INGLÉS
Inglés
PRONOUNS
PRÁCTICA DE CLASE
PASSAGE 1
My friend Mathew has a very hectic life. For
starters, he has three jobs. In the morning he
works as a teacher, in the afternoon as a taxi driver
and at night as a singer. Mathew wakes up at 4 am,
he takes a shower, gets dressed and goes to
school. He doesn’t have time for breakfast at
home so he has breakfast at school. Mathew
teaches 5th grade. He loves children so enjoys his
work.
At 12:30 Mathew always has lunch with his
coworkers. Then he goes to his father’s house to
pick up his father’s taxi and begins working as a
taxi driver. He is a good driver and likes talking to
passengers about politics and sports. Mathew has
a rock band; at night the band plays some music at
a local bar. After singing for two hours, he goes
back home, has dinner and watches a little TV.
Mathew’s wife is pregnant; so he will quit two of
his jobs soon. He wants to share a lot of time with
his family in the future.
1. What is the topic?
A) Mathew’s biography
B) Mathew's routine
C) Mathew's future
D) Mathew's work
E) Matthew's weekends
2. What is the contextual synonym of the word
HECTIC?
A) Intelligent.
B) Peaceful.
C) Frenetic.
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Semana
D) Crazy.
E) Feverous.
3. It is incompatible to affirm that Matthew will
acquire additional work when his wife gives birth,
because
A) his wife is worried about the expenses that are
coming.
B) he plans to keep two of his jobs once his baby is
born.
C) the expenses for the birth of his firstborn will be
high.
D) for him to give up his work is not an option at
this time.
E) he plans to give up two of his jobs to be with his
family.
4. About Mathew we can infer that
A) is a cultured and educated person with
everyone.
B) for him, work has a higher priority than his
family.
C) he have a distant relationship with their
parents.
D) for him, abandoning his jobs represents a
sacrifice.
E) he performs his three jobs with much boredom.
5.If Matthew's wife was pregnant with twins, then
A) undoubtedly, Mathew would give up all his
works.
B) after his wife gives birth, she must also work at
day.
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C) definitely, you will not be able to abandon any
work.
D) possibly, he is still thinking about giving up two
jobs.
E) he will continue to have lunch every day with his
father.
PASSAGE 2
Avatar is a 2009 science fiction film directed by
James Cameron. The movie takes place on a
distant moon called Pandora, which orbits a large,
gas planet. Humans move to the moon to extract
a natural resource they call «unobtanium». As
humans begin to mine the planet, a native species
fights against them. The humans attempt to learn
more about the species by building a clone that
can connect to the mind of an operator.
The concept is similar to driving a car by remote
control. Jake Sully, the person selected to run the
avatar, however, becomes sympathetic to the
alien beings living there and turns against the
humans. The film earned praise from critics and
audiences. During its theatrical release, it earned
more money at the box office than any other film
before it.
6. Whats is the main idea of the reading?
A) Avatar is a successful science fiction movie
whose plot takes place on a moon called Pandora.
B) From the story of the films directed by James
Cameron, Avatar has been the highest grossing.
C) The fight for the survival of the aliens against
humans seeking «unobtanium» in Pandora.
D) The dilemma of Jake Sully between helping
humans in their plans or protecting alien beings.
E) The recognition of Director James Cameron
comes from the box office success of the movie
Avatar.
7. The word CONNECT connotes
A) join.
B) compel.
C) force.
D) control.
E) soften
8. Determine the false sentence about Avatar.
A) Is a science fiction movie released in the year
2009.
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INGLÉS
B) Jake Sully is a main character in the plot of the
film.
C) It was harshly criticized by the spectator
audience.
D) Pandora is the moon that orbits a large gas
planet.
E) In the movie, aliens and humans can get along.
9. About the «unobtanium» it is possible to infer
that
A) its equivalent on earth is gold.
B) is a source of energy in Pandora.
C) the aliens commercialized it.
D) the humans took him to Pandora.
E) it is valuable for human beings.
10. If humans had not been interested in
Pandora's resources, then
A) they would have made alliances with the
Pandora aliens.
B) definitely, they would still have fought against
the aliens.
C) they would continue looking for «unobtanium»
on other planets.
D) possibly, they would not have sent Jake Sully to
Pandora.
E) the «unobtanium» of Pandora would never
have been exhausted.
PASSAGE 3
Both artificial intelligence and robotics have
been improving over the past few years. Large
companies are betting billions that in the near
future we will have cars that can drive themselves,
drones that can fly themselves to deliver
packages, automatic fast food chefs, AI personal
assistants, manufacturing robots that can train
themselves, and other robots.
What happens if a new technology causes
millions to lose their jobs in a short period of
time, or what if most companies simply no
longer need many human workers?
In the United States, the current society is built
on the premise that companies and government
need human workers to function, and most able
bodied adults can perform tasks companies would
pay for. Everything is based on this premise: from
the way we design our transit systems to allow for
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 INGLÉS
daily commutes to work, to how we structure
health insurance and how set monetary policy.
One of the most important policy decisions
based around this concept of mass employment is
how the government is funded. Roughly 80
percent of all federal tax revenue comes from
income or payroll taxes. If even a modest segment
of workers are displaced, the impact on
government budgets could be substantial.
To deal with this possible problem the world’s
richest man, Bill Gates, has floated the idea of a
robot tax. Gates has suggested we tax robots at a
rate similar to what we would’ve taxed the
workers so tax revenue could pay for more
employment in education and elder care. The idea
is also to slow down the speed of the technology’s
adoption, to give society more time to adjust.
11. What is the best summarize?
A) The adoption of artificial intelligence and
robotics in jobs will generate a negative impact on
the way governments obtain money to finance
public budgets, because workers won’t pay taxes.
B) According to Gates, the robot tax would serve
to mitigate the impact on budgets, slow down the
adoption of technology in jobs, and allow workers
to adjust to the new situation.
C) The automation of the different jobs, which
humans used to do, will allow robots to be more
efficient in production, which is why large
companies are betting a lot of money on
automation.
D) Current societies are based on human work that
is done by physically capable adults, who receive a
stipend; consequently, they pay taxes that
governments collect to finance themselves.
E) Bill Gates, has argued that robots have to pay
taxes like humans, so the adoption of robots in
jobs will be paralyzed to preserve the current
economic and social organization.
12. The phrase OTHER ROBOTS implies
A) new ways in which all robots with AI work for a
salary.
B) the production of robots with better human
intelligence.
C) other potential jobs in which robots could be
adopted.
D) the total destruction of current forms of
automatic work.
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E) the competition of humans versus robots for
paid jobs.
13. It is inferred that one way to adapt to
technological changes in jobs is
A) to elect Bill Gates as president.
B) to dedicate time to practice sports.
C) to live doing absolutely nothing.
D) to destroy all robots that steal jobs.
E) to find other forms of employment.
14. It is incompatible to argue that the economy of
a country
A) will be transformed once humans have to stop
working because of robots.
B) will be damaged when political reforms do not
harmonize with labor reforms.
C) will be damaged political reforms do not march
in line with labor reforms.
D) is independent of technological developments
and the political constitution.
E) can be enhanced or slow down by the
developments of robotic technologies.
15. If the robots were designed only to
complement and improve human work, then
A) humans would be totally harmed by the
dependence of robots.
B) humans could evolve successfully into another
higher phase.
C) the labor problems of humans would cease to
exist totally.
D) to think that robots would have to "pay taxes"
would be illogical.
E) robots should also tax when they are adopted
by humans in jobs.
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ACTIVIDAD DOMICILIARA
PASSAGE 1
"Luddite" is a term that was coined in the 19th
century to refer labor movement that railed
against the economic fallout of the Industrial
Revolution. The original Luddites were British
weavers and textile workers who objected to the
increased use of automated looms and knitting
frames. Most were trained artisans who had spent
years learning their craft, and they feared that
unskilled machine operators were robbing them of
their livelihood. When their appeals for
government aid and assistance were ignored, a
few desperate weavers began breaking into
factories and smashing textile machines. They
called themselves “Luddites” after Ned Ludd, a
young apprentice who was rumored to have
wrecked a textile apparatus in the late-18th
century. There’s no evidence Ludd actually
existed—like Robin Hood, he was said to reside in
Sherwood Forest—but he eventually became the
mythical leader of the movement. The vandals
claimed to be following orders from “General
Ludd,” and they even issued manifestoes and
threatening letters under his name.
The first major instances of machine breaking
took place in 1811 in Nottingham, and the practice
soon spread across the English countryside.
Sledgehammer-wielding Luddites attacked and
burned factories, and in some cases they even
exchanged gunfire with company guards and
soldiers. The workers hoped their raids would
encourage a ban on weaving machines, but the
British government instead moved to quash the
uprisings by making machine breaking punishable
by death. The unrest finally reached its peak in
April 1812, when a few Luddites were gunned
down during an attack on a mill near Huddersfield.
The army rounded up many of the dissidents in the
days that followed, and dozens were hanged or
transported to Australia. By 1813, the Luddite
resistance had all but vanished.
1. What is the subject?
A) The movement of General Ludd
B) The destruction of textile machines
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INGLÉS
C) The technophobia in the 17th century
D) The history of the Luddite movement
E) The biography of General Ludd
2. The verb COIN implies
A) the origin of a movement.
B) the fight against dismissals.
C) a new way of producing.
D) struggle for labor demands.
E) the creation of a concept
3. It can be plausibly inferred that the British
government crushed the Luddite revolt
because
A) it was tolerant of pro-proletarian movements.
B) it conceived that the law is above all the English.
C) it understood that they were intolerant of
technology.
D) the demands of they characters were quite
unfair.
E) it preferred to favor the bosses of the big
industries.
4. It is incompatible with reading to say that the
Luddites emerged to support the introduction of
new technology in industries, because
A) they chose to destroy those machines with the
aim of not dismissing them from their jobs.
B) they were supported by the British government
with fair labor reforms that prevented mass
layoffs.
C) they organized with the bosses to perfect the
new ways of producing during the Industrial
Revolution.
D) the capitalists assured that they would respect
the jobs and wages of all industrial workers.
E) the British government opposed the
introduction of automatic textiles into the
factories of England.
5. If the British government of the 19th century
had privileged the craft work of textile workers
and weavers, then
A) the large-scale capitalist form of production
would not have developed in England.
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 INGLÉS
B) workers and capitalists could have worked
harmoniously in industrial factories.
C) England would inevitably have become a
communist state ruled by the proletarians.
D) General Ned Ludd would not have had to live
hidden in the Sherwood forest.
E) the British government would have laid the
foundations of English human capitalism.
PASSAGE 2
Imagine that you had to remove your appendix to
live in your hometown, and your family had to do
the same. That is the only option for long-term
residents ―even the children― of Villa Las
Estrellas, one of the few settlements in Antarctica
where some people live for years rather than
weeks or months. Appendix removal is a necessary
precaution for the handful of people who stay
longer-term because the nearest major hospital is
more than 1,000km (625 miles) away, past the tip
of King George Island, one of the Antarctic islands
in which Villa Las Estrellas is located. There are
only a few doctors on base, and none are specialist
surgeons.
6. What is the central topic of the reading?
A) The precautions that villagers of Villa Las
Estrellas have to take
B) Appendix removal as a requirement to live in an
Antarctic village
C) Extreme living conditions of people who do not
have any doctor
D) An isolated village who is far away from its
nearest major hospital
E) The relevance of removing your appendix in
King George Island
7. What is the contextual antonym of HANDFUL?
A) lot
B) some
C) group
D) piece
E) few
8. About the settlement Villa Las Estrellas, it is true
that
A) its temperature in a regular day is near absolute
zero.
B) their villagers usually have some appendix
problems.
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C) it is the only village in the whole King George
island.
D) its living conditions are not the appropriate for
people.
E) it is a place in which a few amount of doctors
live there.
9. It can be inferred from the residents of Villa Las
Estrellas that
A) only the older people of this settlement had an
appendix surgery.
B) those who stay short time can keep their
appendix if they want.
C) a few of them like to visit other villages more
than 625 miles away.
D) the majority of them is composed of scientist
some researchers.
E) they can live in that place for years rather than
weeks or months.
10. If the longest distance from one end of the King
George Island to the other were only 50 km, then
A) the mainly reason would be the global warming
and its big consequences.
B) it would not be necessary for residents to travel
long distances to work.
C) a major hospital built in the island would make
appendix removal optional.
D) it would only be space for one or two
settlements like Villa Las Estrellas.
E) building a hospital past the tip of this island
would be ideal for residents.
PASSAGE 3
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the world’s
largest collection of floating trash— and the most
famous. It lies between Hawaii and California and
is often described as “larger than Texas,” even
though it does not contain any surface to stand. It
cannot be seen from space, as is often claimed.
The patch was discovered in 1997 by Charles
Moore, a yachtsman who had sailed through a mix
of floating plastic bottles and other debris on his
way home to Los Angeles. It was named by Curtis
Ebbesmeyer, a Seattle oceanographer known for
his expertise in tracking ocean currents and the
movement of cargo lost overboard. The patch is
now the target of a $32 million cleanup campaign
launched by a Dutch teenager, Boyan Slat, now 23,
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 INGLÉS

and head of the Ocean Cleanup, the organization
he founded to do the job.
11. What is the main idea of the reading?
A) The oceanographer Curtis Ebbesmeyer explains
us how he found a trash island.
B) The Great Pacific Garbage Patch was found by
the yachtsman Charles Moore.
C) There is a patch composed of plastic bottles and
debris that worries many people.
D) There are some organizations interested in
cleaning the ocean like Boyan Slat.
E) The largest collection of floating trash is called
the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
15. If no organization were interested in trying to
deal with all the plastic and debris that the Great
Pacific Garbage Patch has, then
A) the scientists would need to replace plastic and
create a new material.
B) the life on earth would probably be impossible
in a couple of decades.
C) the size of this patch would probably continue
growing without stopping.
D) the people of Hawaii and California would
become aware of the patch.
E) the patch would start to be seen in space
because its huge extension.

12. In the 2nd line, the word LIES implies

A) rest
B) place
C) fiction
D) dishonesty
E) leisure

13. According to the information about Great

Pacific Garbage Patch, it is inconsistent to argue
that
A) it is larger than Texas, but its extension is not
big enough to be seen in space.
B) it was discovered by a yachtsman who was
going back home to Los Angeles.
C) it is an island exclusively composed of plastic
bottles and some plastic debris.
D) it would probably cost a great amount of money
to try to clean the whole patch.
E) its name was given by Curtis Ebbesmeyer, an
expert oceanographer from Seattle.

14. We can infer from the Ocean Cleanup

organization that
A) it is taking the Great Pacific Garbage Patch as
the target of a cleanup campaign.
B) it is supported by ecologists and individuals who
want an ocean free of plastic.
C) it launched an expensive campaign related to
the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
D) it was founded by Boyan Slat, a Dutch teenager
now head of the organization.
E) it is very interested in deal with the huge
amount of garbage that the patch has.

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