Assignment 1.

1. Let f be the function

f (x) = x2 ln x8 where x > 1

(a) Use the sign pattern for f 0 (x) to determine the intervals where f rises and where
f falls. (5)
(b) Determine the coordinates of the local extreme point(s). (2)
(c) Find f 00 (x) and determine where the graph of f is concave up and where it is
concave down. (5)

[12]

2. You are designing a poster to contain 50 cm2 of printing with margins of 4 cm each at
the top and bottom and 2 cm at each side. What overall dimensions will minimize
the amount of paper used? [5]

3. Use L’Hôpital’s rule to evaluate:

1 cos3 x
(a) lim (5)
x!0 sin2 x

(b) lim (cos x1 )x (5)

x!1

x ln x
(c) lim 2
x!1 x 1
(5)
(d) lim x2ln x (5)
x!1 x 1

[20]

1 1
4. Find the exact value of tan sin 2
[3]
TOTAL: [40]

SOLUTIONS

1. Let f be the function de…ned by

f (x) = x2 ln x8 where x > 1

Solutions:
(a)

Open Rubric
 0
f 0 (x) = (x2 8 ln x)
8
= 2x
x
2(x2 4)
=
x
2(x 2)(x + 2)
= where x > 1
x
We …nd the sign pattern for x > 1 so x in the denominator always has positive values and
may be excluded from the sign pattern. We only look at the sign pattern for x > 1

y=x 2 +
y =x+2 + +
f 0 (x) +
1 2
Thus f rises on (2; 1) and f falls on (1; 2):
(b)
The local extreme point(s) occur at x when f 0 (x) = 0:Thus we must …nd where

2(x 2)(x + 2)
f 0 (x) = = 0 in the interval x > 1
x
This can only happen when x = 2 and the local extreme point is (2; f (2)) = (2; 22 ln 28 ) =
(2; 4 8 ln 2) or (2; 4 ln 256):
(c)

00 8
f (x) = 2 + for x > 1
x2
2x2 + 8
= for x > 1 (*)
x2
We see that y = 2x2 + 8 in (*) is a parabola which have no roots and is always positive,
Similarly y = x2 is always positive for x > 1 .
Thus the second derivative is always positive and so the function is concave up on the interval
(1; 1):

2
 2. Method 1

Let l and b be the length and width of the printing part of the poster: Thus

lb = 50

and we have
50
l=( )
b
Let T be the area of the poster i.e.T = (l + 8)(b + 4) so

T (b)
50
= ( + 8)(b + 4) using ( )
b
200
= 82 + 8b +
b
Then
0 200
T (b) = 8
b2
For a minimum
0 200 200
T (b) = 8 2
= 0 , b2 = = 25
b 8
Thus b = 5 and l = 10 so that the poster has dimensions 18 9cm2 :
[ To see that this values is indeed a minimum we take the second derivative of T (b) i.e.
00 00
T (b) = 400b 3 and we see that T (5) = 40053
>0
whihc implies immediately that these dimensions give a poster which meets the require-
ments.]
Method 2
Let l and b be the length and width of the poster: Thus the printing part will be

(l 8)(b 4) = 50

and we have
50
l= +8 ( )
b 4
Let T be the area of the poster i.e. T = lb so

T (b)
50
= b( + 8) using ( )
b 4
50b
= + 8b
b 4
Then

3
 0 (b
4)50 50b
T (b) = +8
(b 4)2
200
= +8
(b 4)2

For a minimum
0 200 200
T (b) = + 8 = 0 , (b 4)2 = = 25
(b 4)2 8
Thus b 4 = 5 i.e. b = 9 and l = 18 so that the poster has dimensions 18 9cm2 :

1 cos3 x
3. (a) lim
x!0 sin2 x
Solution:

1 cos3 x 0
lim 2 form
x!0 sin x 0
3 cos2 x( sin x)
= lim
x!0 2 sin x cos x
3
= lim cos x
2 x!0
3
= since cos 0 = 1
2

(b) lim (cos x1 )x

x!1
Solution:
We have a (11 ) form so we need to use eln x = x
1
ln lim (cos )x
x!1 x
ln(cos x1 )
= lim 1
x!1
x
1
( cos 1 : sin x1 : x 2)
x
= lim 2
x!1 x
1
= lim (tan )
x!1 x
= tan 0
= 0

Thus the answer is

1
lim (cos )x = e0 = 1
x!1 x

4
 (c) lim xx2ln x1
x!1
Solution:
x ln x 1
lim 2
form
x!1 x 1 1
x: x1 + ln x
= lim
x!1 2x
1 + ln x 1
= lim still an form
x!1 2x 1
1
x
= lim
2
x!1
1
= lim
x!1 2x
= 0

(d) lim xx2ln x1

x!1
Solution:

x ln x 0
lim
2
form
x
x!1 1 0
x: x1 + ln x
= lim
x!1 2x
1 + ln x
= lim
x!1 2x
1
= since ln 1 = 0
2

1 1
4. Find the exact value of tan sin 2
:
Solution:
We write sin 1 1
2
= then sin = 12 :
We know that f (x) = sin 1 x is only de…ned in the …rst and fourth quadrant and since it is
negative in this case the angle is made with the x axis in thepfouth quadrant.
p
Now the value of the side of the triangle on the x axis is x = 4 1 = 3
The angle made with the x-axis in the fourt quadrant is thus 6
We then have
1
tan = tan( p )=
6 3
THINGS TO REMEMBER DEALING WITH INVERSE TRIG FUNCTIONS:
1. The inverse functions are NEVER de…ned in the 3rd quadrant (see your study guide and
look at the graphs and de…nitions there)
2. The angles are always as follows: 2 ( 2 ; 2 ):