MODELING PROCEDURES

S CHEMATIC D ESIGN
1. Review all available documents (owner’s requirements, narratives,
drawings). Extract known data, document assumptions.
2. Compile schedules, lighting power density (LPD), and equipment power
density (EPD) design data for team to review, get info for ASHRAE fan
power calculation (filters, sound attenuation, etc.)
3. Evaluate those things that can’t be modeled with alternative methods
(e.g., thermodynamic equivalent, spreadsheet, 8760 schedule, etc.)
4. Evaluate impact of change from “reference” to “technical potential”
5. Define several HVAC alternatives
6. Expand EEMs to include synergistic elements
7. Make series of runs that include one EEM at a time to facilitate quality
control
8. Define packages to cover range of targets
9. Check results against metrics (site, plant, end-use) and targets
33

33

MODELING PROCEDURES
S CHEMATIC D ESIGN
Items Considered
Original
Schedule: 2am - 7pm (class C)
DIN EN 15232
Thermostat (efficiency class B) Warehouse: 20°C (24hrs)
Office: 20°C /15.6°C (heating)
24°C / 26.7°C (Cooling)
Schedule: 4am - 5pm 30%
Lighting Control night office
Warehouse lights run 24hr
Storage: 3 ach
Tightening and sealing the Office: 0.001133 m³/s . m²
EEM Details
Building
EEM
Schedule: 3am - 5pm (class B) DIN EN 15232
Warehouse: 13°C (24hrs)
Office: 26°C / 30°C (cooling)
Schedule: follow occupancy, 5% at night
ASHRAE
(warehouse remain the same)
Storage: 0.4 ach
Office: 0.4 ach

building envelop
Additional insulation w here
we can (roof/walls)
Window Replacement /
improvement
Lower Lighitng Levels
(Design Guide)
Lighting Controls (Da ylight /
Occupa ncy)
Improved fan efficiencies
and control
exterior surface Leakage test protocol for buidling envelops v3
2012
Wall: Double brick air gap Wall: Insulation in the gap or interior
gypsum insulation (addition of 4in)
Roof: Metal Decking Roof: addition of 12in
Single glazed 3.5 W/m².K addition of double glazed low E unit on the
inside 2 W/m².K
Office 7.5W/m²
Warehouse 3.34 W/m² Office Corridors 5.4W/m²
11.8 W/m² Server Rooms 7.5W/m²
Warehouse: 5.4W/m²
none Daylight sensors added where possible
Constant Volume Variable volume
eff 0.55 0.65

System Comparisons
COMPARIS ON OF T HE S YSTEMS
Improved Pump Efficiencies none for cooling

Rese t controls on the Chiller None

Variable high efficiency
As ASHRAE 90.1 2007
140
AHU checks temperature every 30 minutes
Night Cycle Control None
and cycles on if necessary at night
Variable fan for Warehouse,
120 3%
90 kBtu/ft2 HVAC Replaceme nt DX cooling DOAS system with Heat exchanger - individual
zone conditioning w/cental chiller
Solar Thermal Could use Solar thermal to feed into radiant
Energy Use Intensity kBtu/ft²

n/a
100 (for SHW needs) systems
Annual Energy Use

58.4 kBtu/ft² 61.8 kBtu/ft² 34%

80 2
51% 50%

60 Interior Equipment 4
20.4 kBtu/ft²
33.1 kBtu/ft²
Interior Lighting 57 kBtu/ft2
19.8 kBtu/ft²
18.8 kBtu/ft² 18.9 kBtu/ft²
40 Fans
8.4 kBtu/ft² 8.4 kBtu/ft² 8.3 kBtu/ft²
12.4 kBtu/ft² 12.6 kBtu/ft² Pumps
7.2 kBtu/ft² 7.3 kBtu/ft² 6.2 kBtu/ft²
20 6.6 kBtu/ft² 6.4 kBtu/ft² 5.1 kBtu/ft² 5. kBtu/ft² 5.6 kBtu/ft²
Cooling
8.6 kBtu/ft² 8.6 kBtu/ft² 8.6 kBtu/ft² 8.6 kBtu/ft² 8.6 kBtu/ft²

8. kBtu/ft² 8. kBtu/ft² 8. kBtu/ft² 8. kBtu/ft² 8. kBtu/ft²

Heating 1 3 5
- Current Technical Potential Implementable
1a - VAV

1b - VAV

DualDuct /

DualDuct /

Radiant /
3 - DOAS
2b - DOAS

Energy Use
2 - DOAS

30 kBtu/ft2 Minimum
DTU
FCU

FCU

Technical Potential Constraints 34

34

17