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DP Operator Manual
DP Operator Manual
DP Operator Manual
Release 8.2
385575/D
June 2015 © Kongsberg Maritime AS
Document history
Document number: 385575
This version describes the operation of the K-Pos DP at basis
Rev. A March 2014
software release 8.2.0.
This version describes the operation of the K-Pos DP at basis
Rev. B April 2014
software release 8.2.0. Updated for Class ER.
This version describes the operation of the K-Pos DP at basis
Rev. C June 2014
software release 8.2.1.
This version describes the operation of the K-Pos DP at basis
Rev. D June 2015
software release 8.2.1. Updated missing references.
The reader
This operator manual is intended as a reference manual for the system operator. This manual is based on
the assumption that the system operator is an experienced DP operator with good understanding of basic
DP principles and general DP operation. If this is not the case, then the operator should first attend the
appropriate Kongsberg Maritime training courses.
Note
The information contained in this document remains the sole property of Kongsberg Maritime AS. No
part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means, and the information
contained within it is not to be communicated to a third party, without the prior written consent of
Kongsberg Maritime AS.
Kongsberg Maritime AS endeavours to ensure that all information in this document is correct and fairly
stated, but does not accept liability for any errors or omissions.
Warning
The equipment to which this manual applies must only be used for the purpose for which it was
designed. Improper use or maintenance may cause damage to the equipment and/or injury to personnel.
The user must be familiar with the contents of the appropriate manuals before attempting to operate
or work on the equipment.
Kongsberg Maritime disclaims any responsibility for damage or injury caused by improper installation,
use or maintenance of the equipment.
Comments
To assist us in making improvements to the product and to this manual, we welcome comments and
constructive criticism.
e-mail: km.documentation@kongsberg.com
Kongsberg Maritime AS
www.kongsberg.com
Operator Manual
Table of contents
Glossary..................................................................................................................10
K-POS DP SYSTEM THEORY ............................................. 15
The K-Pos DP system.............................................................................................15
Basic forces and motions........................................................................................15
K-Pos DP system principles ...................................................................................17
The Extended Kalman Filter ........................................................................ 17
The Controller ............................................................................................ 19
Thruster allocation ...................................................................................... 22
USER INTERFACE ............................................................ 23
Operator station ......................................................................................................23
Operator panel ........................................................................................................24
Push buttons ............................................................................................... 24
Input keypad............................................................................................... 26
Trackball.................................................................................................... 27
Joystick...................................................................................................... 27
Heading wheel............................................................................................ 27
Display layout.........................................................................................................29
Top bar....................................................................................................... 32
Dashboard layout........................................................................................ 35
Side bar...................................................................................................... 44
Working areas............................................................................................. 44
Dialog boxes .............................................................................................. 44
Display views .........................................................................................................49
Orientation of the OS and effect on display views ......................................... 49
Tooltip/hotspot cursor and change of cursor image ........................................ 49
Selecting display views and panes................................................................ 50
View control dialog boxes ........................................................................... 51
Zooming .................................................................................................... 52
Preselect dialog box .................................................................................... 52
SYSTEM SETTINGS .......................................................... 55
Changing user.........................................................................................................55
Printing the display picture.....................................................................................56
Printing system report ............................................................................................57
Adjusting the panel light ........................................................................................57
Dimming level............................................................................................ 57
Lamp test ................................................................................................... 58
Presentation Units dialog box.................................................................................59
Editing Presentation Units ........................................................................... 60
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Glossary
Abbreviations
ARP Alternative Rotation Point
AP Autopilot (a device for automatic heading control)
BIST Built-In Self Test
BITE Built-In Test Equipment
cPos Kongsberg Compact Dynamic Positioning
CCW Counter Clockwise
CG Centre of Gravity
COG Course Over Ground
CW Clockwise
DGPS Differential GPS
DP Dynamic Positioning
DPC DP Controller
DPM Dynamic Positioning and Position Mooring
DQI Differential Quality Indicator
EBL Electronic Bearing Line
GPS Global Positioning System
HDOP Horizontal Dilution Of Precision
HPR Hydroacoustic Position Reference
IAS Integrated Automation System
I/O Input/Output
IMO International Maritime Organisation
KM Kongsberg Maritime
K-Pos Kongsberg Dynamic Positioning system
LTW Light-weight Taut Wire
MOB MOBile transponder
OS Operator Station
OT Operator Terminal
PM Position Mooring
PMS Power Management System
PS Process Station
RIO Remote Input - Output
rms root mean square
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General terms
Apparent wind See Relative wind.
Bearing The horizontal direction of one terrestrial point from another,
expressed as the angular distance from a reference direction,
clockwise through 360º.
Blackout A method of preventing a power failure due to overloading of the
prevention supply generators.
Cartesian A coordinate system where the axes are mutually-perpendicular
coordinate straight lines.
system
Command A group of functions that reflect the way the system will operate
group for a specific process area, for example, Propulsion and Propulsion
Simulation.
Controller A group of one or more controller process stations.
group
Course The horizontal direction in which a vessel is steered or is intended
to be steered, expressed as angular distance from north, usually
from 000º at north, clockwise through 360º. Differs from
Heading.
Crab angle The angle between the vessel heading and the track.
Cross-track The distance from the vessel's present position to the closest point
error on the track.
Datum Mathematical description of the shape of the earth (represented by
flattening and semi-major axis as well as the origin and orientation
of the coordinate systems used to map the earth).
Dead reckoning The process of determining the position of a vessel at any instant
by applying to the last well-determined position the run that has
since been made, based on the recent history of speed and heading
measurements.
Destination The immediate geographic point of interest to which a vessel
is navigating. It may be the next waypoint along a route of
waypoints or the final destination of a voyage.
Feedback Signals returned from the process (vessel) and used as input
signals to the Vessel Model.
Gyrocompass A compass having one or more gyroscopes as the directive
element, and which is north-seeking. Its operation depends
on four natural phenomena: gyroscopic inertia, gyroscopic
precession, the earth's rotation and gravity.
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The term “forces” in the following sections includes both forces and yawing moments,
unless otherwise stated. The vessel's responses to these forces, i.e. its changes in
position, heading and speed, are measured by position-reference systems, gyrocompasses
and vertical reference sensors. Reference system readings are corrected for roll and
pitch using readings from the vertical reference sensors. Wind speed and direction are
measured by the wind sensors.
The system calculates the forces that the thrusters must produce in order to control the
vessel's motion in three degrees of freedom - surge, sway and yaw - in the horizontal
plane.
The vessel also moves in three vertical degrees of freedom: pitch, roll and heave.
The pitch and roll motions are not controlled by the K-Pos DP system. However, in order
to allow the position-reference system to correct for these motions, the system must have
information about them. This information is received from vertical reference sensors.
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The K-Pos DP system does not control or require information about the heave motion,
but the motion can be measured and displayed.
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The vessel's heading and position are measured using the gyrocompasses and
position-reference systems, and are used as input data to the K-Pos DP system. These
measurements are compared with the predicted or estimated data produced by the
mathematical model, and the differences are then used to update the model.
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The process is adaptive. If, for example, only one position-reference system is active
and it has a low update rate, the model uncertainty will increase in the periods between
measurements, and the vessel model will therefore be heavily updated with each
measurement.
Offshore trials have verified that the K-Pos DP system principles give:
• Improved suppression of noise in position measurement with a better station-keeping
performance.
• Reduced power consumption and wear and tear on the thrusters due to the improved
suppression.
• A robust handling of combined high and low update rate position sensors, such as
DGPS and traditional Long Base-Line hydroacoustic positioning.
The Extended Kalman Filter is also used for the heading information based on
measurement from the actual gyrocompass in use.
Additional advantages can be obtained by use of:
• Speed measurements
Speed measurements can be used as an addition to position measurements to improve
the vessel speed control, and to make calibration of position measurements faster
when sailing at high speed.
A combination of speed measurement and a position-reference system will be better
able to handle drop out of position measurements during sailing.
The speed measurement interface can be DGPS or Doppler Log.
• ROT measurements
ROT (Rate Of Turn) measurements from ROT sensors can be used to improve the
heading control of the vessel. This is useful when very accurate heading control is
required during high-speed sailing, or when the vessel has a hull shape that makes it
difficult to control the heading.
The Controller
The controller calculates the resulting force to be exerted by the thrusters/propellers in
order for the vessel to remain on station.
DP control strategy
In station-keeping operations, the K-Pos DP controller can be working in several of the
following modes, all with special characteristics:
• High Precision control
• Relaxed control
• Green control
High Precision control provides high accuracy station-keeping in any weather condition
at the expense of power consumption and exposure to wear and tear of machinery and
thrusters.
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Relaxed control uses the thrusters more smoothly, at the expense of station-keeping
accuracy. However, this type of control cannot guarantee that the vessel will stay within
its operational area, and is mainly applicable for calm weather conditions.
Green control uses a different control technology called non-linear Model Predictive
Control, which is optimised for precise area keeping with minimum power consumption.
Green control is applicable in all weather conditions.
The transition between K-Pos DP controller modes is bumpless.
Thrust
High precision
Relaxed
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and current). The system estimates these forces over time, and calculates the force
demand required to counteract them.
Green control
In the Green control mode, the system maintains the vessel within an allowed area with
minimum use of power.
The controller design consists of two main parts, each giving its contribution to the
control:
• The Environment Compensator is designed to compensate for the averaged
environmental forces, which will maintain the required position under averaged
conditions.
• The Model Predictive Controller (MPC) uses a prediction (Position Predictor) of
the vessel movement as input for the control. When the operational boundaries are
predicted to be exceeded, the controller reacts to ensure that the vessel stays within
the operational area (see Figure 6).
The very smooth control actions reduce wear and tear on mechanical parts of the power
and thruster system and reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gases.
A simplified block diagram of the MPC Green control is shown in Figure 7.
Due to its nature, the MPC will not instantaneously react to sudden changes in external
forces, such as wind gusts, unless the Position Predictor detects that actions must be
taken immediately. Unnecessary sudden use of thrust is therefore avoided.
The Position Predictor includes the mathematical model of the vessel used in the
Extended Kalman Filter of the DP. The predicted position and heading are found
step–by–step for the whole prediction horizon (1 to 2 minutes).
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Thruster allocation
The controller of the K-Pos DP system continuously calculates the actual force
requirements in the alongships and athwartships directions (the force demand), and the
required rotational moment (the turning moment demand).
The Thruster Allocation distributes these demands as pitch/rpm/force/load and azimuth
control signals to each thruster/propeller, thus obtaining the force and moment required
for the position and heading control.
If it is not possible to maintain both the turning moment and the force demand due
to insufficient available thrust, priority is normally set to obtain the turning moment
demand (heading).
If a thruster/propeller is out of service or deselected, the “lost” thrust is automatically
redistributed to the remaining thrusters/propellers.
The magnitude of thrust allocated is reduced if the available power is too low to meet
the thrust demand. The allocated thrust will however still be correct with respect to the
direction of thrust. Heading (or position) priority is also kept in such a situation.
Power optimal allocation is the primary barrier for preventing blackouts and requires the
same information as that required for Power Load Monitoring and Blackout Prevention.
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User interface
Operator station
The K-Pos DP operator station
includes a high-resolution colour flat
screen for monitoring and operation
of the system, and an operator panel
with push buttons, lamps and joystick
controls.
The power switch and adjustment
controls for the screen are placed on
the right hand side of the screen. The
use of the power switch and adjustment
controls is described in the Hardware
Module Description for the screen.
Some systems are delivered with a
secondary screen which includes the
same display layout and information,
but the operator is allowed to select
panes also on the dashboard.
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Operator panel
The operator panel provides:
• Dedicated buttons (most of these have status lamps)
• Keypad
• Trackball
• 3-axis joystick
• Heading wheel and buttons
Push buttons
Several push buttons with status lamps are provided on the operator panel for activation
of main modes, position-reference systems, thrusters and functions. The accompanying
status lamps indicate activation of a particular function, mode or system.
Other frequently-used functions, such as selection of display views and dialog boxes,
may also have dedicated push buttons on the operator panel.
The buttons are grouped according to their main function. For safety reasons, some of
the buttons must be pressed twice within four seconds to invoke action. These buttons
are indicated by a white line along the lower edge.
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Figure 8 Examples of buttons: double press (TAKE button for taking command) and
single press (ACK button for acknowledging messages)
Note that the appearance of push buttons may vary from vessel to vessel.
Modes
The MODES button group contains buttons for selecting the main operational modes.
Status lamps indicate the current mode.
Three additional buttons allow you to select individual axes for automatic control. These
are referred to as the SURGE, SWAY and YAW buttons throughout this manual.
Figure 9 shows the button arrangement for an OS where the operator looks in the
alongships direction whilst looking at the screen.
Figure 9 Surge, sway and yaw buttons on an OS that is orientated in the alongships
direction
Figure 10 shows the button arrangement for an OS where the operator looks in the
athwartships direction whilst looking at the screen.
Figure 10 Sway, surge and yaw buttons on an OS that is orientated in the athwartships
direction
Controls
The CONTROLS button group contains buttons for accessing system functions and
dialog boxes.
Views
The VIEWS button group contains buttons for selecting the view to be displayed in the
main working area of the screen.
Thrusters
The THRUSTERS button group contains buttons for enabling thrusters.
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Sensors
The SENSORS button group contains buttons for enabling position-reference systems
and for initiating dialog boxes related to other system sensors.
Command
The COMMAND button group contains buttons for transferring command to one Operator
Station or operator terminal from another.
Alarms
The ALARMS button group contains indicators and buttons
to display and acknowledge alarms and events. The SILENCE
button, shown to the left, is used to silence the audible signal
without acknowledging the Emergency or Alarm message that
caused it.
For more information about messages and the ALARMS button group, see Message
system on page 79.
Input keypad
The INPUT keypad provides keys that are used to enter values or text into dialog boxes.
This button toggles between numeric and alphanumeric mode.
Numeric mode is the default. Press the button for one second to
toggle. A short beep will confirm the change. The lamp is lit
green when the panel is in alphanumeric mode (letters) and not
lit when in numeric mode (numbers).
When the panel is in numeric mode and any of the numeric keys
are pressed, the corresponding number is entered.
When the panel is in alphanumeric mode and any of the numeric
keys from 2 through 9 is pressed once, the first letter on that key is
entered. Press the key twice to enter the second letter, three times
to enter the third letter and four times to enter the fourth letter.
In alphanumeric mode this button toggles between non-capital
and capital letters. Non-capital letters is the default. Press the
button for one second to toggle.
Pressing this button deletes one character to the left (backspace).
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This is the ENTER key. Pressing this key applies the value or text
you have written to the system (i.e. corresponds with clicking
the OK button on a dialog box).
Trackball
The TRACKBALL is used to position the cursor on the screen.
The tree outer buttons are used as the buttons on a computer
mouse:
• The left button is used to click on screen buttons, choose
from menus and select displayed symbols.
• The right button is used to display a shortcut menu.
• The middle button is not used.
The four inner buttons are used as the arrow buttons on a computer keyboard.
Note
Be careful when using the outer buttons so that you don’t press the inner Up button at
the same time.
Joystick
In Joystick mode, the operator controls the positioning
of the vessel using the three-axis joystick (integrated
joystick and rotate controller).
To move the vessel in the surge and sway axes (alongships
and athwartships directions), tilt the joystick. The
direction in which the joystick is tilted determines the
direction of applied thruster force, and the angle of tilt
determines the amount of applied thruster force.
To turn the vessel (the yaw axis), rotate the joystick. The direction in which the joystick is
rotated determines the direction of the rotational moment demand, and the angle through
which the joystick is rotated determines the amount of applied rotational moment.
Heading wheel
The Heading Wheel comprises one heading wheel and seven buttons. Three of these
buttons are located in front. The other four form a circle close to the heading wheel.
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HEADING (DECREASE/ACTIVATE/INCREASE)
To perform a change of heading using the heading wheel, one of these three
associated buttons must be pressed. The heading setpoint can be changed by
turning the heading wheel or by using the DECREASE or INCREASE buttons.
HEADING WHEEL
This is used for setting a new heading.
RATE OF TURN
TURN RADIUS
For adjusting the Rate Of Turn (ROT) or Turn Radius.
DISTANCE TO TURN
For adjusting the Distance To Turn.
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Display layout
The display interface uses standard Microsoft Windows operating features such as
menus and dialog boxes.
The display is divided into a number of predefined areas as shown in the following figure.
In addition to these, dialog boxes are displayed whenever operator interaction is required.
In some deliveries other display sizes are used. The principles for dividing the display
into top bar, dashboard and working areas, as well as the principles of operation are the
same as for the display with aspect ratio 16:9. Example of display layout for ratio 16:9.
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Example of display layout for ratio 16:10. The difference from the standard layout is that
the side bar is not visible. The functions usually available on the side bar are accessible
through the View menu.
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Example of display layout for ratio 4:3. The difference from the standard layout is that
there are only six panes on the right-hand side working area in stead of nine, and that
the side bar is not visible. The functions usually available on the side bar are accessible
through the View menu.
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Top bar
The information on the top bar, presented by controls
and indicators, is grouped in different parts showing the
following:
• product name
• date and time
• operator station and user name
• drop-down menu for detailed system information
• operation mode
• controller PS group
• information about unacknowledged alarms
• menu buttons for accessing dialog boxes
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The system status provides information about the Operator station and the user, in
addition to the product name and current date and time.
When the built-in simulator is in use the text SIMULATING replaces the name of the
user: . The text changes also when the remote diagnostics are
running.
Clicking the extension button provides detailed system information such as delivery
name, system software version, etc.
You can close the information box by clicking the collapse button .
The indicator shows current operation mode.
When the Operator station is in command the command group button,
e.g. ‘Main: DP’ is green. Pressing this button activates the Command
Control dialog box. If the thrusters are not ready but the operator
station is in command, the background colour of the button is yellow
.
The alarm area shows the most recent emergency, alarm or warning message that has not
yet been acknowledged.
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or:
The menu buttons provide command menus allowing access to the respective dialog
boxes. Which menus are available depends on the configuration of the delivered system.
Because some commands are relevant to specific modes, these are not available until the
relevant mode is selected:
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Dashboard layout
The dashboard area shows important performance information to allow immediate
assessment of the situation. On the operator station in command, the content of this area
cannot be altered by the operator, but changes automatically according to the selected
main mode. On the operator station not in command, you can change the panes that are
shown, but as soon as the operator station takes command, the layout of the dashboard
goes back to default.
Several parts of the dashboard area are click-sensitive. At the same time as the cursor
image changes when it is moved over a click-sensitive object, a tooltip is displayed for a
few seconds. This text explains the use of the click-sensitive object.
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The vessel's speed is given in the top right-hand corner of the pane.
SOG/STW: The indicator next to the reading for speed tells you whether
speed over ground (SOG) or speed through water (STW) is shown.
The name of the sensor measuring the speed is usually shown. If the
vessel speed is input manually this is indicated by the text Manual on pink
background, or if it is calculated by the system it is indicated by the text
Model on pink background.
This area is click-sensitive. The ordinary cursor changes to a pointing hand
when positioned over this area. Clicking the left trackball button shows
the setpoint values in orange colour.
The blue arrowhead indicates the course over ground together with the
value in degrees.
Transverse speed: Transverse speeds astern and at the bow are also shown,
green arrow to starboard, pink arrow to port.
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Joystick pane
The pane displays joystick-related information during Joystick
mode.
The joystick setpoint is indicated by the orange line and is
shown as two percentage values (ahead or astern for surge and
port or starboard for sway). The obtained response (feedback)
is indicated by the blue bar.
The tilt of the joystick is indicated by the filled grey circle and
dashed coordinate lines that are positioned relative to the centre
of the cross formation (zero tilt).
Note
The joystick setpoint relative to the joystick tilt depends on the
joystick thrust and the active joystick precision settings.
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This area is click-sensitive. The ordinary cursor changes to a pointing hand when
positioned over this area. Clicking the left trackball button opens the Alarm Limits
dialog box.
The position deviation is indicated by a filled circle whose radius represents the deviation
from the position setpoint. The colour of the circle changes in relation to the position
warning and alarm limits (if active):
• Grey — Within the limits
• Yellow — Warning limit exceeded
• Red — Alarm limit exceeded
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Heading pane
This shows numerical and graphical information relevant for manual and automatic
heading control functions. The information changes automatically according to the
selected main mode.
The title area also indicates the mode in which the heading
is controlled.
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Shows the status of the gyro compasses: enabled and in use (in
this example gyro 1), enabled, but not in use (in this example
gyro 2 and 3) and not enabled (in this example gyro 4 and 5).
This area is click-sensitive. The ordinary cursor changes to a
pointing hand when positioned over this area. Clicking the left
trackball button opens the Sensors dialog box.
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Side bar
The side bar contains buttons for quick access to functions
concerning the display:
• changing the light and colours on the display (palettes)
• selecting special display views and display orientation
• defining and selecting combinations of display views and
panes in the two working areas
A check mark on the palette button shows which
option is selected.
N UP is North UP. All views in the working area
that show the vessel’s heading will be displayed in a
fixed orientation (north-up), while the heading of the
vessel symbol is shown as relative.
H REL is Heading RELative. All views in the
working area that show the vessel’s heading will be
displayed relative to the vessel heading, while the
heading of the vessel symbol is fixed.
Note
The compass rose on the Heading pane will always
work as a compass and is not affected by this button.
Working areas
The working areas show operator-selectable display views.
The area on the left-hand side displays detailed views. The operator can select which
main views will be displayed.
The area on the right-hand side is divided into panes which display different information.
The operator can select what information will be displayed. In addition detailed views
can be displayed replacing the nine panes with one view.
A predefined combination of display views and panes can be stored and selected by
one button click.
Dialog boxes
You can enter data into the system using dialog boxes. These are displayed using panel
buttons, selecting menu commands or by clicking on graphical symbols in the views
or icons on the top bar.
Dialog boxes appear in the working area and you can move them as required.
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To locate information about individual dialog boxes, use the Index at the end of this
manual.
When data has been modified on a dialog box, the message (Changed) is added to the
title bar text.
Data entered on a dialog box is not used by the system until you confirm the input by
clicking the Apply or OK button:
• If you click the OK button, the changes that you have made are applied and the dialog
box is removed from the display. If any data errors are found, no changes are made
and the dialog box remains open.
• If you click the Cancel button, no changes are made and the dialog box is removed
from the display.
• If you click the Apply button, the changes that you have made are applied and the
dialog box remains open.
When you are not allowed to make changes to the data on a dialog box, both the OK
and Apply buttons will be unavailable (dimmed). This can occur, for example, when the
Operator Station is not in command or the system is not in an appropriate mode.
Some dialog boxes have several pages which you access by clicking on the page tab.
For this type of dialog box, both the Apply and OK buttons apply the changes that you
have made on all pages of the dialog box.
Click the Cancel button to close the dialog box without action. If a dialog box can be
accessed by pressing a panel button, pressing this panel button while the dialog box is
displayed closes the dialog box without action.
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Text box
This is a rectangular box in which you can type a numeric value. If the box
already contains a numerical value, you can select the value to be used or
delete it and type in a new value.
Spin box
This is a text box equipped with two additional up and down arrows (on the
right-hand side) that can be clicked to increase or decrease the numerical
value by a fixed increment. A numerical value can also be typed directly in
the box.
On an operator panel equipped with a numeric keypad, this keypad represents the easiest
way to enter numeric values.
However, the Enter a New Numeric Value dialog box may be used. This will be displayed
on the screen when enabled, and is especially suited to Operator Stations having:
• No numeric keypad on the operator panel
• Touch sensitive screens
2 Select the Enable Numeric Entry Keypad Dialog check box and click the OK button.
• The Enter a New Numeric Value dialog box is enabled.
To test the Enter a New Numeric Value dialog box:
1 In the Numeric Entry Keypad Dialog Use dialog box, ensure that Enable Numeric
Entry Keypad Dialog is selected.
2 Place the cursor in the Enter a numeric value text box and click the left trackball
button.
• The Enter a New Numeric Value dialog box is displayed.
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3 Enter a new numeric value in the Enter a numeric value: text box using the numeric
keys on the Enter a New Numeric Value dialog box and then click the OK button (on
the Enter a New Numeric Value dialog box).
4 Click the OK button on the Numeric Entry Keypad Dialog Use dialog box.
• The Enter a New Numeric Value dialog box is tested and ready for use.
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Click the OK button on this dialog box. The illegal value will remain highlighted in
the text box until it is corrected.
If the dialog box has more than one page, and you enter an illegal value on one of the
pages, the validation will be performed when you click the OK or Apply button, even
though another page is displayed. The dialog box is automatically displayed with the
page containing the illegal value on top.
If more than one validation error occurs, all errors are listed in one message box. In the
dialog box, however, only the first error will be highlighted.
Display views
Display views present the operator with information about the operation.
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User interface
Detail views can also be displayed on the right-hand side working area from a
click-sensitive pane. When the cursor within a pane changes into a pointing finger
and the tooltip 'Detail view' appears, you can click and replace the nine panes with
a corresponding display view. To return to the panes, click the cross icon in the upper
right corner.
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Zooming
To zoom a view that is displayed in the working areas, click Zoom In on the shortcut
menu. The view is enlarged by approximately 60%, centered on the cursor position
when the shortcut menu was displayed.
A zoomed view can be panned or zoomed again. Place the cursor in the required area and
click the right trackball button. A variant of the following shortcut menu is displayed:
Clicking Zoom In zooms the view again, centred on the cursor position when this menu
was displayed.
Clicking Zoom Reset returns the view to its original scale.
Clicking Center Here pans the view so that it is centred on the cursor position when
this menu was displayed.
Clicking Center Reset returns the centre of the view to its original position.
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User interface
Note
For systems without a Side bar use the menu View →Preselect and View →Use Preselect.
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System settings
System settings
Changing user
There are three types of users defined for the K-Pos DP system:
• Operator
When the K-Pos DP system is started, the user is set to Operator. This is the normal
user of the K-Pos DP system.
• Chief
The “Chief” can operate the system in the same way as the “Operator”, but in addition
can perform the following functions:
– Set the system date and time
– Calibrate the joystick
• System
This user is reserved for installation and service work performed by trained personnel
from Kongsberg Maritime.
The Change User dialog box allows you to change the user.
To display this dialog box, select System→ (Access control) Change User.
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You can use this dialog box to select the printer and to define the printer set-up.
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System settings
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2 From the list boxes, select the required light intensity for the indicator lamps and the
background lamps for the available Palettes. Available light intensities are Bright,
Normal, Dimmed, Very Dimmed and Off.
3 Click the OK button.
The asterisk (*) shows which display palette is currently in use.
You can perform a lamp test by clicking the Lamp Test button.
Lamp test
You can test the panel status lamps, alarm lamps and the audible signal at any time.
To perform the lamp test:
1 Select View →(Panel) Lamp Test, or click the Lamp Test button on the Panel Lamp
Configuration dialog box.
• The Panel Lamp Test dialog box is displayed.
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System settings
• The text on the Start Lamp Test button changes to End Lamp Test.
3 Press SILENCE to stop the audible signal sounding.
4 Press, in turn, each button that has a status lamp.
• Each status lamp should extinguish when its associated button is pressed.
5 To stop the test, click the End Lamp Test button.
6 Click the Close button to remove the Panel Lamp Test dialog box.
Note
Only User Definable display presentation sets can be edited.
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2 Using the scroll bar to the right, find the presentation unit type you want to edit and
select it. It is possible to sort the unit list alphabetically by clicking the column
heading. Click once for ascending order, twice for descending order and three times
to have the default order (no alphabetical sorting) displayed.
3 Click in the Display Format column for the selected presentation unit type.
• A list box containing all the display formats for this type is displayed.
• The presently selected display format is indicated with white text on blue
background.
4 Select the wanted display format from the options shown in the list box by clicking
it.
• The list box is closed.
5 Repeat steps 2 to 4 if you want to edit the display format for another presentation
unit type.
6 Click the OK button.
• The display formats are applied.
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2 Click the OK button if you want to reset all the presentation settings to factory
(original) settings, otherwise click the Cancel button.
The Set System Date/Time dialog box allows you to change the date and time of the
system clock.
To display this dialog box, select System→(Date/Time) Set Date/Time.
Use this dialog box to set the correct date and time. You can either enter the time and
date values directly into the text boxes or you can use the up/down arrows to select
time and date values.
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System settings
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To change the limits, either enter new values directly in the text boxes, or use the up and
down arrow buttons to increase or decrease the current values.
To activate the limits, select the Active check box for Position and Heading. You can
activate either the alarm limit only, or both the warning and alarm limits. You cannot
activate only a warning limit. If you click the Active check box for Warning, the
corresponding alarm limit is also activated.
Note
Warning limits can never be set larger than the corresponding Alarm limits.
Position
Warning and alarm limits can be set for position deviation. When the vessel's
actual position differs from the position setpoint by more than the warning limit, a
warning message is displayed. When the vessel's actual position differs from
the position setpoint by more than the alarm limit, an audible signal sounds and
an alarm message is displayed.
When active, the position limits are displayed as black circles — solid for alarm
and dashed for warning, in the Position Deviation pane. When inactive, the position
limits are shown as gray circles.
Note
In all modes, the position limits are inhibited until a requested change in position
is completed.
Heading
Warning and alarm limits can be set for heading deviation. When the vessel's
actual heading differs from the heading setpoint by more than the warning limit,
a warning message is displayed. When the vessel's actual heading differs from
the heading setpoint by more than the alarm limit, an audible signal sounds and
an alarm message is displayed.
The limits are active only when the yaw axis is under automatic control.
When active, the heading limits are shown as black lines — solid for alarm and
dashed for warning, on the Posplot view (see Posplot view on page 273). When
inactive, the heading limits are shown as gray lines.
Note
In all modes, the heading limits are inhibited until a requested change in heading
is completed.
VRS page
The VRS page allows you to set alarm limits for pitch, roll and heave motion.
To display the dialog box, select Alarms →VRS.
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Controller Mode
The option buttons allow you to select from High Precision, Relaxed and Green
controller modes.
The In Use check boxes indicate which controller mode is currently in use by the
system.
High Precision
This is the default controller mode. It is also the controller mode setting if
controller mode selection is not available in the K-Pos DP system installed on
your vessel. Gain level and customised gain settings (if available) apply for this
controller mode.
Relaxed
This controller mode is available in Auto Position and Mixed Joystick system
modes.
Select the radius by clicking the arrows or typing in a value in the Outer Radius
text box. Gain level and customised gain settings (if available) apply for this
controller mode.
If it is not possible to use Relaxed controller mode when it is selected, the High
Precision controller mode will be used.
With Relaxed controller mode, the position gains are modified to vary within the
Relaxed control circle. This means that the force setpoint used to bring the vessel
back to the position setpoint is very low when close to the center of the control
circle. It then increases up to the normal values when close to the border of the
area defined by the radius (the gain varies exponentially within the area).
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System settings
Note
The radius for Relaxed controller mode is not a position limit, it is only the area
within which the controller gains are very low. If the vessel drifts outside this area,
the gains will increase. How far outside the vessel drifts depends on the Gain Level
settings (the high-medium-low predefined controller gain or customised controller
gain in surge, sway and yaw axes).
Green
This controller mode is available in Auto Position system mode.
Select the Outer Radius and Inner Radius by clicking the arrows or typing a value
in the text box.
If it is not possible to use Green when it is selected, the High Precision controller
mode will be used.
The Inner Radius and Outer Radius define the working area and the operational
area, respectively. When the inner radius is predicted to be exceeded, additional
thrust is added in a smoother way than if the outer radius is predicted to be
exceeded.
Note
When changing position and/or heading in Green controller mode, the controller
mode used is automatically temporarily switched to High Precision controller mode.
During a heading change the position carrot is set to the present vessel position.
This prevents unnecessary vessel movement. The controller mode will switch back
to Green controller mode once position and heading become “Present”.
If system selected heading is chosen, the Green controller mode will not be in use.
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System settings
Under normal sea conditions, the major components of the residual force change only
slowly, and the best positioning performance is achieved by calculating them over a
long period of time.
During some operations, significant and rapid changes in residual forces can occur.
For example:
• When manoeuvering in channels, rivers, harbours or around breakwaters, or in areas
with loop current, there may be sudden changes in the current.
• When relatively large forces are not measured accurately, such as the pipe tension in a
pipe-laying operation, there may be sudden errors in the measured forces.
Such sudden changes in the residual forces would normally result in a position offset
which would then be slowly corrected. When selected by the operator, the Quick Model
Update function prepares the system for sudden changes in the residual by adjusting the
mathematical model accordingly and in this way ensures more accurate positioning.
The reaction rate can be specified separately for each axis.
A timer is included so that the Quick Model Update function is automatically switched
off after a specified period.
Enable
Enable or disable the Quick Model Update function.
Duration
The duration of the function, after which it will be automatically switched off.
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Time left
The timer starts when you select Enable and then click the OK or Apply button. The
Time left field shows the time remaining before the function will be automatically
disabled.
Error gain modification factors
A gain modification factor can be specified for each axis. The factor is specified
as a percentage of the normal reaction to deviation in that axis caused by residual
forces. A larger factor results in a larger reaction and thereby a shorter integration
time for the residual forces.
During Joystick mode you can change the rotation centre between fore, midships and
aft, i.e. the rotation centre is selected and in use. You can also select any of the other
predefined rotation centres, but they will only be selected and become in use when
the position is under automatic control — in Auto mode or mixed Joystick mode with
automatic surge and sway.
During Auto mode or Joystick mode with automatic surge/sway you can change the
rotation centre between all predefined or manually entered rotation centres.
When automatic position control is active, the rotation centre can only be changed when
the position and heading modes are PRESENT.
To display the dialog box, select Settings→(Control) Rotation Center.
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When a rotation centre is selected in the drop-down list box, its coordinates are
displayed in the Ahead/Astern and STBD/PORT boxes and in the Preview display.
All coordinates are measured relative to the midships position.
If User Defined is selected in the drop-down list box, the coordinates of the required
rotation centre can be entered directly in the Ahead/Astern and STBD/PORT boxes.
In Use
The In Use boxes show the coordinates of the currently active rotation centre in the
Ahead/Astern and STBD/PORT axes.
Preview
An orange circle on the Preview display shows the position of the currently-active
rotation centre (In Use). A blue circle shows the position of the proposed rotation
centre (Selected). When the selected rotation centre becomes in use (the Apply
button is clicked), the two circles have the same position:
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Joystick
Joystick
Thrust
These option buttons allow you to select either Full or Reduced thrust.
Full
The maximum force available from all thrusters can be used. This increases the
vessel's response to movement of the joystick compared to the Reduced option.
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Reduced
The maximum applied thruster force for axes that are under joystick control is
limited to about 50% of the available force from all thrusters.
The joystick thrust setting can also be changed by pressing the JOY. FULL
THRUST button. The status for the joystick thrust setting will be dynamically
updated on the Joystick Settings dialog box to reflect this change.
Precision
The applied thruster force for axes that are under joystick control can be scaled in
various ways. This scaling gives a different response to movement of the joystick,
depending on the configuration and operational requirements of the vessel. Figure
12 displays thrust as a function of joystick deflection in the cases of Full and
Reduced thrust, with High speed, General or Low speed precision.
The option buttons allow you to select from High speed, General or Low speed
precision.
High speed
For precise high-speed manoeuvring. At small movements of the joystick the
change in thruster force is large, but decreases with increasing movements.
General
Linear relationship between movement of the joystick and force exerted by the
thrusters. The Precision is automatically changed from High speed to General when
changing from high speed to low speed manoeuvring (for example from Autopilot
mode to Joystick mode).
Low speed
For precise low-speed manoeuvring. Progressive relationship between movement
of the joystick and force exerted by the thrusters. At small movements of
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Joystick
the joystick the change in thruster force is low, but increases with increasing
movements.
Exponent
This shows the exponent used in the calculation of thrust for the currently selected
Precision option. This is for information only.
Envir. Comp.
The check boxes allow you to combine joystick control with environmental
compensation separately for each of the Surge, Sway and Yaw axes. The system
then automatically compensates for the wind forces acting on the vessel by
providing the thrusters with the necessary extra thrust in the appropriate direction.
When position-reference system measurements are available, the system will
calculate the unknown forces, including sea current and wave forces, which are
acting on the vessel (collectively referred to as “current”) and perform automatic
compensation for these forces.
Environmental compensation is always performed when selected, but the
compensation due to “current” forces is zero if no position-reference system has
been accepted or if Current Upd. is not selected.
Current Upd.
Current Update is enabled by default. You must clear the required Surge/Sway/Yaw
check boxes if you do not want the system to compensate for the calculated
residual forces for axes under joystick control.
Compensating for residual forces when under joystick control normally increases
the system performance when entering automatic control. However, there can be
situations where the calculated residual forces are no longer valid for the new
operational condition. A typical example would be when entering automatic
control after a period using thrusters to hold the vessel against a quay.
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Joystick
Calibration of the joystick ensures that a certain deflection of the joystick corresponds to
a specific thrust, depending on Joystick Settings.
It is necessary to calibrate the joystick when:
• New hardware has been installed or parts of the hardware (for example the joystick)
have been changed.
• New software has been installed or software has been reinstalled from a disk.
The Joystick Calibrate dialog box contains a description of how to calibrate the joystick.
To display this dialog box, select Tools→Calibrate joystick.
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4 Move the joystick for MIN/MAX in the three axes to register joystick swing.
• Black lines appear on the figure to indicate joystick swing in all three axes.
5 To change the joystick deadband, click the Deadband button.
• The Deadband dialog box is displayed.
6 Enter the required deadband in all three axes by typing values or by clicking the
up/down arrows and then click the OK button.
7 Click the OK button on the Joystick Calibrate dialog box to complete the calibration.
• A dialog box, stating that the new calibration values will be saved, is displayed.
8 Click the OK button.
• The joystick is calibrated.
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Message system
Message system
System diagnostics
The following methods are used for fault detection:
• Built-In System Test (BIST) that performs a comprehensive system test at power-on.
• Built-In Test Equipment (BITE) that continually checks for internal system faults
when the system is running.
• Additional self-checking facilities for system components such as I/O units.
• Supervision of the controller computer fan and temperature.
• Comparison of data with preset maximum and minimum limits.
• Consistency checking of input (e.g. input from triangular potentiometer).
• Supervision of the serial lines (e.g. timeout, baud rate, framing error, checksum
and format).
Any faults are reported.
Operational checks
The following checks are continuously carried out during system operation:
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Message priority
There are four categories of messages, depending on their severity:
• Emergency (audible signal and flashing light)
• Alarms (audible signal and flashing light)
• Warnings (flashing light)
• Information
Emergency, alarm and warning messages must be acknowledged by the operator.
• Emergency messages
Emergency messages are generated in response to critical system faults such as
over-temperature or power supply failure.
All emergency messages must be critically examined to determine their cause and
effect.
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Message system
• Alarm messages
Alarm messages are generated when conditions are detected that critically affect the
capability or performance of the system (such as a system fault or a defined alarm
limit exceeded).
All Alarm messages must be critically examined to determine their cause and effect.
• Warning messages
Warning messages inform you of the occurrence of conditions in the system that,
if ignored, could result in unwanted system response or eventual failure (such as
incorrect operator actions, intermittent position-reference data or a defined warning
limit exceeded).
• Information messages
Information messages inform you of conditions that are noteworthy, but that have no
serious effect on the performance of the system.
Emergency and Alarm messages are accompanied by an audible signal which continues
until you acknowledge the message. There are no audible signals associated with
Warning or Information messages.
Emergency, Alarm and Warning messages are accompanied by the relevant lamp flashing
in the ALARMS button group until you acknowledge the message.
If the system tests do not report the same message within a timeout period (usually
20 seconds), the message becomes inactive. Inactive Emergency, Alarm and Warning
messages must be acknowledged before they are removed from the top bar and the
Dynamic Alarm Page. They will remain displayed with the state Normal in the Dynamic
Event and Historic Event Pages.
Explanations can be obtained for any of the messages generated by the controller process
stations, see Message explanations — online help on page 89.
Presentation of messages
System messages are colour coded in the following ways:
• Emergency messages are displayed on red background.
• Alarm messages are displayed on red background.
• Warning messages are displayed on yellow background.
• Information messages are displayed on grey background.
The messages are presented in two different displays: on the top bar and on the Event
List view. The presentation of events is subjected to filtering. Only those events that
match all attributes specified in the filter are included in the presentation. System-defined
filters are provided which cannot be changed by the operator.
• The Alarm presentation on the top bar always shows the most recent Emergency,
Alarm or Warning message that has not yet been acknowledged.
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• The Event List view contains a list of all the current system messages. By pressing
the ALARM VIEW button, you can display the Event List view.
(First column)
If you have not yet acknowledged a message, an asterisk (*) is displayed and the
background colour is displayed flashing (see Acknowledging messages on page 86
for more information).
A vertical bar (|) is displayed in the place of the asterisk for an unacknowledged
message that is in a command group over which the operator station does not
have control.
Time
Time and date when the message was first reported.
Origin
Identifies the originator (source) of the message:
• DP-OS# – Operator station
• DpMain – Controller PS group
• Equipment – Equipment monitoring system
Member
Members of the originator of the message (not relevant when the originator is an
Operator Station or a controller PS group with only one member).
If the message is from a controller PS group with more than one process station, this
column identifies the members of the group. It may contain up to three characters,
depending on the redundancy level. For example, for a triple-redundant system:
ABC The message was reported by all three process stations and is still
active.
C The message was reported only by process station C and is still
active.
-B The message was reported by process stations A and B. The message
from process station A is now inactive.
--- The message was reported by all three process stations and is now
inactive (but is not yet acknowledged).
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Message system
Tag
Identifies the source of process events and system events.
Priority
Message priority: Emergency, Alarm, Warning or Info (Information).
State
The state of the Event: High, HighHigh, HighScale, Low, LowLow, LowScale
(here all these are commonly referred to as Active), Normal or Void (see also
Alarm states on page 85).
• High — Indicates that the alarm condition is present.
• Normal — Indicates that the alarm condition is no longer present.
Text
Message text.
Additional information
Up to three blocks of additional data may be included in the message. The meaning
of this additional data varies for each message. See Message explanations —
online help on page 89.
(Event pages)
You can choose among the following Event pages:
Dynamic Alarm Page
The Dynamic Alarm Page shows a list of the most recent messages. The Dynamic
Alarm Page has a limited length; as the list is filled up, the oldest messages are
pushed out while the most recent ones are added to the top of the list. Messages
where the underlying condition is no longer present are displayed with the state
Normal.
Messages can be acknowledged on the Dynamic Alarm Page. Acknowledged
messages where the underlying condition is no longer present are removed from
the Dynamic Alarm Page.
Use the Dynamic Alarm Page to get a survey of the current alarm situation.
Historic Event Page
The Historic Event Page provides a log of all messages that occur. Within the limits
of the event database, you can define the time span to be covered by the Historic
Event Page. While a message can appear only once on the Dynamic Alarm page, it
appears as many times on the historic page as there are changes in its state.
Use the Historic Event Page whenever you need to analyse the evolution of events.
If the list extends beyond the window area of the display, you can use the up/down
arrows in the tool bar.
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Alarm states
Digital alarms are either “Active” (the underlying condition is present) or “Inactive” (the
underlying condition is no longer present).
Inactive digital alarms are presented with the status “Normal” on all three pages of the
Event List view. Inactive, acknowledged digital alarms are presented with the status
“Void” on the Dynamic Event Page and the Historic Event Page. Active digital alarms
are presented with the status High on all three pages of the Event List view.
For alarms on analog terminals, however, the Active state is further refined by means of
alarm limits. Figure 15 shows the relation between the alarm limits and the validity of
alarms states.
HighScale
HighScale Limit
HighHigh Active
HighHigh Limit
High
Alarm limits
High Limit
Normal/Void Inactive
Low Limit
Low
LowLow Limit
LowLow Active
LowScale Limit
LowScale
CD3248 The alarm state is valid t o, but not including this limit.
An analog alarm is in the Normal/Void state when the terminal value is within the High
and Low alarm limits. This means that the alarm is Inactive.
The alarm becomes Active when the terminal value exceeds the High/Low limits.
Any change in the alarm state is indicated in the Status cell for that message in the
Event List view.
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Acknowledging messages
You can acknowledge either all visible messages or individual messages selected on the
Event List view (see Figure 14 on page 82).
When a message has been acknowledged, and the message is reported as inactive by
all the controller process stations, it is removed from the message list. If this results in
“gaps” in the list displayed in the Event List view, you can remove these “gaps” by
selecting Refresh on the Event List shortcut menu (see Figure 16), by clicking the refresh
button on the toolbar, or by closing and reopening the Event List view.
You can acknowledge messages in the following ways:
• Press the ACK button.
• Click on the alarm icon on the top bar.
• Click the button in the tool bar of the Event List view.
• Place the cursor in the Event List view, click the right trackball button to display the
following shortcut menu, and then select Ack All.
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Silence button
You can press the SILENCE button at any time to silence the audible signal
(without acknowledging the Emergency or Alarm message that caused it).
The audible signal will sound again if another Emergency or Alarm message
is reported.
An audible signal can normally be silenced from any of the Operator Stations in question.
However, system alarms can only be silenced from the originating Operator Station.
For example, when an Operator Station becomes “not communicational” several other
Operator Stations may detect the situation and notify it by means of an audible signal.
The audible signal must be silenced on every OS that notifies the situation.
Alarm lamps
There are three alarm lamps:
• POWER
This lamp is lit green as long as the power supply to the operator panel is OK.
• FAULT
This lamp is lit red when the contact between the operator panel and the Operator
Station computer is lost, else it is off.
Note
This lamp does not indicate failures in the controller process station(s). If the
Operator Station loses contact with the controller process station, a message is
displayed in a message dialog box.
ALARM
This lamp flashes in response to a software-generated Emergency, Alarm or Warning
message from the Operator Station computer; for example, heading or position
deviation beyond limits or sensor error. These messages are generated by the
controller process station and do not indicate failures in the Operator Station. A
flashing lamp indicates unacknowledged messages. A continuously lit lamp indicates
that all messages are acknowledged. The lamp will extinguish three seconds after the
last Emergency, Alarm or Warning status has been removed.
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• If the ALARMS button group stops functioning so that the lamps and audible signal do
not work, a dialog box with the message Operator panel error — No audible and visual
Alarms Indicators is displayed. The dialog box is alternately displayed (for three
seconds) and hidden (for seven seconds). The dialog box will not be shown during the
first minute after the K-Pos DP system has been started.
• If the ALARMS button group loses its power, the lamps in the ALARMS group become
unlit, and a buzzer starts to sound.
• If the ALARMS button group has power, but does not get contact with the OS
computer within four minutes after the K-Pos DP system has been started, a buzzer
will start to sound and the FAULT and ALARM lamps will become lit.
• If the ALARMS button group loses contact with the OS computer, a buzzer will start
to sound and the FAULT and ALARM lamps will become lit.
Printer name
The name of the event printer.
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Message system
Printer type
The type of the event printer.
Unprinted events
The number of unprinted messages in the event printer buffer.
Refresh
Click this button to update the information shown in the dialog box.
Flush
Click this button to print all of the unprinted events on the event printer.
Purge
Click this button to remove some or all of the unprinted events on the event printer.
• When a message is not acknowledged and is shown on the top bar — click the
icon.
• Whenever a message is displayed in the Event List view, point to the message and
click the right trackball button. A shortcut menu is displayed. Click Help on this menu.
The System Messages Help is opened with the relevant message explanation displayed.
• On the System menu, click Messages. The System messages Help is displayed. This
Help system allows you to select the required message from a list of Contents. You
can also Search for the required message by searching for words or phrases that are
contained in the message or the message explanation.
It may occur that the Help selection is not available on the shortcut menu which is
displayed when you right-click the message in the Event List view. In this case the
explanation can still be obtained via the menu →System →Messages and select it from the
Contents list or using the Search facility.
An example of displayed explanation:
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Note
The Corrective actions in the message explanations provides only general advice. You
must evaluate the required action according to the current operational situation.
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Message system
Alarm (Stop)
Warning
Information
A typical example of each type of operator advice message is shown in Figure 17.
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Starting operations
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Starting operations
Caution
Some of the options you can perform on this dialog box are not part of
the normal operating procedures for the K-Pos DP system. They are
implemented to facilitate service and installation work performed by trained
personnel from Kongsberg Maritime.
Select Option
Shutdown
Stop the OS software, shut down the Windows session and turne off the computer.
Reboot (with OS Restart)
Stop the OS software, reboot the Windows session and restart the OS software.
Note
Avoid restarting the Operator Station by switching the power off and on. It may be
damaging to the Windows file system.
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Depending on the shell used on your Operator Station, you can display the Logon
Configuration dialog box either by selecting AutoStart under the K-Pos DP command
on the Start menu (only when using Microsoft Windows as shell), or when performing
autostart of the K-Pos DP system. During autostart, a countdown dialog box is launched.
Clicking the button on this countdown dialog box within the countdown limit, displays
the Logon Configuration dialog box.
User Logon
Select this option button if the user is required to log on manually each time the
system is started.
Logon Profile
Auto Logon
Select this option button if automatic logon is to be configured and performed each
time the system is started. This is the normal logon configuration.
Shell
Drop-down list box where you can select which shell configuration to use when
logging on, either Microsoft Windows or the OS software. The OS software is
the normal shell configuration.
Apply and Logoff
Clicking this button after having selected a new shell configuration will quickly
restart the system with the new shell configuration.
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Command transfer
Depending on the system configuration, more than one Operator Station can be connected
simultaneously to one controller process station (PS) group as described in Connect
dialog box on page 102. For example, the Main controller PS group (which in turn
controls the vessel's propulsion system), can be controlled from a K-Pos DP Operator
Station, an Operator Station in integrated systems, or a remote operator terminal. All
the available information about the propulsion system is available at all the connected
Operator Stations, but only one Operator Station can be in command at any time.
All the Operator Stations have TAKE and GIVE buttons. On the Operator Station that
has command of the Main controller PS group, the TAKE button is lit and Main:DP is
displayed on the top bar.
There are two methods for switching command between Operator Stations that are
connected to the same controller PS group:
• Take Command
• Give Command
The system command configuration determines whether or not the “Take Command”
method can be used. The “Take” and “Give” actions apply only for the controller PS
group to which the Operator Station is connected.
In the following example procedures, both DP-OS1 and DP-OS2 are connected to the
Main controller PS group, DP-OS1 currently has command of this group, and command
is to be transferred to DP-OS2.
Taking command
Note
This procedure can be used only if allowed by the system command configuration.
As an alternative, the TAKE button may be configured to start a request command, see
Requesting command on page 96.
1 DP-OS1 is in command.
• The TAKE button status lamp on DP-OS1 is lit.
• No button status lamps in the COMMAND group are lit on DP-OS2.
2 To take command at DP-OS2, press the TAKE button on DP-OS2 twice within
four seconds.
3 DP-OS2 is now in command.
• The TAKE button status lamp on DP-OS2 is lit.
• No button status lamps in the COMMAND group are lit on DP-OS1.
Giving command
1 DP-OS1 is in command.
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Requesting command
Note
The procedure can only be used if allowed by the system configuration.
1 On the requesting OS press the TAKE button. The GIVE buttons on both requesting
OS and OS in command start to flash and the horn on the OS in command sounds.
2 On the OS in command press the GIVE button. The command is transferred.
Note
If you press TAKE on the OS in command, the request will be cancelled.
If no action is taken within 60 seconds, the request will be automatically cancelled.
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Starting operations
The Command Control dialog box shows the current command control status and allows
you take or give control of the K-Pos DP system.
This dialog box has three pages, one page with the name of the Operator Station (in this
example DP-OS1), Overview, and Give. The DP-OS1 page is referred to as “the DP-OS
page” and some elements are present on all three pages.
The information available from the Command Control dialog box is mainly intended for
operation of systems with several Operator Stations.
The Command Control dialog box provides some opportunities not available from
panel buttons.
The Command Control dialog box is designed to correspond to the equivalent dialog box
in the K-Chief system where it is more frequently used. This has been done to improve
the user interface, especially on vessels with integrated automation systems on board.
To display this dialog box, press the STATUS button on the panel or the command group
button, e.g. Main: DP, on the top bar.
DP-OS page
Command Group
All command groups are listed in this column. Only DP and DP(Sim) are of interest
for the K-Pos DP system.
Status
Using the text In Command, this column displays the command groups over which
this Operator Station has control.
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Modified
Displays the time the command control state of the command groups was last
changed by this Operator Station.
Privileges
Displays the Operator Station's privileges for each command group. Takeable is the
only one of interest for the K-Pos DP system. “Takeable” means that an Operator
Station can take command of the command group in question without acceptance
from the Operator Station that was originally in command.
Overview page
To display the Overview page, click the Overview page tab.
Command Group
All Command groups are listed in this column.
In Command
Displays the Operator Station that is in command.
Modified
Displays the time when the command control state was last changed by any
Operator Station. This may be different from the time displayed for the same
command group on the DP-OS page as it shows the time the command control state
was last changed by the Operator Station that you are at.
Command Locations
Displays the Operator Stations that can take command of each command group.
The asterisks (*) means that the Operator Station can take command without
acceptance. This is usually the case for Operator Stations in K-Pos DP systems.
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Starting operations
Give page
To OS Group:
Displays the Operator Station(s) to which command can be transferred.
Give Command of:
Clicking a DP-OS in the To OS Group list, causes a list of all the command groups
over which the Operator Station you are at (here DP-OS1) currently has command,
to be displayed in this field.
Command Groups
In IAS systems, the functionality is divided into Command groups that reflect the way
in which the system will be operated. Each of these Command groups will usually
represent a specific process area, for example, Ballast, Power, Propulsion, Propulsion
Simulation, etc.
All the available information about the command groups is available at all the connected
Operator Stations, but, for each Command group, only one Operator Station can be
in command at any time.
For K-Pos DP purposes, DP and DP(Sim) are the relevant Command groups, and “Take
Command”, “Request Command” and “Give Command” are the relevant command
transfer actions.
DP
The Operator Station that controls this Command group, controls the vessel's
propulsion system. All Operator Stations can take command of DP.
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DP(Sim)
A simulation session can be performed on the Operator Station that controls this
Command group.
A training or simulation session can be performed on the Operator Station that
controls this Command group (provided that the requirements stated in Trainer
functions on page 253 are met).
For K-Pos DP operations only the DP and DP(Sim) command groups are of interest. You
select a command group by clicking its identifier in the Command Group list.
There is a folder icon for each command group. The folder icons are colour coded and
have their presentation changed to indicate the current status of each command group.
• Red, closed folder — Uncontrolled, critical command group.
• White, closed folder — Uncontrolled command group.
• Grey, closed folder — Another Operator Station is in control of the command group.
• Green, open folder — This Operator Station (here DP-OS1) is in control of the
command group.
For K-Pos DP systems, when the dialog box is open, pressing STATUS on the operator
panel closes the dialog box.
The following descriptions of controls and indicators uses DP-OS1 as an example.
Lamps
TAKE
• Lit on DP-OS1 when DP-OS1 is in command.
• Not lit on DP-OS1 when another OS is in command.
• Flashes until DP-OS1 accepts when DP-OS1 is offered command, or during the
timeout period of one minute.
• Flashes while DP-OS1 is giving command to another Operator Station, until the
other Operator Station accepts, or during the timeout period of one minute.
GIVE
• Flashes while DP-OS1 is giving command to another Operator Station, until the
other Operator Station accepts, or during the timeout period of one minute.
Text fields and buttons
The text fields display the command transfer action that will be performed when
the related button is clicked.
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Starting operations
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Controller process stations
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Redundant systems
In dual redundant systems, the controller cabinet contains two controller process stations
(PSs) that operate with a master/slave relationship.
In triple redundant systems, the controller cabinet contains three controller PSs. The
concept of majority voting is used to detect and isolate faults in the sensors and in the
K-Pos DP system itself.
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Controller process stations
Error objects
A system surveillance function keeps track of the extent to which the controller PS and
its associated IO equipment is technically capable of fulfilling its intended purpose. The
IO drivers and different system health monitoring functions automatically register “error
objects”. Each error object is identified with a unique name and is used to report the
presence or absence of errors. By communicating with other members of the redundancy
group, the system keeps track of which errors are shared between all controller PSs in
the group (common errors), which ones are exclusive to one controller PS and which
ones that make the PS incapable of controlling the process.
No weights are assigned to errors. Neither is the number of errors significant. What
makes a PS “more capable” than another is defined by the following list in the order of
falling capability:
• OK — A PS without errors
• Common error — A PS with only common errors
• Degraded — A PS with separate errors
• Incapable — An incapable, but running PS
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This automatic switching is allowed only once. Before any further auto-switching can
take place, the operator must have the fault rectified.
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Controller process stations
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PS Groups
Select the target controller PS group for all commands and operational statuses of
the dialog box from this list.
Redundancy Status
Master
The current master PS is indicated in the appropriate check box. The master PS is
designated for specific tasks only done by a single PS on behalf of the redundancy
group.
You can click the Set button to set the corresponding PS as the master.
Online
In a dual (or degraded triple) system the current online PS is indicated in the
appropriate check box.
In a fully operational triple redundant system all three PSs are online, indicated
in the appropriate check box.
Capability
Displays the Capability status (i.e. to which extent the PS is technically capable of
fulfilling its intended purpose).
• OK
No errors
• Common Error
Errors that are common to all PSs in the controller PS group.
• Degraded
Errors that are restricted to one of the PSs in the group.
• Incapable
The PS is in a state where it should not be used as the master or online PS.
Mode
Running modes are defined to structure the start-up phase, before a PS is ready to
take control.
• Inactive
The PS is not communicating. It may be in the process of initiating or loading,
or not executing at all.
• Starting
The PS is communicating, but more preparation is needed. In particular, it may
be necessary to initiate IO devices and detect their state.
• Learning
The PS is communicating and has been initiated, but is in the process of
retrieving information from other PSs, which are in Running mode. This mode
can also be entered from Running mode in cases where normal operation has
been interrupted for a while.
• Running
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In Error
The PS(s) on which the failure is detected.
Overruled
It can be useful to be able to overrule the automatic detection of failures, especially
in cases of instability. This is done by right-clicking the relevant error and selecting
Permanent On (the error is regarded as being permanently present) or Permanent
Off (the error is regarded as being permanently absent) on the shortcut menu.
Description
A list of the failures.
(Status field in the lower left corner)
The status field displays the current status of the selected controller PS group
(Ready, Requesting information..., Request for configuration failed, Request for
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capability failed, Request for state failed, Switching of Master failed and Error when
changing permanent settings).
Do not list error objects ...
When the check box is not selected all error object will be listed in the Description
column. Select this check box if you want to reduce the list and show only error
objects in the state of “Overruled” or “In Error”.
PS Operation...
Not relevant during normal operation.
Refresh
Clicking this button updates the content of the dialog box with the current
operational status.
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Sensors
Sensors
Gyrocompasses
At least one gyrocompass must be enabled at all times to provide heading information to
the system for automatic control of heading.
Gyrocompasses are enabled and controlled using the Sensors dialog box - Gyro page.
You can examine the measured values from the gyrocompasses in more detail on the
Sensor view.
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OK
The OK status for each gyrocompass is shown in the matching OK check box. The
status for all channels from the gyrocompass must be OK for the check box to be
selected. This check box is for information only.
Enable
Each gyrocompass has an associated Enable check box. Selecting this check box
enables the signals from the gyrocompass. The system will automatically disable a
gyrocompass if it is not OK, i.e. clear the Enable check box, and also make the
check box unavailable.
Preference
These option buttons allows you to specify which gyrocompass is preferred for
use by the system.
In Use
The gyrocompass that is currently used by the system to calculate the vessel's
heading is indicated in the In Use check box. If the gyrocompass is not OK or a
failure is detected, the check mark is cleared from the In Use check box, and the
system will automatically switch to another gyrocompass enabled for use.
Gyro Heading
The measured heading from the gyrocompass.
Added Correction
This text box allows you to specify a gyrocompass correction to compensate
for a possible offset of the ships gyrocompass for example compared with a
surveyor's gyrocompass. The text box is unavailable and appears dimmed when
the corresponding gyrocompass is enabled.
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Sensors
Note
To ensure consistent data for all users of a gyrocompass, it is recommended to
adjust the gyrocompass itself.
Used Heading
The measured heading from the gyrocompass with added correction.
Note
The Gyro Deviation Calculation (see Gyro Deviation dialog box on page 115) uses
the Used Heading values as input for the calculations.
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• When three gyrocompasses are enabled, the system will normally use the preferred
gyrocompass. If the difference between the measurement from one of the
gyrocompasses and the median value exceeds a predefined limit, the measurements
from this gyrocompass are rejected and an alarm will be given. If necessary, the
system will change to another gyrocompass.
Faulty gyrocompasses
If measurements from a gyrocompass are not accepted by the system, a message is given
with information about the failure. The message may define the faulty gyro directly; for
example: Gyro 1 not ready. Alternatively, it may indicate only that there is a difference
between the measurements from the available gyrocompasses. In the latter case, you
must try to find the faulty compass by comparing the received measurements with an
alternative source of heading information.
In the following examples it is assumed that two gyrocompasses are available, that both
gyrocompasses are enabled and that Gyro 1 is in use:
• If there is a failure on Gyro 2 (the gyrocompass that is not in use), disable the signals
from Gyro 2 and rectify the fault.
• If a fault is detected on Gyro 1 (the gyrocompass that is in use), the system will
switch to Gyro 2 automatically if Gyro 2 is enabled. Disable the signals from Gyro
1 and rectify the fault.
• If there is a failure on a gyrocompass and the system cannot detect which compass
is faulty; for example:
Compass difference
Do the following:
1 Check the values from the gyrocompasses on the Sensors view and use an
alternative compass to find which gyrocompass is faulty.
2 Disable the faulty gyrocompass and rectify the fault.
When a faulty gyrocompass is repaired, you should enable it again.
Heading dropout
If the vessel heading that is estimated by the Vessel Model differs significantly from the
measured vessel heading, the following message is given:
Heading prediction error
If this continues for more than two seconds, the system will assume that the information
from the gyrocompasses is unreliable and will stop updating the Vessel Model with the
measured heading. In this situation the following alarm will be given:
Heading dropout
The same alarm will occur if no gyrocompasses are enabled, or if there is a total
gyrocompass malfunction.
It is not possible to operate with automatic heading or position control in a Heading
dropout situation.
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Sensors
Go to Standby mode to reset the estimated heading from the Vessel Model to the
measured gyrocompass heading.
Check that the gyrocompasses are ready, whether the readings are drifting or if other
error messages indicate interface errors.
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Filter Time
The default value is the recommended minimum value for your vessel. The
shorter the distance between the GPS antennas, the longer the time required for
data filtering.
Calculated Correction
Correction
For each gyro the difference between the computed heading and the used heading
from the gyro is displayed.
You can select to have the Calculated Correction value displayed as a trend plot in
the Sensors view (see Sensor view on page 303) and in the Trends view (see Trends
view on page 325) using the view control dialog boxes for these views.
Std.Dev
The Standard Deviation for each estimate is displayed. If the Correction is one
degree or more, and the Std.Dev is significantly smaller, you should correct the
error on the gyro.
Based on
This displays the GPSs the calculation is based on.
Wind sensors
At least one wind sensor should be enabled at all times to provide the system with wind
speed and direction information.
Normally, input from all the available wind sensors will be enabled. The system then
receives and compares the signals from all the sensors, but uses only one of them to
calculate the wind force acting on the vessel.
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Sensors
OK
The OK status for each wind sensor is shown in the corresponding OK check box.
The status for all channels from the wind sensor must be OK for the check box to
be selected. This check box is for information only.
Enable
Each wind sensor has an associated Enable check box. Selecting this check box
enables the signals from the wind sensor.
Preference
Use these option buttons to select the operator-preferred wind sensor to be used
by the system.
In Use
Indicates the wind sensor currently used to calculate the wind force acting on the
vessel. If no errors are detected in the Wind sensor measurements, the system will
always use the operator-preferred sensor (see Preference above).
Relative Speed
The displayed wind speed is the measured wind speed relative to the vessel, not
corrected for vessel motion.
Relative Dir.
The displayed wind direction is the measured direction relative to the vessel
heading, not corrected for vessel motion.
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Manual
You can manually enter the values for wind speed and wind direction which the
system should use to calculate the wind force acting on the vessel. To enter values,
disable all sensors and click the Apply button. The In Use check box for Manual
input will be selected, the True Speed and True Dir fields will appear white, and
you may enter values using the keyboard or the Numeric Entry Keypad dialog box.
True Speed, True Dir
Display the true wind speed and direction. The present mode and whether or not
one or more sensor is enabled, determine which values are displayed in these fields:
• In Standby mode with one or more wind sensor enabled, the True Speed and
True Dir fields display the same values as Relative Speed and Relative Dir.
• In any mode other than Standby with one or more wind sensor enabled, the
True Speed and True Dir fields display the true wind speed and direction values
(filtered values).
• In any mode with no wind sensors enabled, the True Speed and True Dir fields
contain the manually-entered values for the true wind speed and direction.
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Sensors
• If a fault is detected on Wind 1 (the sensor that is in use), the system will switch to
Wind 2 automatically. Disable the signals from Wind 1 and rectify the fault.
• If there is a failure on a wind sensor and the system cannot detect which sensor
is faulty; for example:
Wind speed difference
Do the following:
1 Check the values from the wind sensors on the Sensors view and use an
alternative source of wind information to find which sensor is faulty.
2 Disable the faulty sensor and rectify the fault.
When a faulty wind sensor is repaired, you should enable it again.
Note
A wind measurement will be influenced by the location of the sensor. Differences
in measurements can arise naturally. It is important to use the sensor that is most
representative for the wind forces acting on the vessel.
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Sensors
OK
The OK status for each VRS is shown in the corresponding OK check box. The
status for all channels from the VRS must be OK for the check box to be selected.
This check box is for information only.
Enable
Each VRS has an associated Enable check box. Selecting this check box enables
the signals from the VRS.
Preference
These option buttons allow you to specify which VRS is preferred for use by the
system.
In Use
The VRS that is currently used by the system is indicated in the In Use check box.
Pitch
The measured pitch from the VRS.
Roll
The measured roll from the VRS.
Heave
The measured heave from the VRS.
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Faulty VRS
If measurements from a VRS are not accepted by the system, or if at least one of the
channels for a VRS is faulty, a message is given with information about the failure. The
message may define the faulty VRS directly; for example: VRS not ready. Alternatively,
it may only indicate that there is a difference between the measurements from the
available VRSs. In the latter situation, you must try to find the faulty sensor by
comparing the received measurements with an alternative source of VRS information.
In the following examples it is assumed that two VRSs are available, that both are
enabled, and that VRS 1 is in use:
• If there is a failure on VRS 2 (the VRS that is not in use), disable the signals from
VRS 2 and rectify the fault.
• If a fault is detected on VRS 1 (the VRS that is in use), the system will switch to VRS
2 automatically. Disable the signals from VRS 1 and rectify the fault.
• If there is a failure on a VRS and the system cannot detect which VRS is faulty;
for example,
VRS pitch difference
Do the following:
1 Check the values from the VRSs on the Sensors view and use alternative VRS
information to find which VRS is faulty.
2 Disable the faulty VRS and rectify the fault.
When a faulty VRS is repaired, you should enable it again.
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Sensors
Doppler Log
Enable
Select this check box to enable the Doppler Log speed sensor. You will not be able
to select this check box if the Doppler Log is not OK (the check box is dimmed).
In Use
The sensors that are currently used by the system is indicated in the In Use check
box. If a sensor fails, it will no longer be in use, and this check box is cleared.
Along
Shows the measured alongships vessel speed.
Athwart
Shows the measured athwartships vessel speed.
The Doppler Log speed is marked with SOG or STW depending on the type of
speed output:
• SOG — Speed over ground
• STW — Speed through water
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GPS Speed
Enable
Select this check box to enable the GPS speed sensor. You will not be able to select
this check box if the measured GPS speed is not OK (the check box is dimmed).
In Use
The sensor that is currently used by the system is indicated in the In Use check box.
If a sensor fails, it will no longer be in use, and this check box is cleared.
Speed
Shows the measured vessel speed.
Course
Shows the measured vessel course.
Note
When a failure occurs in the GPS speed and/or course signals, the Speed and
Course boxes are shown empty.
Manual Speed
Enable
Select this check box to enable Manual speed. In high speed operations it is
recommended to enable Manual when using speed sensors to have an initial
Manual value that reflects the real situation.
In Use
If the manual value is currently used by the system, it is indicated in the In Use
check box. This check box is for information only.
Along
When no speed sensors are enabled, you can enter a value in this field. This field is
not available when one or more sensors are enabled.
If you try to enter a value that is too high, a message informing you about the legal
range is displayed. You will have to change the input value to continue.
Used Speed
Shows the vessel speed used by the system. This is an average, filtered value of the
combined measurements from the In Use speed sensors or manual input.
Along
Shows the used alongships vessel speed.
Athwart
Shows the used athwartships vessel speed. This will be zero when no speed
sensors are enabled.
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Sensors
The content of this dialog box will vary according to system configuration. The dialog
box in the system installed on your vessel may display only some of the items shown in
this example.
Sensor
When Sensor is selected, you can specify the draught sensor that is to be used.
Each draught sensor has an associated Enable check box. Selecting this check box
enables the signals from this draught sensor for use by the system. If more than
one sensor is enabled, the system uses the average of all the enabled sensors. The
sensor currently used by the system is indicated in the In Use check box. If Sensor
is selected but no sensors are enabled, the Manual value is used by the system.
Operational
When Operational is selected, the predefined operational draught value is used
by the system.
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Transit
When Transit is selected, the predefined transit draught value is used by the system.
Manual
When Manual is selected, the draught value entered under Fixed Draught is used
by the system. If you try to enter a value that is too high or too low, the value is
rejected by the system and a message informing you about the legal range for
draught is displayed.
Used Draught
Shows the draught value that is currently used by the system. This field is for
information only.
OK
The OK status for each sensor is shown in the matching OK check box. This
check box is for information only.
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Sensors
Enable
Each sensor has an associated Enable check box. You enable the sensor by
selecting this box. The system will automatically disable a sensor that is not OK.
The Enable check box will be cleared and will appear dimmed.
In Use
The sensor that is currently used by the system is indicated in the In Use check box.
If no errors are detected in the ROT sensor measurements, the system will use all
the OK and enabled sensors.
Rate Of Turn
Shows the measured Rate Of Turn.
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Position information
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Position information
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This dialog box changes appearance according to the selected Co-ordinate system.
Datum
The available datums can be selected from the drop-down list.
If Local-datum is selected, the Details button must be clicked to define all the
required transformation parameters.
Details
Click this button to call up a dialog box which deals with definition of datum
transformation parameters. See Datum Details dialog box on page 132.
Co-ordinate system
Select the coordinate system to be used for displaying position information.
Local N/E
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Position information
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US State Plane
SPCS 27 and SPCS 83 are defined for NAD 27 and NAD 83 respectively. The
proper datum should therefore also be set, i.e. select NAD 27 as datum when using
SPCS 27 and select NAD 83 when using SPCS 83.
Length Unit
The length unit to be used is specified by the Length Unit option.
The Length Unit part of the dialog box changes according to the coordinate system
selected. For Local N/E, UTM and US State Plane presentations, the system allows
you to select the length unit to be used. For Geographic presentation, the system
allows you to select the display format for latitude and longitude.
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Position information
For Local-datum all fields are editable, and you must define all the required
transformation parameters (see also Reference System Properties dialog box on
page 142).
Translation
The required translation from WGS84 to the selected datum.
Rotation
The required rotation from WGS84 to the selected datum.
Scale
The required scaling from WGS84 to the selected datum.
Semimajor Axis
The semi major axis of the earth ellipsoid for the selected datum.
Flattening
The inverse flattening of the earth ellipsoid for the selected datum.
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Position information
False Easting
When UTM presentation is selected, to avoid the presentation of negative
coordinates, you can specify that a fixed offset of 500 000 m is to be added to the
east/west component of a UTM position before it is displayed.
False Northing
When UTM presentation is selected, you can specify that a fixed offset of 10 000
000 m is to be added to the north/south component of a UTM position before it
is displayed (10 000 000 m is the approximate distance from the Equator to the
North Pole in a UTM grid). This avoids the display of negative coordinates for
positions in the southern hemisphere. False Northing is normally only applicable
on the southern hemisphere.
Zone options
Automatic zone calculation
Select this box to have the UTM zone calculated automatically from the geodetic
position measurements.
Zone
The required system UTM zone (not available if the UTM zone is calculated
automatically).
Zone offset
Allows you to apply a fixed offset to the received longitude degrees when
calculating the UTM zone of a position. You can offset the system UTM zone
up to ±3°.
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• Panel buttons
• One of the following, depending on system configuration:
– Reference System Settings dialog box
– Reference System dialog box
For information about all the options available from these dialog boxes, see Reference
System Settings dialog box on page 136 and Reference System dialog box on page 139.
Panel buttons
The SENSORS button group contains buttons which enable or disable each of the
available position-reference systems. Each button has a status lamp which shows the
status of the reference system:
• Off — disabled
• Flashing — enabled and calibrating, enabled and calibrated but rejected by the DP, or
not providing data
• On — enabled and accepted (acceptable position measurements are being received)
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Position information
Position Properties
Select the required Datum for position presentation to be used on this dialog box.
Select the format of the position of origin, either Geographic, UTM or US State
Plane.
Weight
You can change the position-reference system’s relative weight.
Normal
Provides standard relative weight between the enabled position-reference systems,
i.e. all systems with equal estimated variance have equal weights.
Reduced GPS
Reduces the influence from the measured GPS positions relative to measurements
from other position-reference systems.
Reduced GPS weight is especially important if you have an oscillating GPS system,
as often will be the case in equatorial waters due to ionospheric degradation of
GPS. In this way a position-reference system with slow update rate, such as an
LBL system, will have greater influence on the model than a GPS system with
faster update rate.
Example showing typical relative weights when using 2 GPSs and 1 LBL with
similar accuracy levels:
GPS-1 GPS-2 HPR
Normal 0.33 0.33 0.33
Reduced GPS 0.10 0.10 0.80
The relative weights used are shown on the Reference system main view.
Acceptance Limits
The acceptance limit for the Prediction Test and indirectly also the Median Test
can be changed.
Narrow
Narrow limit. Corresponds to a Minimum Prediction Error circle with a small
radius. The radius may still increase due to increased noise in the position-reference
system. Narrow is recommended when operating in calm weather and with
requirements for accurate station-keeping. If all available (or the dominating)
position reference exhibit an erroneous drift in position, the system(s) will also
be rejected at an early stage before the vessel is significantly affected by the
wrong measurements.
Normal
Medium limit. The same Minimum Prediction Error limit as for Narrow is used.
There is an additional feedback mechanism where the actual deviation from the
model is used to increase the Prediction Error limit up to a maximum of 2 to 3
times the smallest radius. Normal should be applied in situations where there is
a chance that the DP model does not follow the actual movement of the vessel.
This is especially relevant when operating in rough sea. It is also applicable for
a vessel operating with another vessel alongside. A negative side-effect of this
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setting is that the system will, to a larger extent than with the Narrow setting, tend
to follow drifting position-reference systems.
Wide
Wide limit. A Minimum Prediction Error circle with an increased radius compared
to the other two settings is used. The same feedback mechanism as for Normal is
used, and the maximum value of the Prediction Error is also increased. Wide is
suitable, for example, for sailing in Mixed/Joystick mode at high speed.
Median Test
The settings of the Median Test (see Median test on page 150) can be changed.
Off
Turns off the median testing. This is indicated with the text OFF in the Median Test
field on the Refsys view, and by removal of the median test limit circle from the
plot on the Refsys view.
Warning
Turns on the median testing. When selected, a deviation warning is given if the
difference between the position data from a specific position-reference system and
the median of all online reference systems exceeds a preset warning limit.
Warning can be preferable compared to Warning and Reject (below) in some
instances. For example, when operating with two GPSs and one or two HPR
systems, and the GPSs have similar failures, Warning and Reject could lead to
rejection of the HPR by the median test.
Warning and Reject
Turns on the median testing. When selected, a reject warning is given if the
difference between the position data from a specific position-reference system and
the median of all online reference systems exceeds a preset combined warning and
reject limit. The position-reference system is rejected.
The median test limit circle is shown on the plot on the Refsys view, together with
the limit value in the Median Test field.
Set System Mode and Origin
Reset
Click this button to reset the System Origin and to deselect all position sources of
the corresponding position-reference system.
ID
Select the position sources to use for the required position-reference systems from
the drop-down lists.
System Mode
The Accepted check boxes show which position-reference systems and/or
individual position sources are currently enabled and accepted. The Monitor,
Enable and Disable option buttons are used for selecting position-reference systems
and individual position sources to monitor, enable and disable, respectively.
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Position information
A reference system enabled for monitoring will not influence the DP model (zero
weight), and it will not be included as an active reference system for the median
test. Apart from this all other reference system checking is active.
System Origin
The operator may choose to fix the reference origin of one or more reference
systems. A reference system with a fixed reference origin will not be calibrated
towards the model. Fixed reference origins can be specified by typing the
coordinates and selecting Fix. This is useful when the reference origin is known,
for example the position of an HPR or LBL transponder relative to a BOP or an
Artemis Fix antenna.
Mobile
Position sources can be specified to be mobile by selecting the corresponding
check boxes. This is important for operations such as following a mobile target.
Enable page
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Accepted
The check boxes show which position-reference systems are currently accepted.
Monitor
Check boxes for selecting position-reference systems to monitor.
A reference system enabled for monitoring will not influence the DP model (zero
weight), and it will not be included as an active reference system for the median
test. Apart from this all other reference system checking is active.
Enable
Check boxes to enable (checked) or disable (unchecked) each of the available
position-reference systems.
The Monitor and Enable check boxes for each position-reference system are mutually
exclusive. If the Monitor check box of an enabled position-reference system is selected,
this position-reference system is disabled. If the Enable check box of a monitored
position-reference system is selected, Monitor is deselected for this position-reference
system.
Weight page
Normal
Provides standard relative weight between the enabled position-reference systems,
i.e. all systems with equal estimated variance have equal weights.
Reduced GPS Weight
Reduces the influence from the measured GPS positions relative to measurements
from other position-reference systems.
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Position information
Reduced GPS weight is especially important if you have an oscillating GPS system,
as often will be the case in equatorial waters due to ionospheric degradation of
GPS. In this way a position-reference system with slow update rate, such as an
LBL system, will have greater influence on the model than a GPS system with
faster update rate.
Example showing typical relative weights when using 2 GPSs and 1 LBL with
similar accuracy levels:
GPS-1 GPS-2 HPR
Normal 0.33 0.33 0.33
Reduced GPS 0.10 0.10 0.80
The relative weights used are shown on the Reference system main view.
Validation page
Acceptance Limits
The acceptance limit for the Prediction Test (see Prediction test on page 149) and
indirectly also the Median Test can be changed.
Narrow
Narrow limit. Corresponds to a Minimum Prediction Error circle with a small
radius. The radius may still increase due to increased noise in the position-reference
system. Narrow is recommended when operating in calm weather and with
requirements for accurate station-keeping. If all available (or the dominating)
position reference exhibit an erroneous drift in position, the system(s) will also
be rejected at an early stage before the vessel is significantly affected by the
wrong measurements.
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Normal
Medium limit. The same Minimum Prediction Error limit as for Narrow is used.
There is an additional feedback mechanism where the actual deviation from the
model is used to increase the Prediction Error limit up to a maximum of 2 to 3
times the smallest radius. Normal should be applied in situations where there is
a chance that the DP model does not follow the actual movement of the vessel.
This is especially relevant when operating in rough sea. It is also applicable for
a vessel operating with another vessel alongside. A negative side-effect of this
setting is that the system will, to a larger extent than with the Narrow setting, tend
to follow drifting position-reference systems.
Wide
Wide limit. A Minimum Prediction Error circle with an increased radius compared
to the other two settings is used. The same feedback mechanism as for Normal is
used, and the maximum value of the Prediction Error is also increased. Wide is
suitable, for example, for sailing in Mixed/Joystick mode at high speed.
Median Test
The settings of the Median Test (see Median test on page 150) can be changed.
Off
Turns off the median testing. This is indicated with the text OFF in the Median Test
field on the Refsys view, and by removal of the median test limit circle from the
plot on the Refsys view.
Warning
Turns on the median testing. When selected, a deviation warning is given if the
difference between the position data from a specific position-reference system and
the median of all online reference systems exceeds a preset warning limit.
Warning can be preferable compared to Warning and Reject (below) in some
instances. For example, when operating with two GPSs and one or two HPR
systems, and the GPSs have similar failures, Warning and Reject could lead to
rejection of the HPR by the median test.
Warning and Reject
Turns on the median testing. When selected, a reject warning is given if the
difference between the position data from a specific position-reference system and
the median of all online reference systems exceeds a preset combined warning and
reject limit. The position-reference system is rejected.
The median test limit circle is shown on the plot on the Refsys view, together with
the limit value in the Median Test field.
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Position information
However, the characteristics of the position-reference system can only be defined when
it is not enabled for use or monitoring, whereas the update period and accuracy can
be specified while in operation.
The Reference System Properties dialog box can be used to define the input conversion
that is required for each position-reference system:
• For global reference systems, you must specify the datum that is used by that system
so that the position information can be converted to the selected system datum.
• For all reference systems, you can specify the offset from the antenna or sensor head
on the vessel to the vessel's Midships position, so that the position information can be
adjusted for this offset.
To display the dialog box, select Sensors→(Reference Systems) Properties.
Reference system
Select the name of the reference system from the list box. If you have changed the
properties of a reference system, and then selected another system from the list, a
dialog box is displayed prompting you want to save the changes.
Datum
For a global reference system, the datum in which the position measurements are
received. If this datum is different from the selected system datum (WGS84),
conversion to the system datum will be performed.
If position information from a global reference system is based on a predefined
datum other than those present in the Datum drop-down list, you can select
Local-datum from this drop-down list. You must then use the Position Presentation
dialog box and Datum Details dialog box (see Position Presentation dialog box
on page 129 and Datum Details dialog box on page 132, respectively) to define
the required transformation parameters.
CG Offset
Allows you to specify the offset (Ahead, STBD and Down) from the antenna or
sensor head on the vessel to the vessel's centre of gravity (Midships). The received
position information is then adjusted for this offset.
Note
Some position-reference systems have internal adjustments to CG. For these systems, the
received position information should not be adjusted by the K-Pos DP system.
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Expected values
Allows you to specify an Update Period and an Accuracy for the selected
position-reference system. The Update Period is mostly used for HPR systems. To
avoid unnecessary timeout warnings, you can extend the Update Period and thus
the time before a warning is issued. The Accuracy value is used for calibration
purposes and when testing the accuracy of the position-reference system. If
calibration fails, increase the value to ease calibration of a position-reference
system. Note that the higher the value entered in the Accuracy text box, the wider
the limits for the tests on position-reference systems.
Error ellipse
The system calculates a variance of the measurements for each position-reference
system. Based on these calculations, the system places different weighting on
their measurements according to each system’s individual quality and gives
more emphasis on the position-reference systems that are providing the best
measurements. The higher the system’s variance, the lower its weighting factor.
In addition, an error ellipse may be used while calculating the accuracy of the
measurements — check box selected.
For some reference systems this error ellipse can be too large and pessimistic,
resulting in lower weighting of the reference system than necessary. De-select
the check box to switch off the function for including the error ellipse in the
calculations.
To change the selection of the function, the reference system should be de-selected
(the respective button on the panel unlit).
Depending on the type of position-reference system and its internal settings, this
function can be permanently set to on or off and not available for the operator to
select it.
Details
Clicking this button opens an extension of the Reference System Properties dialog
box (see Position Presentation dialog box on page 129). This expansion allows
you to set up a quality filter, defined as a general satellite navigation system filter
for both GPS, GLONASS and GNSS reference systems.
The Details button is only present in the Reference System Properties dialog box
when one of the above satellite navigation reference systems has been selected in
the list box.
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Position information
No differential correction
Allows you to select a filter action if no differential data is available/received. This
is considered to be an important parameter, and a warning or an alarm must always
be given. It is therefore not possible to select None as an action.
MIN number of satellites (≥3)
Allows you to type the minimum number of satellites in the corresponding text
box and to select filter action. The number of satellites you enter must be larger
than or equal to the preconfigured number displayed on the dialog box (3 in the
example shown).
MAX HDOP (1.0-10.0)
Allows you to type a maximum value for the HDOP (Horizontal Dilution Of
Precision) in the text box and to select filter action. The HDOP represents the
quality of the derived position and clock bias estimates. This number is based
on the geometry of the satellite constellation. The more spread out the satellite
positions are, the lower the HDOP becomes. Low number results in less errors in
position and clock bias.
Time freeze detection
Allows you to select a filter action for the UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, i.e.
common standard time) freeze detect function. This quality filter function only
applies when receiving telegrams containing clock data.
Coordinate systems
Global and local position-reference systems
Position information from position-reference systems may be received by the K-Pos DP
system in many different forms:
• Global position-reference systems such as GPS provide position information as
Latitude and Longitude in a geodetic coordinate system. The applicable datum must
be known (for example: WGS84, ED87).
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System datum
The controller always uses an internal geographic coordinate system, with a specified
system datum, WGS84.
• All position information from global reference systems which use a different datum
are converted internally to WGS 84. (To select the datum to be used for display of
position information, see Position Presentation dialog box on page 129.)
• Position information in UTM format is converted to geographic coordinates.
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Position information
Note
Recalibrating the origin reference system will give new coordinates for the reference
origin system (can vary from zero) unless the reference system/transponder is set to be
fixed (see System Origin in Reference System Settings dialog box on page 136).
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Freeze test
If a position-reference system has an internal error causing the same measurements to be
continuously sent to the Vessel Model, the system could, if no precautions were taken,
mistake the data for good and stable measurements.
The freeze test rejects repeated measurements. The K-Pos DP system treats repeated
reports of the same position from one position-reference system with caution. The
position-reference system is monitored and its input rejected if the variation in its
position measurements is less than a predefined limit over a given time period. The
following alarm message is displayed in the Event List view:
Reference position frozen
You should disable the frozen position-reference system.
Note
By configuration, the freeze test is disabled for some position-reference systems (usually
GPS/Artemis) due to the resolution in the data from these position-reference systems.
Variance test
The K-Pos DP system calculates a variance for each of the position-reference systems
in use.
The system assigns different weightings to each position-reference system, based on
its calculated variance. In this way, the system is able to place more emphasis on the
position-reference systems that are providing the best measurements. The higher the
system's variance, the lower its weighting factor.
The following Warning Message is displayed in the Event List view if the variance of
a position-reference system exceeds a system-set limit:
Reference high noise
The position-reference system is not rejected in this event, but the K-Pos DP system
places little emphasis on the position-reference system in question.
The variance test detects if the variance in the measured values exceeds the reject limit.
The variance reject limit is based on the expected variance of the position-reference
system. The following Warning Message is displayed in the Event List view when a
position-reference system is rejected due to too high variance:
Reference high variance
You should disable the position-reference system if the event of high variance is
recurring. No corrective actions are necessary if the problem is intermittent only.
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Position information
Prediction test
The prediction test detects sudden jumps in the measured position, and immediately
rejects those that lie outside the limits, see Figure 21 on page 149. The test will
also reject data that drift away from the Vessel Model's predictions. The limit for the
Prediction test is a function of the actual measurement accuracy (calculated variance).
Rejected measurement
Rejection limit
Model prediction
Measurement
Rejection limit
TIME
(CD3293)
If the Prediction test limits are exceeded, the following warning message is displayed
in the Event List view:
Reference Prediction Error
When this warning message is displayed, you should verify that the correct
position-reference system is rejected. You can then disable the position-reference system
that causes the prediction error.
The prediction error limit of the most accurate position-reference system at any time,
called the Minimum Prediction Error Limit, is displayed on the Reference system main
view.
Irrespective of the accuracy of a position-reference system, the prediction error limit is
usually not set to less than 4m. This is done to avoid rejecting accurate position-reference
systems.
Divergence test
When two or more position-reference systems are in use, this slow drift test detects when
measurements from one position-reference system differ from the other(s). The limit is
taken as 70% of the prediction error limit.
The purpose of the test is to give an early indication of systematic errors before the
position-reference system is rejected by the prediction test. This test only warns the
operator, and does not automatically reject data. The following warning message is
displayed in the Event List view:
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Median test
The median test can be performed when three or more position-reference systems
are in use. The median position is computed from the filtered measurements that are
independent of the Vessel Model.
The Median test is primarily intended to reject slowly drifting position-reference systems.
Unlike the prediction test, the median test is independent of the DP model. This implies
that a position-reference system can be rejected even though its measurements do not
deviate from the Vessel Model, as can be the case with slowly drifting position-reference
systems.
Reject limit
around total
median line
North
Median
line
Measurement
from system B
Measurement
from system C
POSITION
(CD2971) EAST
When the Median test is active, a blue circle with radius equal to the Median Test Limit
and with centre at the median value of all positions given by the position-reference
systems, is displayed on the Reference system main view. The Median Test Limit is
taken as 80 % of the Minimum Prediction Error Limit.
The operator may choose to reject an inaccurate position-reference system, or only to
have a warning displayed.
The following warning message is displayed in the Event List view when a
position-reference system is rejected:
Reference median rejected
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Position information
When this warning message is displayed, you should verify that the correct
position-reference system is rejected. The position-reference system that is verified to
be in error must be disabled. If the reference system is not disabled, this may lead to
rejection of a potentially more accurate reference system by the Prediction test.
If measurements from more than one position-reference system are outside the Median
Test Limit, only the system with the longest distance to the Median position is rejected.
This system will take part in the Median testing in the next sample (unless it is disabled
by the operator).
In a situation with several drifting position-reference systems, disabling of a reference
system may lead to a sudden change in the Median position, as illustrated in Figure 23.
Position reference systems A and C are outside the median test limits. C is rejected.
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C has been disabled by the operator and therefore does not take part in the test. This
causes Median position to change. Position-reference system A is now outside the
median test limit. A is rejected.
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Position information
• The status lamp for the selected position-reference system will flash during the
calibration process.
4 Check that the status lamp of the selected position-reference system button becomes
steadily lit to indicate that acceptable position measurements are being received.
5 Check that the following information message is displayed in the Event List view:
Reference origin <system><vessel pos. north><vessel pos. east>
• The origin of this position-reference system is now used as the reference origin.
6 Allow the Vessel Model to stabilise before enabling any additional position-reference
systems.
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Position dropout
If the vessel position is under automatic control and all position-reference input is lost or
rejected, the following alarm message is displayed:
All reference systems rejected
After 20 seconds without reference input, the following alarm is given:
Position dropout
This means that the system is currently using only the estimated position from the Vessel
Model, and that this position has not been updated with measured positions for at least
20 seconds (“dead reckoning” mode).
When this message is generated, the setpoint is set automatically to the current estimated
vessel position.
The status lamps of all previously enabled position-reference systems will be flashing
as the system tries to recalibrate.
You can remain in Position dropout, but the following points must be noted:
• The displayed vessel position is the estimated position from the Vessel Model. After
a few minutes, the vessel may begin to pick up speed in one direction, without this
being reflected on the display.
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Position information
• A calibration of the lost position-reference systems may occur at any time. This will
normally have no immediate effect on the vessel's movement, but if the calibrated
system is unreliable or drifting, the vessel may begin to move. In this event, you must
examine the Posplot view for any jumps in the displayed vessel position.
The recommended action in Position dropout (if operational circumstances allow) is:
1 Return the system to joystick control in all axes and use the joystick to manoeuvre
the vessel. When at least one reliable position-reference system is successfully
calibrated, return to the required operational mode.
2 When at least one reliable position-reference system is successfully calibrated,
return to the required operational mode.
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Standby mode
The Standby mode is a waiting and reset mode in which the system is in a high state of
readiness, but in which no vessel control commands can be made. It is the default mode
when the system is first switched on. In Standby mode you can prepare the system
for operation.
From this mode, you can take the system to Joystick mode (see Joystick mode on
page 157) or start the built-in trainer (see Using the trainer on page 253).
Note
When in Standby mode, ignore any displayed position information.
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Main modes and operating procedures
Joystick mode
In Joystick mode, the operator controls the movement of the vessel using the three-axis
joystick.
The following applies if the operator is facing forwards or aft when looking at the
display screen:
• Moving the joystick forward/back controls the vessel in the surge axis.
• Moving the joystick left/right controls the vessel in the sway axis.
• Rotating the joystick rotates the vessel (the yaw axis).
The following applies if the operator is facing to port or starboard when looking at
the display screen:
• Moving the joystick forward/back controls the vessel in the sway axis.
• Moving the joystick left/right controls the vessel in the surge axis.
• Rotating the joystick rotates the vessel (the yaw axis).
Refer also to the following sections:
• Joystick Settings dialog box on page 73
• Thruster Allocation dialog box on page 186
• Rotation centre for joystick manoeuvring on page 75
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Main modes and operating procedures
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Main modes and operating procedures
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Main modes and operating procedures
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• The vessel starts to slow down (loose speed) in the surge and sway axes in a
controlled manner at a rate that depends on the selected controller gain.
• When the vessel speed (in both the surge and sway axes) is reduced to less than
predefined limits, automatic position control is enabled and the SURGE, SWAY
and PRESENT POSITION button status lamps become steadily lit. The current
vessel position becomes the position setpoint, and the system automatically
keeps the vessel at this position.
• The deviation between the estimated position and the position setpoint is shown
on the Position area on the display.
If Green controller mode is desired, continue as follows:
7 Allow the vessel to stabilise in Auto Position mode for about 15 minutes to attain
optimal performance in the Green controller mode.
8 Select Green controller mode with the required area set in the Gain dialog box (see
Gain dialog box on page 65) and apply.
• The defined area is displayed on the Posplot view. The inner and outer areas are
indicated with dashed circles with green shading on the inner area.
Note
No change in position or heading should be attempted during the first five minutes after
entering Auto Position mode in order to allow the Vessel Model to stabilise. For critical
DP operations or during difficult weather/current conditions, this initial time period
should be extended to at least 15 minutes.
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Changing the position setpoint
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Note
The position setpoint has not changed and the PRESENT POSITION button status
lamp is not lit.
4 Deselect the STOP button and the vessel will continue the movement to the defined
position setpoint.
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Changing the position setpoint
• A temporary position setpoint symbol is displayed at the new position and the
coordinates, distance and both true and relative direction from the present
position setpoint are displayed on the Position dialog box.
4 Either click the OK button to accept the new position setpoint, or click the Cancel
button to continue using the existing setpoint.
Range
Enter the range from the Present Setpoint to the New Setpoint in this text box.
True Bearing
Enter the true bearing from the Present Setpoint to the New Setpoint in this text box.
A temporary setpoint symbol is displayed on the Posplot view showing the position of
the New Setpoint relative to the Present Setpoint.
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You can enter an increment by typing a value into the increment spin box. You can adjust
the size of the increment by clicking on the up or down arrows next to the increment
spin box.
To add the selected increment in a particular direction to the New Setpoint coordinates,
click Ahead, Astern, PORT or STBD as appropriate. Each time you click one of these,
the New Setpoint coordinates are adjusted and the temporary setpoint symbol on the
Posplot view is moved accordingly.
Range
Shows the range from the Present Setpoint position to the New Setpoint position.
True Bearing
Shows the true bearing from the Present Setpoint position to the New Setpoint
position.
Inc page
The Inc (Incremental) page allows you to define the position setpoint relative to the
existing setpoint.
You can select either Relative or True increments. An increment can be entered by typing
a value into the increment spin box. The size of the increment can be adjusted by clicking
on the up or down arrows next to the increment spin box.
To add the selected increment in a particular direction to the New Setpoint coordinates,
click Ahead/Astern/Port/Starboard or North/South/East/West as appropriate. Each time
you click one of these, the New Setpoint coordinates are adjusted and the temporary
setpoint symbol on the Posplot view is moved accordingly.
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Changing the position setpoint
New Setpoint
Shows the coordinates that will be used for the new position setpoint when you
click the OK or Apply button.
A temporary setpoint symbol is displayed on the Posplot view showing the position
of the New Setpoint relative to the Present Setpoint.
Relative
This applies increments Ahead/Astern/Port/Starboard.
True
This applies increments North/South/East/West.
From Present Setpoint to New Setpoint
Shows the Range and True Bearing from the Present Setpoint position to the New
Setpoint position.
R/B page
The R/B page allows you to define the position setpoint using range and bearing.
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New Setpoint
Shows the coordinates that will be used for the new position setpoint when you
click the OK or Apply button.
A temporary setpoint symbol is displayed on the Posplot view showing the position
of the New Setpoint relative to the Present Setpoint.
To define a new position setpoint, enter the range and bearing in the Range and
Bearing text boxes.
Start position
Choose whether the new position setpoint is to be calculated relative to the Present
Setpoint or the Present Position by clicking the matching option button.
Bearing
Select either True or Relative bearing by clicking the matching option button.
From Present Setpoint to New Setpoint
Shows the Range and True Bearing from the Present Setpoint position to the New
Setpoint position.
Abs page
The Abs page allows you to define the position setpoint using absolute coordinates.
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Changing the position setpoint
New Setpoint
Shows the coordinates that will be used for the new position setpoint when you
click the OK or Apply button. You can enter New Setpoint coordinates by typing
the required coordinates directly into the New Setpoint boxes.
A temporary setpoint symbol is displayed on the Posplot view showing the position
of the New Setpoint relative to the Present Setpoint.
Previous Setpoint
Shows the coordinates of the previous position setpoint. Clicking the Use button
writes these coordinates into the New Setpoint boxes. This feature can be used to
return the vessel to a previous position.
From Present Setpoint to New Setpoint
Shows the Range and True Bearing from the Present Setpoint position to the New
Setpoint position.
Speed page
The Speed page allows you to specify the speed at which the vessel should try to move
during a change of position.
The speed setpoint applies only when the surge and sway axes are under automatic
control.
As the vessel approaches the position setpoint, the speed setpoint is reduced to zero.
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New Setpoint
Either enter the required value in the New Setpoint spin box, or use the up and down
arrows to adjust the setpoint by the selected increment or decrement defined in the
Increase/Decrease speed step spin box.
Note
If the speed setpoint is set to 0.0, the vessel will not change position.
If the speed setpoint has been set to 0.0 and the vessel's rotation centre has been set to
another position than Midships, it will not be possible to perform a change of heading.
This is because a heading change with a rotation centere other than Midships implies a
change of position which requires a speed setpoint that is not zero.
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Changing the position setpoint
Either enter the required value in the Speed Setpoint spin box, or use the up and down
arrows to adjust the setpoint by the selected increment or decrement defined in the
Increase/Decrease speed step spin box.
Note
If the speed setpoint is set to 0.0, the vessel will not change position.
If the speed setpoint has been set to 0.0 and the vessel's rotation center has been set to
another position than Midships, it will not be possible to perform a change of heading.
This is because a heading change with a rotation center other than Midships implies a
change of position which requires a speed setpoint that is not zero.
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
The options available on the Low Speed and Relaxed Control pages are identical.
The acceleration/deceleration factors on the Low Speed page are those that are used when
neither Relaxed Control nor High Speed apply.
The acceleration/deceleration factors on the Relaxed Control page are those that are used
when Relaxed Controller mode is selected.
The acceleration/deceleration factors on the High Speed page are those that are used in
Auto Track (high speed) and Autopilot modes (refer to the separate Auto Track Mode
and AutoPilot Mode operator manuals).
Controller Reference
The acceleration and deceleration factors (Surge, Sway and Yaw) can be set
in the range 0.0 to 100%, and represent a percentage of maximum available
acceleration/deceleration. The selections on the Low Speed and Relaxed Control
pages are identical. On the High Speed page only acceleration/deceleration factors
in the Yaw axis can be specified.
Acceleration Factor
As the vessel starts a change of position, the vessel speed is increased to the speed
setpoint using the selected acceleration factors in the surge and sway axes.
As the vessel starts a change of heading, the Rate Of Turn is increased to the Rate
Of Turn setpoint using the selected acceleration factor in the yaw axis.
Decelaration Factor
As the vessel approaches the new position setpoint, the vessel speed is decreased
to zero using the selected deceleration factor in the surge and sway axes.
174 385575/D
Changing the position setpoint
As the vessel approaches the new heading setpoint, the Rate Of Turn is decreased
to zero using the selected deceleration factor in the yaw axis.
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
Note
The different methods for changing the heading setpoint cannot be used at the same
time. When the Heading dialog box is open, you cannot mark a new setpoint on the
Posplot view.
176 385575/D
Changing the heading setpoint
4 Deselect the STOP button and the vessel will continue the rotation to the defined
heading setpoint.
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178 385575/D
Changing the heading setpoint
2 With the Heading Setpoint dialog box displayed, rotate the Heading Wheel clockwise
or counter-clockwise to increase (to starboard) or decrease (to port) the heading
setpoint, or use the INCREASE and DECREASE buttons (typically 0.1 degree for
each press).
Note
The Heading Setpoint dialog box must be displayed if rotation of the Heading Wheel is to
have an effect. When not used, the dialog box is automatically closed.
Heading page
The Heading page of Heading dialog box allows you to define the heading setpoint.
While entering data on the Heading page, before you click the OK or Apply button,
a temporary heading setpoint symbol is displayed on the Posplot view showing the
proposed heading setpoint.
When System Selected is chosen as Strategy, the heading chosen by the system depends
on the current operational mode. For example, in Auto Position mode the system will
select the heading that requires the minimum power to be maintained in the current
environmental conditions. This heading will change continuously according to the
prevailing environmental forces on the vessel.
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
Note
When changing the heading setpoint, the turn direction will depend on the new heading
setpoint. The shortest turn is always used.
New Setpoint
Shows the heading that will be used as the new heading setpoint when you click
the OK or Apply button. When Operator Selected is chosen under Strategy, you
can enter the Heading Setpoint by typing the required heading or by increasing or
decreasing the value by clicking the arrows next to the New Setpoint spin box.
A temporary heading setpoint symbol is displayed on the Posplot view showing
the proposed heading setpoint.
Previous Setpoint
Shows the previous heading setpoint. Clicking the Use button writes this heading
into the New Setpoint box. You can therefore use this feature to return the vessel
to a previous heading.
Offset From Present Setpoint
Shows the difference in heading between the New Setpoint and the Present Setpoint.
This value is updated dynamically when you enter the new heading setpoint.
Strategy
System Selected
If you choose System Selected, the displayed system-selected heading is written
into the New Setpoint box. When you click the OK or Apply button, the system will
continue to determine what the heading setpoint should be.
This function is available when the environmental conditions are above a certain
limit. When system heading is selected, the alarm limits are turned off.
Operator Selected
If you choose Operator Selected, you can enter the Heading Setpoint using any
of the other methods described here.
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Changing the heading setpoint
New Setpoint
Either enter the required value in the New Setpoint box, or use the up and
down arrows to adjust the setpoint by the selected increment or decrement
(Increase/Decrease step).
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To display the dialog box, select Settings→(Control) Acceleration and then click the
required page tab.
See Acceleration/Deceleration Settings dialog box on page 173 for more information
about this dialog box.
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Thrusters
Thrusters
Enabling thrusters
When a thruster can be enabled for K-Pos DP control, the thruster is shown as Ready
on the Thruster main view (see Thruster main view on page 309) and on the Thruster
Enable dialog box.
There are generally two criteria for a thruster Ready status:
• The individual thruster must be running.
• The individual thruster must be available for K-Pos DP control.
The K-Pos DP system uses only those thrusters that are enabled for use by the system.
The thrusters can be enabled and disabled using the Thruster Enable dialog box. You
can also monitor if the thrusters are running and ready.
The THRUSTERS button group contains buttons used to enable or disable each of the
available thruster units for K-Pos DP control. Each thruster button has a status lamp
which is lit when the thruster is enabled.
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Thrusters /
Rudders
Enable/disable All
Selecting or clearing this check box allows you to enable or disable all thrusters
and rudders for K-Pos DP control simultaneously.
Running
These check boxes show whether the thrusters are running or not. When a thruster
status is set as running, the K-Pos DP ystem reads the feedback signal from the
thruster and calculates the resulting thruster force.
Under certain conditions, the operator can switch the thruster Running signals
on/off. The running status can be changed in this way only if all of the following
conditions are satisfied:
• The running status is not interfaced directly from the thruster to the K-Pos DP
system.
• The thruster is not Ready.
• The system configuration allows manual setting of thruster running status.
Rdy
These check boxes show whether the thrusters are Ready for K-Pos DP control.
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Thrusters
Enable
These check boxes allow you to enable or disable each of the thrusters for K-Pos
DP control. The system will automatically disable a thruster if it is not Ready,
i.e. clear the Enable check box, and also make the check box unavailable, thus
indicating that before a thruster can be enabled, it must be Ready.
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Thruster Start
Turns on and off automatic start of thrusters in all groups.
Thruster Enable
Turns on and off automatic enabling of thrusters in all groups.
(thruster) Group
Start request limit
Allows you to set the force setpoint limit (in %) for automatic start of a thruster.
The force setpoint limit is set individually for each thruster group.
Start request delay
Allows you to set the delay (in seconds) following a violation of the start request
limit, before performing an automatic start of a thruster. The Start request delay is
set individually for each thruster group.
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Thrusters
The configuration and operational requirements of the vessel determines the thruster
allocation modes that are implemented in the K-Pos DP system, as well as the criteria
for the automatic mode switch. Details of the available thruster allocation modes are
provided with the configuration information for each vessel.
For some of the modes (FIX, HEAVE RED, MANUAL FIX, and, when available,
ENVIRON FIX), a sufficient number of thrusters must be enabled to select the mode. The
system will automatically switch back to the default thruster allocation mode (normally
VARIABLE mode), if you deselect thrusters or thrusters lose their READY status.
To display the dialog box, select Thruster→Allocation Mode or press the ALLOC. SETUP
button.
Mode
For the azimuth thrusters, you can choose between various thruster allocation
modes. The currently-selected thruster allocation mode is shown both on the
Thruster Allocation dialog box and on the Thruster main view (see Thruster main
view on page 309).
Depending on the operational mode, illegal thruster allocation modes are
unavailable on the Thruster Allocation dialog box.
Some azimuth thruster allocation modes can be configured to comprise thruster
biasing. Thruster biasing (see Thruster biasing on page 193) can also be available
as a dedicated thruster allocation mode with its own name. The following are some
typical examples of azimuth thruster allocation modes:
VARIABLE
The system automatically changes the angle of the azimuth thrusters so that the
thrust is always angled in the optimum direction. In order to reduce wear and tear
on the azimuth thrusters due to continuous changes in the azimuth thruster angles,
a dead-band function is incorporated.
Use this mode when the environmental forces acting on the vessel are large and
are not constantly changing direction.
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A set of prohibited zones for each thruster can be predefined to prevent a particular
thruster from interfering with other thrusters, the hull or other equipment. What
happens to the thrust when a thruster passes a prohibited zone can be predefined
for each zone (for example, the thrust can be reduced).
FIX
The system automatically selects a fixed angle for each azimuth thruster. When the
environmental force is small and constantly changing direction, this mode can be
used in order to avoid continuous changes in the azimuth thruster angle.
If disabling and then re-enabling a thruster with a negative pitch or RPM, the
system will automatically turn the thruster 180°.
FIX WEATHER STBD
The system automatically selects a fixed angle for each azimuth thruster, suitable
for counteracting environmental forces from the starboard side.
ENVIRON FIX
A set of alternative, fixed angles are predefined for each azimuth thruster. The
system will choose the best predefined angle in the set, based on the direction of
the environmental forces when the mode is enabled.
If disabling and then re-enabling a thruster with a negative pitch or RPM, the
system will automatically turn the thruster 180°.
FIX WEATHER PORT
The system automatically selects a fixed angle for each azimuth thruster, suitable
for counteracting environmental forces from the port side.
DIVING
This is identical to VARIABLE azimuth mode except that the two modes have
separate configuration of prohibited zones. It is used to activate dedicated zones
during diving operations to prevent the sending of thruster wash towards the
umbilical or diving bell.
This mode can also be used to protect other kinds of equipment, such as HPR and
LTW, and will then be named accordingly.
What happens to the thrust when a thruster passes a prohibited zone can be
predefined for each zone (for example, the thrust can be reduced).
STEERING
Azimuth thrusters not used for steering will have predefined fixed angles for
use in Autopilot mode. This allocation mode is automatically selected when the
system is in Autopilot mode or in Auto Track (high Speed) mode (when the speed
is high-high).
HEAVE RED
When using heave reduction, excessive thrust is applied to increase the
hydrodynamic damping of the vessel. This reduces the motion of the vessel
induced by wave forces. The effect can be used to reduce the motions when
particularly critical operations are to be carried out, for example crane operations,
transfer of personnel, etc.
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Thrusters
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
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Thrusters
Rudder/Nozzle control
The Rudder/Nozzle Control function uses the rudder/nozzle to generate sideways thrust,
either as an addition to stern thrusters or alone if no lateral stern thrusters are available.
This function is designed for operation with two main propellers and
individually-controlled rudders/nozzles. The rudders may be of traditional or high
performance type.
For example, during station-keeping modes, one main propeller and rudder/nozzle are
used to generate forward directional thrust within the rudder/nozzle angle limits. The
second rudder/nozzle is set in the neutral position, and the second propeller is used to
reverse and counteract any excess thrust generated alongships by the first.
The operator can limit the MAX Rudder Angle (see Allocation Settings dialog box on
page 189), and can use the MANUAL FIX allocation mode (see Thruster Allocation
dialog box on page 186) when this is included in the delivery.
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
Normal
In this mode the power optimal allocation will first of all allocate thrust within
the given power limitations.
Even Load
In this mode the thrust is allocated so that the load is as even and as low as
possible on all connect-switchboards. The mode can also be used to prevent
unnecessary automatic standby start of generators and to give less wear and tear
on the generators.
Even Load (with zero bus-tie current flow)
In this mode the thrust is allocated so that the current through the operator
defined bus-tie is as low as possible. This functionality utilises the interface for
heavy-consumer load (one per switchboard). The hotel load is assumed to be
shared equally on the switchboards in a connect-switcboard.
Reduced swbd load mode
In this mode the operator can specify wanted maximum power consumption on
one or more connect-switchboards. The K-Pos DP system will allocate thrust
192 385575/D
Thrusters
so that the limits are normally not exceeded. The limits will be exceeded only
to avoid insufficient thrust, and will hence not reduce the DP capability in any
way. The mode can be used to prevent automatic standby start of generators on
operator-selected connect-switchboards. It can also be used to increase load on not
selected connect-switchboards to “clean” the associated diesel engines.
Thruster biasing
Thruster Biasing allows azimuth thrusters to counteract each other in groups so that
the resulting effect of the biasing is zero.
Each group can contain either two or three thrusters. Thruster biasing does not limit
the use of the thrusters since the counteraction will be reduced when the total demand
increases. The operator can specify the level of biasing.
Up to six thruster groups can be preconfigured.
This function is useful in the following situations:
• When an azimuth thruster cannot give zero thrust. Other azimuth thrusters or main
propellers can be used to compensate for this minimum force.
• When a higher power consumption is required (than what is actually needed for
positioning).
• When the weather is calm.
• When heave reduction is required combined with variable azimuth mode.
Depending on the vessel configuration, the Thruster Biasing function can also:
• Reduce the turning of azimuth thrusters when the force setpoint is changing, thereby
improving the effective thruster response and the positioning accuracy.
• Improve the damping of vessel motion.
The Thruster Biasing dialog box can be configured to suit the individual needs of each
vessel, and the contents (number and configuration of thruster groups and columns)
will tend to vary from vessel to vessel.
Two examples of the Thruster Biasing dialog box are described in the following sections.
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
Group Name
The predefined name of the thruster group. The thruster groups are shown
colour-coded on the small thruster force model on the Thruster main view (see
Thruster main view on page 309).
In use
Select this check box to turn on the Thruster Biasing function for this thruster
group.
Thrusters
Shows the thruster numbers to counteract each other in each group. A special
situation is when there is only one thruster in a group. The text boxes for this
group then appear dimmed, with the thruster number shown only in the first text
box. With two or more thrusters in a group, you can define the thrusters to interact.
An error checking routine informs if:
• The same thruster number is specified twice in the same group.
• The same thruster number is specified in two different groups.
• An illegal thruster number is entered.
• An illegal thruster type is entered.
These checks only apply for thruster groups that have the In use check box selected.
Bias
The minimum force to be used for each thruster when running the thrusters to
counteract each other.
Turn factor
The thrusters will work towards each other (when the Inwards check box selected
(see Inwards on page 202) until this force level is reached. When this level is
reached, one thruster will turn, and they will both work in the same direction (see
Turn factor on page 200).
Angle factor
Determines the relative priority of angle against force to satisfy the force demand
(see Angle factor on page 201).
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Thrusters
Spin
If one thruster in this group is disabled and the other is not, and the demand to the
enabled thruster is less than the Bias force, you can choose to spin the enabled
thruster.
Inwards
When two thrusters are counteracting each other, you can choose between running
them towards each other (Inwards check box selected), or away from each other
(Inwards check box not selected) (see Inwards on page 202).
Thrusters
Shows the thruster numbers to counteract each other in each group. With two or
more thrusters in a group, you can define the thrusters to interact when By Operator
is selected (see Thruster Select below).
Bias
The minimum force to be used for each thruster when running the thrusters to
counteract each other. You can enter a required Bias value when By Operator is
selected (see Thruster Select below).
Thruster Select
Allows you to set the system to change bias pairs automatically as a function
of demand direction. In the Thruster Select group box, you can choose between
Automatic, By Operator or No Bias.
Used
A check mark in this column indicates the option (Automatic, By Operator or No
Bias) used by the system.
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
Automatic
When selected (see Figure 24), the Thrusters and Bias columns become dimmed,
i.e. unavailable for editing by the operator. The system selects thruster bias groups
automatically based on a predefined setting. The demand direction decides which
group setup is selected.
If a thruster becomes the only enabled thruster in a group, this thruster can (based
on certain criteria) join another group. The thrusters will then counteract each
other so that the resulting thrust is zero for this “new” group. When a thruster joins
a group, the thruster number is shown below the text Joined on the Thruster Biasing
dialog box, adjacent to the numbers of the other thrusters in the group.
Figure 24 Thruster Biasing - Thruster 4 has joined the group containing thruster 7 and
8 because thruster 5 is disabled
By Operator
With Thruster Select set to By Operator, the operator can select the thrusters in
each group by typing the required thruster numbers, and enter Bias values or
select Total Bias.
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Thrusters
No Bias
With Thruster Select set to No Bias, the system is still in thruster bias main thruster
allocation mode, but no bias is applied.
Total Bias
Use
When Use is selected, a total common bias can be entered. You can also monitor
the total applied bias on the dialog box.
Request
When the total bias is entered in this spin box, this bias value is distributed to all
of the bias groups. If the bias was initially equal for each group, the total bias is
distributed equally. If, however, the bias was initially unequal for each group, the
total will be distributed in the same proportion as the initial proportions.
Applied
This text box shows the difference of the thrust before and after total bias was
applied.
Bias Type
The Bias Type group box only becomes available when running in FIX thruster
allocation mode. The frame appears dimmed in all other thruster allocation modes.
You can select between PORT, STBD or Both in this frame. By default the Bias
Type is set to Both.
When running in FIX thruster allocation mode the K-Pos DP system automatically
selects a fixed angle for each azimuth thruster, i.e. the azimuth thrusters cannot
turn.
You can use the Bias Type settings in the Thruster Biasing function to work around
this restriction. Depending on the direction of applied thruster setpoint, removal of
the thruster biasing on specific thrusters in a group can be allowed. In this situation,
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
the thruster will run below its bias value, including negative values (e.g. pitch/rpm).
The thruster will not turn, but the thruster force will be in the opposite direction.
In the following examples we have set (by operator) thrusters 7 and 8 to be in the
group 3 (and thus to counteract each other). The vessel is run in Joystick mode
using the joystick to control the thruster setpoint. The effects of the configured
Bias Types Both, PORT and STBD on thruster behaviour are described.
When Bias Type is set to Both and thruster setpoint to starboard, a bias is applied on
both thruster 7 and 8. Thruster 7 cannot turn because it is in FIX thruster allocation
mode (see Figure 25). The same will happen when you set the thruster setpoint to
port. Thruster 8 will not turn. None of the thrusters will go below the Bias value
you have set for the group 3.
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Thrusters
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
Turn factor
The Turn factor determines when to turn a thruster within a group, instead of continuing
to counteract the other thruster. In the examples below, the maximum force for each
thruster is 10 tonnes and the idle or bias force is 2 tonnes.
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Thrusters
5 T demand
Starboard thruster counteracting
port thruster .
7T 2T
5.99 T demand
Port thruster about to reach 80%.
Starboard thruster will start turning.
7.99 T 2T
6.0 T demand
Port thruster reached 80%, so
starboard thruster turned.
3T 3T (Increasing turn factor to 90% would
turn starboard thruster back again.)
(CD3325)
Angle factor
The Angle factor determines the relative priority of angle against force to satisfy the
force setpoint. In the examples below, the same 10 tonnes demand ahead is achieved,
but more thrust is used in example 1 (with a higher angle factor), than in example 3
(with a lower angle factor).
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Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
(CD3326)
Inwards
When two thrusters are counteracting each other, the Inwards check box determines
whether they should be run towards each other or away from each other. The examples
below show various situations with Inwards both selected and not selected. The specified
setpoint is the force setpoint for this group.
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Thrusters
3T 3T 3T 3T
7T 2T 2T 7T
(CD3327)
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Configuration
Minimum RPM %
For each of the listed thrusters, the operator can specify a minimum percentage
value for the RPM. The RPM will not fall below this limit when Sequential or
Stepwise Combinator Control Mode is selected.
Minimum RPM is not applicable for Full Combinator Control Mode and is therefore
unavailable (appears dimmed) when this mode is selected.
Combinator Control Mode
Sequential
The RPM is kept fixed at the Minimum RPM limit for low force demands. The
RPM will only increase if the force demand is higher than what can be dealt with
by varying the pitch. The pitch setpoint will always be +100% or –100% when the
RPM setpoint is higher than the Minimum RPM limit.
Stepwise
The RPM will be stepped up (respective down) if the filtered pitch setpoint is
higher (respective lower) than a predefined limit. The RPM will never be stepped
below the Minimum RPM limit.
This mode is designed with long term station-keeping in mind. In this mode the
thrusters will step the RPM automatically in varying weather conditions in order to
force the pitch setpoint into a desired working interval.
Full
The pitch and the RPM follows a predefined trace (combinator curve) with regards
to the force demand.
Full Combinator Control Mode is similar to the way pitch and RPM is controlled in
combinator mode during manual thruster lever control.
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Thrusters
Configuration
Enable
Select a check box to turn on the Thruster Run-in function for the corresponding
thruster.
MAX setpoint (%)
The maximum setpoint for the corresponding thruster in percent. The specified
value must be more than any required minimum setpoint for the thruster (such as
for minimum thrust or idle rpm) and must always be at least 20%. This value is
valid for both the positive and negative directions.
For thrusters with combined pitch/rpm control, the specified maximum setpoint
refers to either the pitch or the rpm setpoint, depending on the configuration.
The maximum setpoint zones are shown for each selected thruster om the Thruster
main view:
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Clutch Strategy
Select the required strategy; Off, Demand Limit or Continuous Pulse.
Demand
Specify when the thrusters should clutch in and out based on demand as a certain
percentage of the idle force. These limits will be used when the Clutch Strategy
Demand Limit is selected.
Clutch in limit
The clutch is activated when the demand reaches this limit (percentage of the
idle force).
Clutch out limit
The clutch is deactivated when the demand falls below this limit (percentage of
the idle force).
Continuous Pulse
Continuous Pulse means cyclic operation of the clutch to achieve an average of
the allocated thrust.
Pulse period
The duration (in seconds) of each clutch pulse cycle.
Clutch active minimum
The minimum duration of time (in seconds) the clutch is activated for each clutch
pulse cycle. If the calculated clutch activation time is less than this value, the
thruster will not be clutched in. Increasing this value will reduce the wear and tear
of the clutch at the cost of position accuracy.
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Power system
Power monitoring
The K-Pos DP system has no direct control over the vessel's electrical power system.
This is administered by a separate Power Management System (PMS).
Normally the K-Pos DP system receives information about:
• The power produced by each main generator.
• Which switchboard each generator is connected to.
• How the switchboards are connected.
• How the thrusters are connected to the switchboards.
This information is used by the K-Pos DP system for power overload control and is also
displayed on the Power view (see Power view on page 285).
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Power system
The Blackout Prevention function will only limit thruster commands to avoid a stable
power plant becoming overloaded. The function cannot prevent a potential blackout
caused by generator tripping.
The Power Load Monitoring and Blackout Prevention functions cover the following
standard power plant configurations:
• diesel generators supplying thruster/propeller drives
• shaft generators supplying thruster drives
• a combination of diesel generators and shaft generators
This function supplements the vessel's Power Management System (PMS). The
thruster/propeller setpoint reduction criteria during DP control are set at lower overload
levels than the load reduction initiated by the vessel's own PMS. The Power Load
Monitoring and Blackout Prevention functions are active in all operational modes and
are illustrated in Figure 29.
The K-Pos DP system requires the following information in order to perform blackout
prevention:
• Generator power and breaker status
• Bus-tie breaker status
• Thruster breaker status (if more than one for each thruster)
The following functions are also available:
• Generator Load Limitation
Performs load limitation of the most loaded generator if a skew-load situation occurs
on the connect-switchboard. The overload protection is achieved by automatically
reducing the pitch/rpm/force/load on the thrusters/propellers connected to the
connect-switchboard until the most loaded generator operates within its nominal
capacity.
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System status information
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System status information
Close
Click this button to close the Remote Diagnostics dialog box.
Note
To minimise the pcAnywhere Waiting... dialog box, do not click the Cancel button, as this
will abort pcAnywhere. Instead, click the Windows minimize button ( ) in the upper
right corner of the dialog box.
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The Print Status dialog box allows you to print the status page or to request repeated
printouts.
To display the dialog box, select System→(Printer Settings) Print Status.
Print Status
Click this button to request an immediate printout of the status page.
Cyclic Print Control
Select the Cyclic Print check box if you want a cyclic printout to be made
automatically after a specified Interval. This can only be selected from the
Operator Station in command.
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Clicking the EXE/DLLs button displays a list of EXE and DLL files in use and their
corresponding version numbers.
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Introduction
Functions are available for monitoring the status of the K-Pos DP operator stations,
process stations and IO system.
During normal operation you can:
• View the operational status of the Operator Stations, History Stations and Process
Stations.
• View information and status indications for every IO driver, IO block and IO point
configured in the system.
System architecture
A K-Pos DP system consists of one or more operator stations (OS) and one or more
process stations (PS). A history station (HS) may also be included.
The K-Pos DP control software is implemented in one, two or three process stations
(DpPSs) (the Main controller PS group) depending on the redundancy level of the
system. The process stations are implemented in computers located in the K-Pos DP
Controller Cabinet.
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The DpPSs in the Main controller group are interconnected via a dedicated redundancy
net (RedNet).
Communication between operator stations, history stations and process stations is via
a single or dual communication net (Net A and Net B).
Communication with thrusters and sensors is performed by the IO system, which is
an integrated part of the DpPS. If additional IO is required for sensors or thrusters,
additional dedicated IO process stations can be implemented.
The process stations themselves provide no permanent storage of programs and data.
When a process station starts up, all its programs and data are loaded from its PS servers,
which are located either on one or more operator stations or in the flash memory of
the PS itself.
Operator stations
The following standard names are used to identify the operator stations and history
stations in K-Pos DP systems:
OS name OS description
DP-OS1 Main Operator Station
DP-OS2 Main Operator Station
DP-OS3 Main Operator Station
DP-OS4 Fire Backup Operator Station
DP-OS6 Stand-alone Simulator Operator Station
DP-HS1 Main History Station
cPos-OS1 cPos Operator Station
cPos-OS2 cPos Operator Station
cJoy-OT1 cJoy Operator Terminal
cJoy-OT2 cJoy Operator Terminal
WT1 cJoy (cWing) Wing Terminal
WT2 cJoy (cWing) Wing Terminal
WT3 cJoy (cWing) Wing Terminal
WT4 cJoy (cWing) Wing Terminal
Process stations
The process stations are implemented in Remote Control Units (RCUs).
The RCU unit contains a real-time single board computer and IO interfaces in the same
unit.
Redundancy
In single systems, the DP Controller Cabinet contains a single DpPS.
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In dual systems, the DP Controller Cabinet contains two DpPSs which operate with
a master/slave relationship. Switching between master and slave can be performed
manually, or the switching can be performed automatically by the system.
In triple systems, the DP Cabinet contains three DpPSs. The concept of majority voting
is used to detect and isolate faults in the sensors and in the system itself.
For more information, see Redundant systems on page 104.
WinPS
A WinPS is a Process station that runs on an OS computer, as opposed to a standard
PS. A WinPS provides full PS functionality, except that it cannot communicate with
the IO system.
WinPSs are used for development purposes and in simulators.
The Vessel Reference Models run in WinPS and provide simulator and built-in trainer
functions.
IO system
The IO system provides the communication interface for exchange of IO signals between
the field devices (thrusters and sensors) and the process station.
The main elements of the IO system are:
• IO drivers
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IO drivers are responsible for the communication with the field device. The IO driver
provides conversion between field values and IO raw values.
The following driver types are supported:
– RBUS for discrete analog and digital IO
– NetIO for communication between PSs
– Dedicated sensor and interface drivers for serial line devices such as Artemis,
GPS, Fanbeam and HPR
– ComAs for generic serial line IO
• IO blocks
An IO block represents a group of identifiable IO signals from an IO device in the
field. For example:
– For IO cards belonging to the RBUS driver, an IO block represents an IO card in
the IO rack.
– For NetIO communication between process stations, an IO block may represent all
the signals related to a particular sensor or thruster.
• IO points
IO points are the connection points for IO signals. An IO point may provide signal
conditioning elements for conversion between the IO raw value on the driver side
and the engineering value on the K-Pos DP system side.
Monitoring functions
The following monitoring functions are available:
• Viewing of status information for the Operator Stations, History Stations and Process
Stations in your system, using the Equipment - System Status dialog box. See
Equipment dialog box on page 223.
• Viewing of status information for all PSs in the system, using the Station Explorer
dialog box. See Station Explorer dialog box on page 230.
• Viewing of overview information for all IO drivers, IO blocks and IO points, using
the IO Manager dialog box. See IO Manager dialog box on page 232.
• Viewing of information for selected IO Points using the IO Point Browser dialog box.
See IO Point Browser dialog box on page 244.
• Viewing of information displayed for each IO Block, related to each IO Point and
its contents, using the IO Terminal Block dialog box. See IO Terminal Block dialog
box on page 239.
• Viewing of information for selected DP PS Serial ports using the Properties — DpPs
Serial port dialog box. See Properties — DpPs Serial port on page 247.
Note
Many of the features provided by these dialog boxes are related to configuring the
system. These features require OS Configuration Mode and/or PS Configuration Mode
and therefore are not described in this manual. This manual only describes features that
are available in normal operation mode.
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PS page
The PS page shows the current status of all process stations defined in the system.
Station
Identification of the PS.
Group name
Displays the name of the redundancy group to which this station belongs.
(No column title)
Identification of the PS within the redundancy group. For example: Controller PS
A, B or C within the DpMain group.
Status
Shows the current status of the PS:
• Operational — PS is operational.
• Booting — PS is booting (loading configuration).
• Rebooting — PS is rebooting due to an error.
• Not Communicational — PS has reported a status, but no communication with
the PS is possible.
• Not Reported — PS has not reported any status.
• Halt — PS has stopped due to an error condition.
Spare Time (%)
The available CPU capacity, expressed as a percentage of total CPU capacity.
Net State
Indicates the state of the A and B network interfaces:
• OK — Both network interfaces are OK.
• A-ERROR — Error on network interface A.
• B-ERROR — Error on network interface B.
• AB-ERROR — Error on both network interfaces.
I/O Status
Shows the status of the IO system for this PS:
• OK — No errors reported.
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PS Redundancy page
The PS Redundancy page shows redundancy information for all process stations.
Station
Identification of the PS.
Group name
Displays the name of the redundancy group to which this station belongs.
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OS/HS page
The OS/HS page shows the status of the operator stations and history stations that are
defined in the system.
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Station
Identification of the OS or HS.
Status
Shows the current status of the OS or HS:
• Operational — OS or HS is operational.
• Not Communicational — OS or HS has reported a status, but no communication
with the OS or HS is possible.
• Not Reported — OS or HS has not reported any status.
• Stopped — OS or HS is not switched on.
Last Reported
Time stamp of last communication.
Format: day/month/year hour:min:sec
Net State
Indicates the state of the A and B network interfaces:
• OK — Both network interfaces are OK.
• A-ERROR — Error on network interface A.
• B-ERROR — Error on network interface B.
• AB-ERROR — Error on both network interfaces.
The OS/HS page has a shortcut menu. Right-click anywhere on the page to display
the following menu:
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The operator stations in the K-Pos DP system are grouped into Print Groups - usually
either Main or Backup - where each group has one event printer. Only one of the operator
stations (the Master) within a print group will print alarm messages to the event printer.
If the Master operator station becomes inactive for any reason, the role of event printer
Master passes automatically to another active Master of the Print Group.
Station
The address of the event printer.
Print Group
The name of the group of operator stations that can print to this printer.
Master
The current master operator station in this print group.
Members
The operator stations that are members of this print group. If an operator station is
not active, its name is shown in parentheses.
Printer Info
Information on the printer status such as Idle or Printing. This information is
provided by the printer interface.
The Event Printer page has a shortcut menu. Right-click anywhere on the page to display
the following menu:
Net Status
The Net Status page shows the status of the communication network for all OSs, HSs and
PSs in the system.
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This page contains a window that is divided into two panes. The left-hand pane lists all
stations in the communication network by means of icons and names. Clicking any icon
or name displays in the right-hand pane the status of the communication network as seen
from the receiving station in the left-hand pane.
If a red A, B or AB is displayed superimposed on an icon, this indicates that the station
has a network communication error on net A, B or both.
Sending Station
Identification of the OS, HS or PS sending messages to the receiving station.
Msg pr. 100 sec
The total number of messages being received every 100 seconds on both networks.
Lost Msg Net A
The number of lost messages on network A.
Lost Msg Net B
The number of lost messages on network B.
IpAddress
The Internet Protocol (IP) address of the sending station.
The right-hand pane is static and once information has been displayed it is not updated.
You can update the information either by reselecting the Net Status page or by
right-clicking anywhere on the page to display the following shortcut menu:
Select Print Image to print the content of the current page.
Select the Update Statistics command to update the statistical
information for the selected station in the right-hand pane.
Select the Show only errors command to filter the information
displayed in the right-hand pane so that only the stations with lost
messages are displayed.
Print Image
The Print Image command on the shortcut menu of the PS, PS Redundancy, OS/HS or Net
Status page allows you to print the content of the current page on your printer.
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Select the appropriate printer from the Printer drop-down list box.
PS tree structure
The dialog box provides a tree structure showing all the nodes and subnodes
in the PS. The tree structure can be expanded and collapsed, to display or hide
information details. Graphical symbols are displayed to indicate the alarm status.
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Hotspot symbols provide links to dialog boxes for displaying further information
about the IO system.
Alarm status indicators
The following alarm status indicators may be displayed on the PS status view pane.
There is an error condition in this equipment node, and the
alarm is not acknowledged. When acknowledged, a red circle is
displayed .
The error condition in this equipment node is no longer present,
but the alarm is not acknowledged. When acknowledged, a green
circle is displayed (see below).
There is an error condition in this equipment node and the alarm
is acknowledged.
The red arrow indicates that there is either an error or an
unacknowledged alarm in one or more equipment subnodes.
Node and all sub equipment nodes are OK.
Hotspots
Hotspot symbols provide links to dialog boxes for displaying further information
about the IO system:
Displays the Properties dialog box, which shows an overview of
the software and hardware status of the selected PS. This feature
is intended only for Kongsberg Maritime personnel.
Displays the IO Manager dialog box, which shows the status of
the IO drivers and IO blocks for the selected PS. See IO Manager
dialog box on page 232.
Displays the Driver Properties dialog box for the selected IO
driver. This feature is intended only for Kongsberg Maritime
personnel.
Displays a submenu:
• For an IO driver:
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3 Select IO Manager.
The IO Manager dialog box is displayed.
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or:
1 Start the Station Explorer (see Station Explorer dialog box on page 230).
2 Select the required PS from the drop-down list.
IO Configurator page
In the IO Manager dialog box — IO Configurator page, use the drop-down box to select
the PS for which you will display the IO drivers and IO blocks.
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RBUS IO Image
The RBUS IO Image provides a graphical view of the status of the RBUS IO cards. This
is intended as an aid to fault-finding in the IO system.
To display the RBUS IO Image:
1 Start the Station Explorer (see Station Explorer dialog box on page 230).
2 Select the required PS from the drop-down list.
3 Expand the IO Manager to locate the RBUSDriver.
4 Click on the sub-menu symbol ( ) and select the Show RBUS IO Image command
from the sub-menu.
The RBUS IO Image can be displayed either in the Overview level or the Detailed level:
• When the Overview level is selected, the display corresponds to the physical layout of
the IO cards as you see them in the IO cabinet.
• When the Detailed level is selected, more detailed card and rack information is
displayed. The Detailed level is intended primarily for Kongsberg Maritime personnel.
Overview level
Example RBUS IO Images at the Overview level for an RCU-based PS is shown below.
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The alarm status indicators are the same as for the Station Explorer. See Station Explorer
dialog box on page 230.
If you click on an IO card, the IO Terminal Block dialog box is displayed showing
information about the selected IO card and its IO channels. See IO Terminal Block
dialog box on page 239.
If you right-click on an IO card, a shortcut menu is displayed:
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• The Show IO Block command displays the IO Terminal Block dialog box, showing
information about the selected IO card and its IO channels. See IO Terminal Block
dialog box on page 239.
• If the IO card has an error condition, you can select the System Events for Node
or System Events for Node and Subnodes command to display the Event List view
containing the relevant alarms.
The tool bar of the RBUS IO Image window provides the following functions:
Displays the Overview level of the RBUS IO Image.
Detailed level
Example RBUS IO Image at Detailed level for an RCU-based PS is shown below.
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Rack positions containing PSs and power supply units are not shown on the Detailed
level.
The information provided on the Detailed level is intended primarily for Kongsberg
Maritime personnel.
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4 Either click on the block icon ( ), or click on the sub-menu symbol ( ) and
select the Show IO Block command from the sub-menu.
or:
1 Start the IO Manager.
2 On the IO Configurator page, select the required PS from the drop-down list.
3 Expand the appropriate driver to locate the required IO block.
4 Click on the IO block name.
The content of this dialog box varies according to the IO driver.
Note
For IO cards belonging to the RBUS driver, a block is the same as an IO card, and a
point is the same as an IO channel.
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Station Explorer
The upper-left area displays the selected IO block, filtered from the expandable
tree structure of the Station Explorer, and displays the driver, alarm status and the
block tag of the selected IO block. For more details, see Station Explorer dialog
box on page 230.
Tag
Displays the name of the selected IO block.
Description
Displays descriptive text for the selected IO block.
Task
Shows the scan rate for the selected IO block:
• Task 1 — Normal
• Task 2 — Quick
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• Task 3 — Rapid
Auto
Not relevant for K-Pos DP systems.
Upper-right list box
The upper-right list box displays the IO block properties represented by parameters
and values. When you point at a parameter, a tool-tip is displayed, providing
more explanatory text.
IO Points
This area displays information about the IO points for the selected IO block.
Direction
The direction of the data flow:
• Output data flow
• Input data flow
IO tag
The name of the IO signal.
(IO point parameter symbol)
Clicking this symbol displays the IO Point Parameters section in the lower
part of the dialog box.
Status
The status of the sensor value:
• OK
• Error
• SIM
Sensor value
The sensor value and its units.
(signal conditioning elements)
Symbols representing the signal conditioning elements used, in order of
execution.
Note
When the cursor is positioned over one of the bitmaps representing an IO signal
conditioning element, the name and parameters of the element are displayed in
a tool-tip window.
Eng. value
The engineering value and its units.
(Eng. status)
The status of the engineering value:
• OK
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• Error
• SIM
Connection
For signals that are to be transferred between process stations, this field displays
the name of the NetIO tag that corresponds to this IO point.
Note
If you click a cell in the Connection column, the Connect/Disconnect Terminal dialog
box is displayed for the selected IO point. This dialog box has no function during
normal operation.
Details
Clicking the Details button displays or removes the IO Point Parameters and Eng.
Signal Conditioning sections in the lower part of the dialog box.
Shortcut menu
If you right-click on any displayed IO point tag, the following shortcut menu is displayed:
Only one of the commands in the shortcut menu is available for the operator.
Resize Columns
Resizes the columns displayed in the IO Points area to fit the content of the columns.
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Station
Use this drop-down list box to select either all PSs, or the PS within which you
want to browse.
Tag
Browse Criteria
Use this text box to enter the browse criteria. Wildcard characters can be used.
Match case
Use this check box to make the Browse Criteria case sensitive.
Match whole tag
Use this check box if the Browse Criteria text is the entire name of the required
IO point.
Match initial tag segment
Use this check box if the Browse Criteria text is the beginning of the name of
the required IO points.
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IO Status
Use these check boxes to restrict the search to IO points which have the specified
status:
• IO OK
• IO Manual
• IO Passive
• IO Error
• IO FailSafe
• IO Error Override
Browse by IO Tag
Use this command button to search for IO points whose name satisfies the specified
Browse Criteria.
Browse by Module Tag
Not relevant for K-Pos DP systems.
Details
Clicking the Details button displays or removes the IO Point Parameters and Eng.
Signal Conditioning sections in the lower part of the dialog box.
Browse results
The upper-left area displays information about the IO points that satisfy the search
criteria. This is the same information as displayed on the IO Terminal Block dialog
(see IO Terminal Block dialog box on page 239), with one additional column:
• PS — The name of the PS that contains the IO point.
If you right-click on any IO point tag displayed in the browser window, the following
shortcut menu is displayed:
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Only some of the commands in the shortcut menu are available for the operator.
Add Trend to previous popup
Adds a new trend to already created popup.
Create Trend in popup
Starts the procedure for creating a trend for the selected IO point.
Resize Columns
Resizes the columns displayed in the IO Point Browser dialog box to fit the content
of the columns.
Show IO Block
Allows you to view configuration information for the selected IO Block by
displaying the corresponding IO Terminal Block dialog box. See IO Terminal Block
dialog box on page 239.
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SerPort page
Enable configuration
When selected, the configuration shown is enabled.
Baud rate
Shows the baud rate (110, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 baud).
Parity
Shows the parity (No, Even, Odd).
Number of data bits
Shows the number of data bits (5, 6, 7, 8 bit).
Number of stop bits
Shows the number of stop bits (1, 2 bit).
Protocol
Protocols available; Ecma24, Kos100, End of File, End of Record, Raw, Xon/Xoff,
Siemens 3946L, 3946H, 3946RL, 3946RH, Measurex, UniTelWay, SMC, Polled
raw, End of Record/Raw, Kos 150, Inter Frame Gap, Time sync.
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The Disable status page of the Properties — DpPs Serial port dialog for the ComAs driver
displays the interrupt status of a selected serial port.
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3 Click the Driver Properties hotspot (the indicator to the right of 02_FanbeamDrv
in this example).
• The Driver Properties dialog box is displayed.
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Built-in trainer
Built-in trainer
Trainer functions
The built-in trainer provides functions for operator training based on a simulated system.
Simulations are performed at the system console with no additional equipment required.
In order to use an Operator Station for training, it must be connected to the MainSimulator
controller process station (PS) group (see Connect dialog box on page 102). When this
condition is met, the text SIMULATING (or other configuration-specific text) is displayed
flashing on the top bar after the name of the operator station in use.
If an Operator Station is not in command of a controller PS group, you can connect it
to any available group (such as MainSimulator) at any time. However, if the Operator
Station has command of a controller PS group, this system must be in Standby mode
before you can connect the Operator Station to a different group.
In DP systems with more than one Operator Station, the built-in trainer can be used at
one OS at the same time as the other OSs are used for normal DP operation, without
affecting the actual operation of the vessel. In this case the OSs are connected to different
controller PS groups. Before leaving an Operator Station after a training session, we
strongly recommend that you prepare the OS for DP operation by connecting it to the
Main controller PS or another relevant controller PS group.
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• The values for Start Position, Wind Speed, etc. shown in this dialog box are the
values that were in use when the previous training session was stopped (provided
that no stop or restart of the OS has taken place in the meantime).
7 If required, enter the start position of the vessel from where you want to start the
simulation. You can select to move to this position whenever the system returns to
Standby mode by selecting the corresponding check box.
8 Enter the required Wind and Sea Current values to be used during the simulation.
9 Enter the vessel Draught to be used during the simulation.
10 Click the OK or Apply button.
• The system is now ready for simulation.
11 Use the system as you would during normal operation.
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DP online consequence
analysis
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DP online consequence analysis
• The heading setpoint status on the Dashboard is PRESENT (for Auto Position mode).
• DP Class 2, Class 3 or Class ER is selected.
Note
By default, the DP Online Consequence Analysis function is switched off. Prior to
engaging Class 2, Class 3 or Class ER operations, the corresponding class of operation
must be selected using the DP Class dialog box.
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This message is followed by additional information whose content depends on the type
of failure simulated and whether insufficient thrust or insufficient power was detected.
For example:
power critical if connect-swbd 1 lost
thrust critical if thrusters 1-4 lost
thrust critical if port diesel lost
If the message indicates that thrust is critical, you should enable more thrusters. If
the message indicates that power is critical, you should make more power available.
Alternatively, change to a more favourable heading.
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Display views
Display views
Diesel view
The Diesel view provides a simplified mimic display of the vessel's diesel engines and
fuel rack system as seen from the K-Pos DP system.
The information presented in this view is based on the following signals received by the
K-Pos DP system:
• The power produced by each main diesel generator
• The fuel rack reading
• Diesel clutched in or out
To select the display view: place the cursor in the upper left corner of the working
area so that the drop-down list becomes visible. Click on the arrow and select the view
from the list.
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Display views
These are numerical and graphical displays of the fuel rack load
on the diesel engines. They have the same colour coding as
for the generators.
Clutch symbol with the same colour coding as for the generators.
Joystick view
The Joystick view shows the thrust setpoint and response, and the vessel speed in the
various axes, to assist during positioning with the joystick alone.
To select the display view: place the cursor in the upper left corner of the working
area so that the drop-down list becomes visible. Click on the arrow and select the view
from the list.
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This is the estimated sway speed at the bow of the vessel. This
value is calculated from the vessel dimensions and the estimated
Rate Of Turn.
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This shows the axes that are currently selected for environmental
compensation (see Joystick Settings dialog box on page 73).
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Display views
LTW view
The Light-weight Taut Wire (LTW) is based on measurements and calculations of the
vessel's position relative to a fixed point on the sea bed.
A gimbal head on a boom over the side of the vessel is connected by a wire to a depressor
weight on the sea bed.
The vertical component of the wire length is measured when the depressor is lowered
onto the sea bed. The angles between the wire and the vertical, both in the alongships
and the athwarthships axes (see Figure 31), are measured as the vessel moves away from
the point where the depressor weight was deployed.
The position is calculated based on this data. The actual length of the wire is also
calculated and presented in the LTW view. Corrections are applied to allow for the offset
distance between the sensor on the gimbal head and the vessel's rotation center.
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Gimbal head
Wire
Wire Wire length, Water length, Wire
length vertical depth vertical length
component component
Depressor Seabed
Depressor
weight Seabed weight
CD2824
The draught is measured, and the vertical component of the wire length is recalculated
whenever the draught changes. Changes of water depth due to turning of the tide are not
taken into account. In these circumstances the depressor weight must be lifted off the sea
bed and re-lowered to have the system record the change of wire length.
The LTW view allows you to monitor the performance of a Light-weight Taut Wire
(LTW) position-reference system.
The position of the depressor weight is shown relative to the position of the gimbal head
(the center of the graphic display). The maximum operational area is also shown.
To select the display view: place the cursor in the upper left corner of the working
area so that the drop-down list becomes visible. Click on the arrow and select the view
from the list.
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Display views
These are the gimbal head alongship and athwartship axes. The
intersection of the axes represents the gimbal head position and
is always at the center of the display.
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This shows the status of the “Mooring On” signal from the
LTW system. This signal indicates when the depressor weight
is on the sea bed.
This shows the angle of the taut wire in the alongship and
athwartships directions as measured at the gimbal head.
The Along angle is positive when the gimbal head is forward
of the depressor weight.
The Athwart angle is positive when the gimbal head is to
starboard of the depressor weight.
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Display views
Grid
Show
To show or hide the grid.
Square
Square grid.
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Circular
Circular grid.
Spacing
The spacing (distance) between grid lines or circles. You can change the grid
spacing by clicking the down arrow and selecting a new value from the drop-down
list.
The grid spacing is automatically adjusted when decreasing/increasing the display
range.
Light Taut Wire Graphics
LTW 1, LTW 2, LTW 3, LTW 4
Allows you to select the LTW system whose position information is to be displayed
in the main graphic area of the view.
Range
Allows you to specify the display range explicitly by typing in a value in the text
box.
Incr. Range
This button allows you to increase the display range in fixed steps.
Decr. Range
This button allows you to decrease the display range in fixed steps.
Numeric view
The Numeric view shows performance data in numerical form.
To select the display view: place the cursor in the upper left corner of the working
area so that the drop-down list becomes visible. Click on the arrow and select the view
from the list.
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These are the values for heading setpoint, present heading and heading
deviation.
These are the values for Rate Of Turn setpoint and present Rate Of Turn.
These are the values for vessel speed setpoint and present speed.
This is the direction of the vessel speed relative to true (N UP) or to the
vessel (H REL). The displayed orientation is selected from the Heading
pane on the dashboard.
This displays the warning and alarm limits for position and
heading deviation. Green indicates that the limits are currently
active.
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Posplot view
The Posplot view shows the vessel's position relative to the position and heading
setpoints and to other displayed objects, such as the position of transponders. The
prevailing wind and current are also displayed.
Using the Posplot view control dialog box, you can:
• Select either a true or a relative display, with either the position setpoint or the present
vessel position at the centre of the display.
• Display or remove various features on the view.
• Show or hide a chart on the Posplot view.
• Show or hide the grid, and select grid type and grid spacing.
Note
Grid display is only possible when the range is 10 000 m or less. When the range is
larger than 10 000 m, the grid disappears automatically. Maximum range is 3 000 km.
• Specify the display range, i.e. distance from centre to edge of plot.
• Display or hide a trace line and trend symbols, and also specify the sample rate and
the extent of the trace line/trend symbols.
The EBL (Electronic Bearing Line) button can be used for measuring positions, distances
and bearings on the display.
To select the display view: place the cursor in the upper left corner of the working
area so that the drop-down list becomes visible. Click on the arrow and select the view
from the list.
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The example Posplot view shows some of the available display features. The figures
with text that follow the example describe all the standard features of the Posplot view.
Additional features which relate to specific operational modes are described together
with the appropriate operating procedure.
The compass rose is marked with degrees. The north/south and
east/west geographical axes are displayed.
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This is the vessel symbol that indicates the position of the vessel, relative to
known reference points and directions. The vessel's Midships position is
marked with a small cross. The currently-selected rotation centre is marked
with a small circle. The size of the vessel symbol is dynamically scaled
according to the selected display range. This vessel symbol is exchanged by
an unscaled symbol at small and large range values.
Note
When changing the Posplot view to close range or long range, the vessel
symbol changes from showing the correct form and dimensions of the vessel
into a simplified shape with a constant size.
This is the position setpoint symbol. By selecting and moving this symbol
you can change the position setpoint (see Marking a new position setpoint
on the Posplot view on page 166).
When relaxed controller mode is in use (selected from the Gain dialog box),
the radius for relaxed control is shown as a shaded area with the position
setpoint as center. The area around this circle is click-sensitive. You can
easily adjust the relaxed control radius by clicking in this area to open the
Gain dialog box to set a new value. If you select to hide the setpoint from
the Show page on the Posplot view control dialog box, the shaded area
indicating the relaxed control radius will also be hidden.
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When Green controller mode is in use (selected from the Gain dialog box),
the outer and inner control radii are indicated on the Posplot view, with
the position setpoint as centre. The inner radius is indicated by a blue,
shaded circle. The predicted trajectory for the vessel is displayed as a line
pointing from the rotation centre.
This is the heading setpoint symbol. By selecting and moving this symbol
you can change the heading setpoint (see Marking a new position setpoint
on the Posplot view on page 166).
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The short lines, dashed and solid, are heading warning and
alarm limit markers (centred on the heading setpoint). With
automatic yaw control, and with heading limits enabled, these
markers indicate the warning and alarm limits for heading
deviation. When the vessel heading crosses the warning limit, a
warning is given. When the vessel heading crosses the alarm
limit, an alarm is given.
The heading warning and alarm limit markers are hidden when
the setpoint is hidden (see Show page on page 280).
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Motion page
Plot Centerpoint
True Motion
True display centred on the position setpoint. The position setpoint (required
position) is placed at the centre of the display.
Relative Motion
Relative display centred on the current position. The symbol of the vessel (present
position) is placed at the centre of the display.
Show page
Show/Hide
Display or remove various features of the Posplot view. The choice of features
available is configured for each vessel.
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The Setpoint, Carrot, Refsys and Wind/Current features are described previously in
this section.
Selecting Green Prediction displays the predicted trajectory for the vessel as a
line pointing from the rotation centre.
Grid page
Show
Show or hide the grid.
Spacing
The spacing (distance) between grid lines or circles. The grid spacing can be
changed by clicking the down arrow and selecting a new value from the drop-down
list.
The grid spacing is automatically adjusted when decreasing/increasing the display
range.
Type
The type of grid.
Use UTM
UTM grid can be selected. The grid on the Posplot view is rotated with an angle
that corresponds with the Meridian convergence displayed.
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Range page
Trace page
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Trend-symbols
It is possible to show or hide a series of vessel symbols indicating vessel movement
and position (Show) and specify the sample rate (Sampling) and extent of the trend
symbols (Memory) to be stored.
Note
With the Posplot view at close range when the simplified symbol is displayed,
the “trended” symbols are not shown.
Clear All
Clicking this button permanently clears all the trend symbols and the trace line
both in memory and on the Posplot view.
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Panning function
You can easily change the coordinates for the centre of the Posplot view using the
panning function. The position of the cursor in the Posplot view when activating the
function will then be moved to the centre of the view. This can be especially useful, for
example, when plotting waypoints for a new track using the Waypoint dialog box (see
separate Auto Track Mode Operator Manual).
The panning function is available from the shortcut menu. The panning related
commands on the shortcut menu will change depending on whether or not panning
has been selected.
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When the panning function is on, the following commands related to panning are
available on the shortcut menu.
Center Reset
Resets the centre of the view to the original position, i.e. the vessel position or
position setpoint, depending on the centre point selected on the Mode page of the
Posplot view control dialog box. It also switches the panning function off.
Center Here
Selects a new position for the centre of the Posplot view.
The panning function is automatically switched off if the rotation centre is changed
or another centre point is selected on the Mode page of the Posplot view control
dialog box.
The panning function may be automatically switched on in Mixed Joystick mode,
dependent on the configuration of your vessel. If required, it can be switched off
again by selecting Center Reset.
Power view
The Power view is a simplified mimic display of the vessel's electrical power system as
seen from the K-Pos DP system.
Normally the K-Pos DP system is supplied with information about:
• The power produced by each main generator.
• Which switchboard each generator is connected to.
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The position of the generator breaker symbol shows whether the generator
is connected to the switchboard or not. In addition, the generator breaker
symbol is colour-coded:
• Green frame indicates the breaker is closed.
• Grey frame indicates the breaker is open.
• Red frame indicates alarm status.
• Orange frames indicate the selected bus-ties for even distributed load
with zero current flow.
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A trend plot is displayed. You can select the information to be displayed using the Power
Plot view control dialog box.
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Present
Selects whether to display information about Connect-switchboards or Switchboards.
Show/Hide
If configured, selects whether or not to display the internal names (IO Tags) of the
generator breakers, bus-ties and thruster switches.
Plot
The trend plot to be displayed.
Time span
The time span for the trend plot.
Range...
Clicking this button displays the Y-Axis Range dialog box which allows you to
select automatic scaling or to manually set the upper and lower limits for the
y-axis plot scale.
Auto
Selecting this option will set the Y-axis range automatically.
Manual
Allows you to set the Upper and Lower scale limits manually.
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The centre of the plot is the present vessel position. Using the
Reference system main view control dialog box, Mode page, you
can select either a true or a relative display.
A colour-coded circle is displayed with a radius equal to the
minimum prediction error limit and centred on the present
vessel position.
A colour-coded circle is displayed with a radius equal to the
median test acceptance limit and centred on the median value.
When the Median test is inactive, the Median Test Limit field
will show OFF and the circle will not be displayed.
This indicates the legends used for plotting. Colour coding and
capital letters help to differentiate the various position-reference
systems.
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This shows the status for each reference system or transponder: either Calibrating,
Online, Relative, Offline or Lost. For reference systems in monitoring state, the status text
is shown with Mon as prefix. If the measurements are acceptable, Calibrating and Online
are displayed in green (if the last sample was received) or in orange (if the last sample
was not received). If a position-reference system has a transponder that is defined and
enabled as mobile, then Relative is displayed instead of Online, provided that the optional
Follow Target mode has been previously selected (i.e. at least once).
If the measurements are lost, Offline is displayed in red, however, if the measurements
are lost during calibration, Lost is displayed in red. When a reference system is turned
off, the weight of that system is set to zero, and Offline is displayed in red before the
system is removed from the Reference system main view.
The position-reference system that is providing the Reference Origin is marked with an
asterisk.
A unique capital letter and colour code is assigned to each reference system to make it
easier to differentiate the various systems on the plot.
Numerical values and horizontal bars show the weighting applied to the measurements
from each reference system during the last second. The sum of weights of reference
systems with Online status is always one (1.0). If no new update is received from
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a specific reference system during the previous second, the weight for this system
is set to zero (and Online shown in orange). The horizontal bar is not displayed for
position-reference systems that have an enabled mobile transponder, i.e. those with a
Relative status.
In the lower right corner of the Reference system main view, numerical data or a trend
plot is displayed. Using the Reference system main view control dialog box, Mode page,
you can select between various types of numerical data and trend plots:
Position
These are numerical values for the calibrated position (for each reference system) as used
by the system. The data are presented according to current presentation units/position
selection. Note that colour coding is used.
Transponder Coordinates
These are numerical values for the origin of the particular reference system, for example
the position of an HPR or LBL transponder or an Artemis Fix antenna. Note that colour
coding is used.
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Raw Position
These are trend plots. The type of trend plot is selected on the Mode page of the Reference
system main view control dialog box. Note that colour coding is used.
You can also select the Y-axis scale range (either auto or manual scaling) and the time
span.
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Mode page
Position
Transponder Coordinates
Raw Position
Select the required set of numerical data to be displayed in the lower right corner
of the Reference system main view. These items are described in detail in the
previous section.
Trend Plot
Select a Trend Plot to be displayed in the lower right corner of the Reference
system main view. These items are described in detail in the previous section.
Plot
The type of trend plot to be displayed. You can select between the following
options: RefSys Bias E, RefSys Bias N, RefSys STD DEV, RefSys STD DEV AS,
RefSysWeight or – none –.
Time span
The time span for the trend plot.
Range...
Clicking this button displays the Y-Axis Range dialog box which allows you to
select automatic scaling or to manually set the upper and lower limits for the
y-axis plot scale.
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Auto
Selecting this option will set the Y-axis range automatically.
Manual
Allows you to set the Upper and Lower scale limits manually.
Grid page
Show
To show or hide the grid.
Spacing
The spacing (distance) between grid lines or circles. You can change the grid
spacing by clicking the down arrow and selecting a new value from the drop-down
list.
The grid spacing is automatically adjusted when decreasing/increasing the display
range.
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Type
The type of grid.
Range page
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Position The values for the calibrated position (from the position-reference
systems) as used by the system.
Position setpoint The wanted position for the vessel.
Reference origin The name of the position-reference system providing the
sensor reference origin.
Reference name The names of the position-reference systems.
The name of the position-reference system that is providing the
reference origin is marked with an asterisk (*).
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The position of the currently-active rotation centre (In Use) is shown in orange colour.
The position of the proposed rotation centre (Selected) is shown in blue colour.
Sensor view
The Sensor view shows the performance and state of each of the vessel's sensors. This
view may have several pages depending on the number and type of sensors installed
on the vessel.
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To select the display view: place the cursor in the upper left corner of the working
area so that the drop-down list becomes visible. Click on the arrow and select the view
from the list.
By clicking on the left or right arrow (if present) you can display the next or previous
sensor view.
Examples of page 1 and 2 of the Sensor view:
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Common for all types of sensors on any of the Sensor view pages:
Sensor status indications:
The sensor is in use.
If there is a symbol by the sensor name, clicking it will open a sensor description
dialog box containing details about this type of sensors, for example:
Trend plot:
The plot for each sensor has a different colour. You can change the settings for the
information to be displayed using the History settings ... and Range settings ...view
controls.
Used measurements:
For some of the sensor types (such as Wind, GPS speed, Doppler speed, Rotation speed,
Draught, Water depth, etc.) the value currently used by the system. is shown:
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These are the resultant thruster force and direction, and the resultant
turning moment and direction.
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These are numerical values and bar graphs showing the thruster force
for each thruster unit. The bar graphs show the percentage of the
maximum available thrust and are scaled individually. The numerical
values are all based on feedback signals from the thrusters.
The Status boxes show the Running, Ready and Enabled status of
each thruster unit.
The colour of the bars, the background colour of the values and the force vectors change
to yellow when the thrusters pass the limit for percentage of available thrust (typically
80%). This applies only in some modes (depending on your system configuration, but
usually in auto-modes). The colour changes to red when there is a signal error from
one of the thrusters. For example:
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You can toggle the amount of information displayed on the view by clicking the Show
detail / Hide detail button.
Allocation mode:
This is the currently-selected thruster allocation mode (see
Thruster Allocation dialog box on page 186).
Priority shows either HDG (heading) or POS (position).
FreeRun shows either ON or OFF.
The Allocation mode area is click-sensitive. The ordinary
cursor changes to a pointing hand when positioned over this
area. Clicking the left trackball button opens up the Thruster
Allocation dialog box.
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When using the thruster force bias function, the thrusters are
colour-coded to identify the thruster bias groups.
These are numerical values and bar graphs showing the thruster
force for each thruster unit. The bar graphs show the percentage
of the maximum available thrust and are scaled individually.
The numerical values are all based on feedback signals from
the thrusters.
The Status boxes show the Running, Ready and Enabled status
of each thruster unit.
The colour of the bars and the background colour of the values
change to red when there is a signal error from one of the
thrusters.
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The orange text FIX is displayed for thrusters that use fixed
angles. The green label indicates which system has control of
the thrusters.
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By clicking on the left or right arrow (if present) you can display
the subview for the previous or next thruster unit. By clicking
on the up arrow, you can display the thruster main view.
Plot
The trend plot to be displayed. The following trend plots are available:
Thr Pitch
Pitch setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
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Thr RPM
RPM setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Thr Azim
Azimuth setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Thr Load
Load setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Time span
The time span for the trend plot.
Y axis Range...
Clicking this button displays the Y Axis Range dialog box which allows you to set
the upper and lower limits for the y-axis plot scale manually or to select automatic
scaling.
Auto
Selecting this option will set the Y-axis range automatically.
Manual
Allows you to set the Upper and Lower scale limits.
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This is the numerical value and a bar graph showing the thruster
force. The numerical value is based on a feedback signal
from the thruster. The bar graph shows the percentage of the
maximum available thrust. The setpoint force is indicated by
an orange line. The bar graph changes colour to red when the
thruster force exceeds the limit value for percentage of available
thrust (typically 80%).
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Plot
The trend plot to be displayed. The following trend plots are available:
Thr Pitch
Pitch setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Thr RPM
RPM setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Thr Azim
Azimuth setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Thr Load
Load setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Time span
The time span for the trend plot.
Y axis Range...
Clicking this button displays the Y Axis Range dialog box which allows you to set
the upper and lower limits for the y-axis plot scale manually or to select automatic
scaling.
Auto
Selecting this option will set the Y-axis range automatically.
Manual
Allows you to set the Upper and Lower scale limits.
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This is the numerical value and a bar graph showing the thruster
force. The numerical value is based on a feedback signal
from the thruster. The bar graph shows the percentage of the
maximum available thrust. The setpoint force is indicated by
an orange line. The bar graph changes colour to red when the
thruster force exceeds the limit value for percentage of available
thrust (typically 80%).
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By clicking on the left or right arrow (if present) you can display
the subview for the previous or next thruster unit. By clicking
on the up arrow, you can display the thruster main view.
Plot
The trend plot to be displayed. The following trend plots are available:
Thr Pitch
Pitch setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Thr RPM
RPM setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Thr Azim
Azimuth setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Thr Load
Load setpoint and feedback for this thruster.
Time span
The time span for the trend plot.
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Y axis Range...
Clicking this button displays the Y Axis Range dialog box which allows you to set
the upper and lower limits for the y-axis plot scale manually or to select automatic
scaling.
Auto
Selecting this option will set the Y-axis range automatically.
Manual
Allows you to set the Upper and Lower scale limits.
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Trends view
The Trends view provides dynamic displays (trend plots) and numerical values for
trended curves showing the history over a specified period for selected information,
such as wind, sea current, position and heading deviation, thruster forces and power
consumption.
Using the Trend Plot view control dialog box (see Trend Plot view control on page 328)
you can select the trend plots to be displayed. Up to three different trend plots can be
displayed simultaneously.
To select the display view: place the cursor in the upper left corner of the working
area so that the drop-down list becomes visible. Click on the arrow and select the view
from the list.
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The header indicates the name of the variable type for which
you have selected to display the trend plot (see Trend Plot view
control on page 328 for selection of variable).
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This is a trend plot for the selected variable using colour coding to identify and
differentiate the various variable curves being plotted. The plot has Time span along the
x-axis and measured values along the y-axis. You should note that the most recent values
are plotted to the far right, i.e. that the curves move from right to left on the trend plot.
Each trend plot has its own i button. Pressing this button
displays a Trend Numeric: dialog box.
The Trend Numeric: dialog box presents a range of numerical properties for all curves
on the trend plot. Values for the following numerical properties can be calculated and
displayed: Average, Minimum, Maximum and StdDev. The values for the numerical
properties are calculated over the Time Span over which you have selected to display the
specific trend plot (see Trend Plot view control on page 328).
In addition to displaying the numerical properties for each curve, the Trend Numeric:
dialog box contains a lead text column (Item) and a Unit column.
The width of the columns and the dialog box itself can be re-sized in several different
ways as follows:
• By placing the cursor on the delimiters of the column headers and clicking the left
trackball button. The cursor will then change shape to a two-headed arrow. You can
now drag the cursor to change the column width.
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Note
This will not re-size the total width of the dialog box itself.
• By placing the cursor on top of a column or column header and then click the right
trackball button. A shortcut menu is then displayed.
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Plot
The trend plots to be displayed. Clicking the down arrow on the far right of the Plot
list box opens up a list from which you can select the variable type to be displayed.
Time span
The time span for the trend plots.
Range...
Clicking this button displays the Y-Axis Range dialog box which allows you to
select automatic scaling or to manually set the upper and lower limits for the
y-axis plot scale.
Auto
Selecting this option will set the Y-axis range automatically.
Manual
Allows you to set the Upper and Lower scale limits manually.
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Index
A C detailed views
Diesel view, 259
About (dialog box) calibrating
LTW view, 265
Details, 218 joystick, 77
dialog boxes, 44
EXE/DLL, 217 Change Heading (button), 179
Diesel view, 259
Overview, 217 Change User (dialog box), 55
display
Acceleration/Deceleration changing user, 55
colours, 62
Settings (dialog box), Clutch Settings (dialog
layout, 29, 32, 44
173, 181 box), 206
printing a hardcopy, 56
Ack (button), 86 combinator control of
selection of display
Activate (button), 27, 178 thrusters, 204
palette, 62
alarm command
side bar, 44
acknowledging, 86 groups, 96
top bar, 32
lamps, 87 status, 96
working area, 44
silence, 87 transfer, 95
display accuracy
alarm limits Command Control (dialog
sea current speed, 61
heading, 63 box), 96
vessel speed, 61
pitch, roll, heave, 64 DP-OS, 97
display layout
position, 63 Give, 99
alarm presentation, 33
VRS, 64 Overview, 98
command control, 33
Alarm Limits (dialog box) command control indicator
system status, 33
Position, 63 on top bar, 33
display presentation
VRS, 64 Connect (dialog box), 102
wind, waves and sea
alarm message, 80 consequence analysis
current direction, 61
alarm presentation, 33 DP, 256
display views, 49
alarm states, 85 running state messages, 257
control dialog boxes, 51
Alarm View (button), 81 selecting DP class, 257
Joystick view, 261
Alarms (button) warning messages, 258
Numeric view, 270
Alarm lamp, 87 Control Setup (button), 65
orientation of the
Fault lamp, 87 controller
operator station, 49
Power lamp, 87 gain, 65
Posplot view, 273
Alarms (menu) in operation type PM, 22
Power Consumption
Position and Heading, 63 Controller mode
view, 291
VRS, 64 High Precision, 66
Power view, 285
Alloc Setup (button), 186 Relaxed, 66
preselecting, 52
Allocation Settings (dialog controller PS
Reference system main
box), 189 resetting, 103
view, 292
analysis selecting master, 107
Reference system status, 301
consequence updating offline, 107
Rotation Centers view, 303
DP, 256 Controls (button), 25
selecting, 50
Auto Position mode, 163 coordinate systems, 145
Sensors view, 303
from Joystick mode to, 163 position presentation, 129
Thruster forces view, 307
Green control, 21 system datum, 146
Thruster main view, 309
Automatic Thruster Start current
Thruster setpoint
(dialog box), 185 direction display, 61
feedback view, 323
AutoPos (menu) current update, 73
Thruster views
Acceleration, 181 Azimuth thruster
axis control, 40 view, 317
D
Propeller/rudder
damping, 40 view, 320
B dashboard, 35 Tunnel thruster view, 314
basic forces and motions, 15 Date And Time (dialog tooltip, hotspot cursor
blackout prevention, 208 box), 84 and change of cursor
Datum Details (dialog image, 49
box), 132 Trends view, 325
Decrease (button), 27, 178
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median test of position changing using the Power Consumption view, 291
measurements, 150 Posplot view, 166 Power Optimal Allocation
messages dropout, 154 (dialog box), 192
acknowledging, 86 limits, 63 Power Plot (dialog box), 290
explanations, 89 speed setpoint, 171 Power view, 285
presentation, 81 stopping a change of view controls, 290
printed, 88 position, 165 prediction test of position
minimum power heading, 179 Position (dialog box) measurements, 149
mixed joystick/auto modes, 159 Abs, 170 Preselect (dialog box), 52
modes Inc, 168 Preselect button names
Auto Position, 163 R/B, 169 (dialog box), 52
button group, 25 Speed, 171 Present Heading (button), 176
Joystick, 157 Position deviation pane, 38 presentation
mixed joystick/auto, 159 Position Inc (dialog box), 167 resetting, 62
Standby, 156 Position Presentation Presentation Units
(dialog box), 129 selecting the set of
Position R/B (dialog box), 167 presentation units, 59
N position-reference systems Presentation Units (dialog
numbers changing relative box), 59
entering, 45 weight, 140 Print (dialog box), 229
input validation, 48 changing test limits, 141 Print Status (dialog box), 213
Numeric Entry Keypad changing the reference printing
Dialog Use (dialog box), 46 origin, 154 display picture, 56
Numeric view, 270 controlling, 135 System report, 57
coordinate systems, 145 process stations, 220
divergence test, 149 resetting, 103
O enabling, 139 PUIF Network message
enabling other, 153 monitoring (dialog box), 87
offline controller PS
enabling the first, 152
updating, 107
freeze test, 148
operator panel, 24 Q
median test, 150
operator station, 23
monitoring, 139 Quick Model (dialog box), 69
software restart, 92
prediction test, 149 quick model update, 68
software stop, 92
properties, 142
operator stations, 220
reference origin, 146, 152
relative weighting of, 148 R
P standard deviation, 147
tests on, 147 rate of turn
panel, 24 variance test, 148 acceleration/deceleration
Panel Lamp Test (dialog Positioning (menu) factor, 181
box), 58 Heading, 179 sensors, 126
Panel Light Configuration Position, 168 setpoint, 181
(dialog box), 57 Position Inc, 167 RBUS IO Image, 235
panning function (center Position R/B, 167 redundancy, 220
here), 284 Posplot (dialog box) dual-redundant systems, 105
PcAnywhere Waiting... Grid, 281 triple-redundant
(dialog box), 213 Motion, 280 systems, 106
pitch, 15 Range, 282 Redundant Stations (dialog
pitch limits, 64 Show, 280 box), 107
pitch, roll, heave Trace, 282 reference origin, 146
limits, 64 Posplot view, 273, 280 changing, 154
position changing heading, 177 Reference System (dialog
changing using absolute changing position, 166 box)
coordinates, 170 EBL function, 284 Enable, 139
changing using view controls, 280 Reference system main
increments, 167–168 power view, 292
changing using monitoring, 208 view controls, 298
range/bearing, 167,
169
332 385575/D
Index
385575/D 333
Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
U
UTM Properties (dialog
box), 134
V
variance test of position
measurements, 148
vertical reference sensor, 120
vessel speed
display accuracy, 61
Vessel speed pane, 35
View (menu)
Position Presentation, 129
Preselect, 52
Presentation Units, 59
334 385575/D
Kongsberg K-Pos DP (OS)
335 385575/D
©2015 Kongsberg Maritime