Ain Shams University Fundamentals of I.C.E.

Faculty of Engineering MEP 312

Mechanical Power Engineering

Sheet: Combustion

1- State the combustion equation, the corresponding mass balance and find the A/F ratio for CH4
with air in chemically correct or stoichometric conditions.

2- Find the stoichometric A/F ratio for complete combustion of each of the following fuels:
(a) Octane C8H8
(b) A mixture of pure hydrocarbons contains 84.8% carbon.
(c) Pure H2
(d) Bio-ethanol CH3OH
(e) Syngas 50% H2 + 50 CO% by volume
Comment on your answer.

3- Find the actual A/F ratio, the excess air factor, the equivalence ratio of a liquid fuel composed of
85% carbon and 15% hydrogen by mass
(a) If the dry exhaust gases contain 4% carbon monoxide.
(b) If the dry exhaust gases contain 4% oxygen.

4- The dry exhaust gases of burning a hydrocarbon consist of 9% CO2 + 1.7% CO + 89.3% N2. Find
the mass percentage composition of the fuel, the air/fuel ratio and the excess air factor, the
equivalence ratio

5- A natural gas has the following molar analysis: 80.62% CH4 + 5.41% C2H6 +1.87% C3H8 + 1.60%
C4H10 + 10.50% N2. The gas is burned with dry air, giving products having a molar analysis on a
dry basis: 7.8% CO2 + 0.2% CO +7% O2 + 85% N2. Determine
(a) the air–fuel ratio.
(b) the dew point temperature of the products, if the mixture were cooled at 1 atm

6- A producer gas sample has 2% CH4, 2% O2, 14% H2, 22% CO, 5% CO2 and 55% N2 by volume.
Determine the minimum air requirement per m3 of gas and the volumetric analysis of
combustion products for 40% excess air supply. Take air to have 21% oxygen by volume.
7- Determine air fuel ratio and percentage excess air for a liquid fuel sample whose ultimate
analysis shows 85% carbon and 15% hydrogen. It produces dry exhaust gases having 11.5%
CO2, 1.2% CO, 0.9% O2, 86% N2 by volume after combustion.

8- C10 H22 is burnt with air fuel ratio of 13 by mass. Combustion is such that complete hydrogen
burns into water and there is no free oxygen and no free carbon. Also, carbon dioxide and carbon
monoxide are present in combustion products. Determine volumetric analysis of
combustion products.

9- Determine air fuel ratio for combustion of C3H8 (Propane) with 200 percent theoretical air
supplied and the dew point temperature of the combustion products, when cooled at 2 atm.

10- Transform the volumetric analysis as given into gravimetric analysis. 15% CO, 2.2% CO, 1.6%
O2, 81.2% N2.

11- Calculate the molecular formula, the combustion stoichiometry, fuel/air mass ratio and product
mole fractions for the following fuel oil.

Element Weight mol per mol/mol C

Percent (g per 100 g) 100 g
C 84.0  12 g/mol =7 7 =1
H2 15.3  (2 x 1) / 2 = 15.3 7 = 2.186
S 0.3  32 = 0.0094 7 = 0.0013
N2 0.4  (2 x 14) /2 = 0.0286 7 = 0.0041

Note: for N2 (and H2), they need to be converted from molecules to atoms, or

0.4 g N 2 mol N 2 2mol N 1 0.0041 mol N

   = per 100 g of fuel
100g (2  14)g N 2 mol N 2 7 mol C

The molecular formula is:

CH2.186S0.0013N0.0041