Components/Propellants

6231 Robinson
Mission, Kansas 66202
Phone: 913-362-9455
Fax: 913-362-1307
E-mail:
Website: www.hodgdon.com
22299.3
< P.1 < P.2 P.4 >
Hornady Manufacturing Company ..................................................... Test Components/Propellants

Marty Van Hoosen
3625 Old Potash Highway
Grand Island, Nebraska 68802
Phone: 308-382-1390
Fax: 308-382-5761
E-mail:
Website: www.hornady.com
Krieger Barrels Inc. .................................................................................................. V&P test barrels

2024 Mayfield Road
Richfield, WI 53076
Phone: 262-628-8558
Fax: 262-628-8748
E-mail:
Website: www.kriegerbarrels.com
Oehler Research ................................................................................................................. Electronics

PO Box 9135
Austin, Texas 78766
Phone: 516-327-6900
800-531-5125
Fax: 516-327-6903
E-mail:
Website: www-oehler-research.com
PCB Piezotronics ............................................................. Piezoelectric pressure gauges and supplies

3425 Walden Avenue
Depew, New York 14043
Phone: 716-648-0001
Fax: 716-648-0987
E-mail: sales@pcb.com
Website: www.pcb.com
Remington Arms Company, Inc. ......................................................... Test Components/Propellants

Ms. Carey Ballard
870 Remington Drive
Madison, North Carolina 27025
Phone: 800-943-9700
Fax:
E-mail: carey.ballard@remington.com
Website: www.remington.com
22299.4
< P.1 < P.2 < P.3
Satern Custom Machining, Inc. ............................................................................... V&P test barrels

Ms. Deb Satern
MAIL:
320 W 5th Avenue N
Estherville, IA 51334
SHIPPING:
33 S 18th Street, Estherville, IA 51334
Phone: 712-362-4991
Fax: 952-216-6045
E-mail: sales@saternmachining.com
Website: saternmachining.com
Ulysses Machine Company ...........................................................................Universal Receiver parts

620 Creek Road
Bellmawr, New Jersey 08031
Phone: 856-931-2036
Fax: 856-931-5573
E-mail: ulysses6373@verizon.net
Website: ulyssesmachine.com
Wilson Arms .............................................................................................................. V&P test barrels

63 Leetes Road
Branford, Connecticut 06405
Phone: 203-488-7297
Fax: 203-488-0135
E-mail:
Website:
22300.1
EQUIPMENT:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT BREECH PLUG
22301.1
Pg 2>>
EQUIPMENT:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT BREECH PLUG FOR USE WITH 209-TYPE PRIMERS
.031 + .002
(0.79 + 0.05)
DO NOT SCALE FROM

.435 HEX DRAWING
(11.05)
.244 + .002 .119 + .002

(6.20 + 0.05) (3.02 + 0.05)
118°
TYPICAL 209-TYPE
PRIMER FOR 11/16 –20 UN-2A
ILLUSTRATION ONLY M18 –1.25
.03 (0.76) R
.200 (5.08) .145 (3.68)

.370
(9.40)
.659
(16.74)
.140 (3.56) .100 (2.54)
SPHER .250 (6.35) R .625

(15.88)
.015 (0.38) R MAX
NOTES:
THIS BREECH PLUG IS DESIGNED TO POSITION THE PRIMER BATTERY CUP FLANGE FOR USE
WITH A STANDARD UNIVERSAL RECEIVER BREECH BLOCK ASSEMBLY IN A BARREL WITH A
.752" (19.10 mm) BREECH PLUG COUNTER-BORE DEPTH.
SEE PAGE 22301.2 FOR A 209-TYPE PRIMER BREECH PLUG FOR USE WITH THE ALTERNATE ,
EXTERNAL FIRING SYSTEM DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION 22220.
(XX.XX) = MILLIMETERS
22301.2
<<Pg 1
EQUIPMENT:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT BREECH PLUG FOR USE WITH 209-TYPE PRIMERS
.031 + .002
(0.79 + 0.05)
.435 HEX DO NOT SCALE

(11.05) FROM DRAWING
.244 + .002 .119 + .002

(6.20 + 0.05) (3.02 + 0.05)
TYPICAL 209-TYPE PRIMER FOR ILLUSTRATION ONLY
118°
11/16 –20 UN-2A

.03 (0.76) R M18 –1.25
.160 (4.06) .185 (4.70)
.485
(12.32) .760
(19.30)
.140 (3.56) .100 (2.54)
SPHER .250 (6.35) R .625

(15.88)
.015 (0.38) R MAX
NOTES:
THIS BREECH PLUG IS DESIGNED TO POSITION THE PRIMER BATTERY CUP FLANGE FOR USE
WITH THE ALTERNATE, EXTERNAL FIRING SYSTEM DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION 22220 IN A
BARREL WITH A .752" (19.10 mm) BREECH PLUG COUNTER-BORE DEPTH.
SEE PAGE 22301.1 FOR A 209-TYPE PRIMER BREECH PLUG FOR USE WITH A STANDARD
UNIVERSAL RECEIVER BREECH BLOCK ASSEMBLY .
22303.1
EQUIPMENT:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT PERCUSSION CAP NIPPLE
.200 (5.08)
.162 (4.11) TO
.312 (7.92) THEORETICAL
INTERSECTION
.005 (0.13)
MAX CHAMFER
.010 (0.25) R
.100 (2.54) ±.005
.068 T.P.I.
INCLUDED
.020 (0.51) R
.650 REF
(16.51)
.455
.020 R TYP (11.56)
(0.51) .235 .175 (4.45) REF
(5.97) TO THEORETICAL
.080 (2.03) TYP INTERSECTION
.050 (1.27)
.195
(4.95)
.120 (3.05)
¼ - 28 UNF-2A
.033 +.003 +.08
-.000 (0.84 -.00 )
.015 (0.38) X 45°
.200 (5.08) CHAMFER
SCALE: 3:1
1" AT SCALE
NOTES:
UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED: ALL DIAMETERS ±.005 (0.13),
LENGTH TOLERANCE ±.005 (0.13).
22305.1
EQUIPMENT:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT UNIVERSAL RECEIVER COLLAR & TEST BARREL
EQUIPMENT:
UNIVERSAL RECEIVER COLLAR & TEST BARREL
.625 0.948 (24.08)

(15.88) 0.950 (24.13)
0.252 (6.40)
0.253 (6.43) 0.281 (7.14)
Keyway
0.187
(4.75)
0.380
(9.65)
FOR DETAIL INFORMATION SEE FOLLOWING SHEET
NOTE: (XX.XX) = Millimeters

22305.2
EQUIPMENT:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT UNIVERSAL RECEIVER COLLAR & TEST BARREL
0.878 (22.30)
0.882 (24.40)
0.386 (9.80) 0.812

1.746 (44.35)
0.388 (9.86) (20.62)
1.748 (44.40)
2.250 (57.15)
1.996 (50.70) 2.260 (57.40)
1.998 (50.75) 1.000-12 UNF-2B
1.000-12 UNF-2A
0.875 1.250
(22.23) (31.75)
1.500 (38.10)
2.250 (57.15)
2.260 (57.40)
AS SPECIFIED
L OF EXTRACTOR
C
SLOT
DRAW BARREL AND COLLAR TIGHT. MATERIAL: RESULFURIZED 4140 STEEL HEAT
TRANSDUCER HOLE AND HEAD CUTS MADE TREAT PRIOR TO MACHINING TO BRINELL
AFTER ASSEMBLY - SEE TEST BARREL DETAILS. HARDNESS 277 TO 321 (Rc 29 TO 35)
ONE-PIECE BARRELS ARE ACCEPTABLE. ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATE: 416 STAINLESS STEEL
NOTE: (XX.XX) = MILLIMETERS
22308.1
CRUSHER CYLINDERS:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT DIMENSIONS – 0.146” x 0.400”
CRUSHER CYLINDERS:
DIMENSIONS – 0.146” x 0.400”
0.1455 (3.696)
0.1470 (3.734)
0.3990 (10.135)
0.4010 (10.185)
NOTES:
1. Material: Copper Development Association Alloy 102
2. (XX.XX) = Millimeters
22320.1
EQUIPMENT:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT .45 CALIBER V&P TEST BARREL
.45 Caliber Muzzle Loading V&P Test Barrel

Issued: 01/15/2011 Revised: 08/29/2019
* NOTE: .752 DEPTH IS FOR USE WITH FIRING .0090 (0.229 ) DRILL THRU
+. 0010
-.0000
+. 0025
-.0000
MECHANISM DESCRIBED IN 22220. ACCEPTABLE .2500 +.-.0000

0010
(6.350+.-.0000
0025
) X .649 (16.48)
ALTERNATIVE IS 1.255 (31.88) DEPTH FOR USE .323 (8.20) X .389 (9.88) ; SEAL SURFACE
WITH STANDARD UNIVERSAL RECEIVER SHOULD BE FLAT AND FREE OF TOOL MARKS
63 1.6
WITH A MINIMUM OF ( ) FINISH.
SHOTSHELL FIRING PIN AND FACEPLATE. IF
.332 (8.43) X .359 (9.12)
USED, OVERALL BARREL LENGTH IS 25.255 TAP ⅜-24 UNF-2B X .318 (8.08) PERFECT THREAD
(641.48).
TRANSDUCER LOCATION C
L
FLAT
.752 NOTE* .500 .003 R MAX
(19.10) (12.70) (0.08) SCALE: 3:2
.950 (24.13)
.948 (24.08)
.075 (1.91) FROM BORE 1.250

11
/16 – 20 UN (31.75)
.290 (7.37)
.260 (6.60)
.999 (25.37)
.998 (25.35)
NOTE: ONE-PIECE
BARREL/COLLAR IS
.386 (9.80) ACCEPTABLE
.388 (9.86) ALTERNATE
2.250 (57.15)
[4.000 (101.60) ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATE LENGTH]
24.752 (628.70) NOTE *
GROOVES: 6 X .139 + .002 (3.53 + 0.05) WIDE

BORE/GROOVE DIMENSIONS: BORE .450 (11.43); GROOVE .456 (11.58)
TWIST RATE: 28.00 (711.2) R.H.
LENGTH OF RIFLED BORE: 24.000 ± .010 (609.60 ± 0.25)
DIAMETER OF PISTON HOLE: Not Applicable
TRANSDUCER DIAMETER: .250 (6.35)
LAND AND GROOVE DIMENSIONS TO BE WITHIN UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED,
TOLERANCES THROUGHOUT LENGTH OF BARREL. ALL DIAMETERS +.0005 (0.013)
LENGTH TOLERANCE + .005 (0.13)
NOTE:
B = BASIC  = REFERENCE DIMENSION = HEADSPACE DIMENSION
 DIMENSIONS ARE TO INTERSECTIONS OF LINES (XX.XX) = MILLIMETERS
Return to Table of Contents <<Previous subsection
22325.1
EQUIPMENT:
SECTION III – EQUIPMENT .50 CALIBER V&P TEST BARREL
.50 Caliber Muzzle Loading V&P Test Barrel

Issued: 01/15/2011 Revised: - -/- -/- - - -
* NOTE: .752 DEPTH IS FOR USE WITH FIRING .0090 (2.286 ) DRILL THRU
+.0010
-.0000
+.0025
-.0000
MECHANISM DESCRIBED IN 22020. ACCEPTABLE .2500 +.0010

-.0000 (6.350 -.0000) X .624 (15.85)
+.0025
ALTERNATIVE IS 1.255 (31.88) DEPTH FOR USE .323 (8.20) X .364 (9.25) ; SEAL SURFACE
WITH STANDARD UNIVERSAL RECEIVER SHOULD BE FLAT AND FREE OF TOOL MARKS
63 1.6
WITH A MINIMUM OF ( ) FINISH.
SHOTSHELL FIRING PIN AND FACEPLATE. IF
.332 (8.43) X .334 (8.48)
USED, OVERALL BARREL LENGTH IS 25.255 TAP ⅜-24 UNF-2B X .293 (7.44) PERFECT THREAD
(641.48).
TRANSDUCER LOCATION C
L
FLAT
.752 NOTE* .500 .003 R MAX
(19.10) (12.70) (0.08) SCALE: 3:2
.948 (24.08)
.950 (24.13)
.075 (1.91) FROM BORE

1.250
11
/16 – 20 UN (31.75)
.290 (7.37)
.260 (6.60)
.998 (25.35)
.999 (25.37)
NOTE: ONE-PIECE
BARREL/COLLAR IS
.386 (9.80) ACCEPTABLE
.388 (9.86) ALTERNATE
2.250 (57.15)
[4.000 (101.60) ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATE LENGTH]
24.752 (628.70) NOTE *
GROOVES:
8 X .130 + .002 (3.30 + 0.05) WIDE
BORE/GROOVE DIMENSIONS:
BORE .500 (12.70); GROOVE .508 (12.85)
TWIST RATE:
28.00 (711.2) R.H.
LENGTH OF RIFLED BORE:
24.000 ± .010 (609.60 ± 0.25)
DIAMETER OF PISTON HOLE:
Not Applicable
TRANSDUCER DIAMETER:
.250 (6.35)
LAND AND GROOVE DIMENSIONS TO BE WITHIN UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED,
TOLERANCES THROUGHOUT LENGTH OF BARREL. ALL DIAMETERS +.0005 (0.013)
LENGTH TOLERANCE + .005 (0.13)
NOTE:
B = BASIC = REFERENCE DIMENSION X = HEADSPACE DIMENSION
Technical
Committee
Manual
Volume VII
MUZZLE LOADING
Section IV
PROOFING
23200.1
SECTION IV – PROOFING TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Latest
Subsection Revision
Subsection Title Number Date
Table of Contents........................................................................................ 23200 ............... 07/02/2011
Definition .................................................................................................... 23210 ............... 07/02/2011
Return to Table of Contents
23210.1
SECTION IV – PROOFING DEFINITION

DEFINITION
Proofing of 50 caliber in-line rifles offered with, or recommended by the manufacturer for
conversion to, an ignition system based on a 209-type shotshell primer may be done with a load to
produce a minimum of a 130% overload from expected service loads. Based on data previously
generated, the maximum expected service load would produce 27,000 psi when tested in a standard
V&P test barrel. To simplify the proofing process and eliminate maintenance of inventory of
qualified components, the load which produced an average 39,100 psi (~145% overload) can be
used. Normal variation in these components may influence pressure, but not to the point where the
average would drop below the target 130% minimum in a test barrel.
The specific components for proof testing are listed in another subsection of this section and can be
obtained directly from the appropriate manufacturer.
NOTE: Proof testing of muzzle loading arms should be performed during the development stages
of such products. Production proof testing or sample proof testing is at the sole discretion of the
manufacturer.

Volume XII - Muzzle Loading

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Volume XII - Muzzle Loading

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Return to Main Index

2023. Unpublished work by the Sporting Arms &

PAGE NUMBERING SYSTEM

THE S.A.A.M.I. AMMUNITION TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MANUAL is divided into fourteen

CENTERFIRE PISTOL & REVOLVER

CARTRIDGES & CHAMBERS

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000 20200 20400 20600

2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 21000 21400 21400 21600

3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 22000 22200 22400 22600

5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 Reserved 24200 Reserved Reserved

SECTION I – CHARACTERISTICS TABLE OF CONTENTS

No Failure Height No Explosion Height

No 11 PERCUSSION CAP AND NIPPLE

MAX. SURFACE AREA =

US MUSKET CAP NIPPLE

.225 + .003 MAX. CHAMFER .025 (0.64)

MAX. SURFACE AREA =

SECTION II – PROCEDURES TABLE OF CONTENTS

(NOTE: Refer to individual subsections for latest revision date.)

1. Velocities and pressures should be measured simultaneously.

g. Piezo gauge manufacturer and serial or ID number.

VELOCITY & PRESSURE BARRELS:

VELOCITY & PRESSURE BARRELS:

ITEM TYPE ALTERNATE

1. Digital Voltmeter Fluke, Model 8440 or equivalent

ITEM TYPE ALTERNATE

1. Charge Amplifier PCB, Model 462B52 or equivalent

II. EQUIPMENT PREPARATION

A. All instruments should be operational and calibrated per manufacturer specification.

III. TRANSDUCER INITIALIZATION

C. Allow oven to return to ambient temperature at a slow rate.

E. Place protective caps on transducer and cable connectors to prevent contamination.

IV. TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION

1. Turn on the electronic equipment and allow it to stabilize as recommended by the

5. Care must be exercised to obtain correct depth. Depth adjustment is accomplished by

6. Mount calibration adapter with transducer on the calibrator.

7. Connect transducer and instrumentation as indicated in subsection 2835.

9. Set DVM to 10-volt range.

1. Adjust Heise readout indicator to 0 psi with no pressure on hydraulic lines.

2. Reset charge amplifier and DVM to obtain zero volts output.

5. After reaching 30,000 psi, release the pressure slowly.

6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 a minimum of three (3) times.

CAUTION: Always increase pressure to desired level, never decrease pressure to

4. Charge amplifier sensitivity.

5. Least square line equation.

7. Date of next calibration.

A. PRESSURE BARREL PREPARATION

1. Refer to the SAAMI recommended piezo pressure transducer installation in a pressure

1. Turn on the electronic equipment and allow it to stabilize as recommended by the

5. Connect equipment as shown in subsection 2840.

Low Noise Cable RG-58/u Coax

Transducer Charge Digital

Low Noise Cable RG-58/u Coax

Pressure Test Charge Digital

Low Noise Cable

Pressure Test Charge Peak Digital

OUTPUT vs. PRESSURE

 Percussion caps – 100 pieces

 Propellant – One (1) pound

II. METHOD OF ASSESSMENT – NEW LOTS

2. Counter-chronographs and photoelectric screens shall be used in velocity measurements.

NEW REFERENCE LOT REPORTING FORM AND INSTRUCTIONS

SUBJECT: T-4027 Reference Ammunition – Muzzleloading

COMPONENT: ______________ Lot No. _

Projectile Type: ____ lot #

Propellant Type: ____ lot #