Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No6.:EE02-2S-2020-2021

College: Engineering
Campus: Bambang

DEGREE PROGRAM Bachelor of COURSE NO. EE 02

Science in
Electrical
Engineering
SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE Electrical Circuits 2
YEAR LEVEL 2nd Year TIME FRAME WK NO. IM NO. 6

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

Polyphase Systems

II. LESSON TITLE

Introduction to Polyphase
Balanced Three Phase System

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

This lesson provides the students an Introduction to polyphase systems. This module discusses the
generation of three phase system, advantages of a three phase system over a single phase system,
phase notation of a three phase system, and three phase system configuration for current and voltage of
balanced three phase system.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Discuss the generation of a three phase system.

2. Draw the current(voltage) phase notation of a three phase system
3. Explain the difference of a positive sequence and a negative sequence.
4. Draw the phasor diagram of a wye-wye configuration balanced system.
5. Explain the current and voltage characteristics of a wye-wye system.
6. Draw the phasor diagram of a wye-delta configuration balanced system.
7. Explain the current and voltage characteristics of a wye-delta system.
8. Draw the phasor diagram of a delta-wye configuration balanced system.
9. Explain the current and voltage characteristics of a delta-wye system.
10. Draw the phasor diagram of a delta-delta configuration balanced system.
11. Explain the current and voltage characteristics of a delta-delta system

V. LESSON CONTENT

Introduction to poly-phase system?

Almost all electric power generation and most of the power transmission in the world is in the form of
three-phase AC circuits.
A poly-phase system consists of an arrangement of two or more similar single phase system in which the
maximum values of the independent voltage waves do not occur at the same instant of time.
The most common combination is the three phase system (interconnection of three single phase system)
with equal amplitude and frequency are displaced by exactly 120 electrical degrees.

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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No6.:EE02-2S-2020-2021
Note! The angle of displacement for a poly-phase system is determined by the equation

θ= 360/ n where n is the number of phase

the equation above is not applicable for 2 phase system for it is displaced by exactly 90 electrical degrees.

Generation of a three phase system

As distinct from a single-phase system, a three-phase system is produced by a generator (alternator).
The alternator basically consists of a rotating magnet (called the rotor) surrounded by a stationary
winding (called the stator). Three separate windings or coils with terminals a-a’, b-b’, and c-c’ are
electrically placed 120° apart around the stator. Because the coils are placed 120° apart, the induced
voltages in in the coils are equal in magnitude but out of phase by 120◦.

Note! Since each coil can be regarded as a single-phase generator by itself, the three-phase generator can supply power to
both single-phase and three-phase loads.

Balanced three-phase circuits

The three-phase sources, explained before, can be connected either wye (Y) or delta (∆) as shown

Consider the wye-connected voltages above, the voltages Van, Vbn, and Vcn are respectively between
lines a, b, and c, and the neutral line n. These voltages are called phase voltages. If the voltage sources
have the same amplitude and frequency and are out of phase with each other by 120 degrees, the
voltages are said to be balanced. This gives
𝑉𝑎𝑛 + 𝑉𝑏𝑛 + 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 0 where |𝑉𝑎𝑛| = |𝑉𝑏𝑛| = |𝑉𝑐𝑛|
Phase sequence
There are two possible combinations, one possibility is called positive (abc) sequence. This sequence
is produced when the phasor diagram rotates clockwise. The other sequence is called negative (acb)
sequence and it is produced when the phasor diagram rotates counterclockwise. The phase sequence
is determined by the order in which the phasors pass through a fixed point in the phase diagram.

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No6.:EE02-2S-2020-2021

Positive sequence

𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝∠00 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝∠ − 120⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝∠120⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠 = 𝑉𝑝∠ − 240⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

Negative sequence

𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝∠0⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝∠120⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝∠ − 120⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠 = 𝑉𝑝∠240⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

Exercise 1.1

Given a positive sequence 3 phase system, Find the phase voltages of 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 120∠ − 30 𝑉.

Solution:

𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 120∠ − 30 𝑉
Note! Phase displacement between phase voltages is 120 degrees.

𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 120∠ − (30 + 120) 𝑉 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎∠ − 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑽

𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 120∠ − (150 + 120) 𝑉 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎∠ − 𝟐𝟕𝟎 𝑽

Exercise 1.2

Given 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 220∠100 𝑉, determine Phase voltage Van and Vcn using negative sequence.
Solution:
Note! negative sequence- counter clockwise rotation

𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 220∠100 𝑉
𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 220∠(100 − 120) 𝑉 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎∠ − 𝟐𝟎 𝑽

𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 220∠(100 + 120) 𝑉 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎∠𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝑽

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No6.:EE02-2S-2020-2021

Balanced three phase load

Like the generator connections, a three-phase load can be either wye-connected or delta-connected,
depending on the end application as shown.

Note! Y-connected load can be transformed into a delta-connected load, or vice versa.

Where Z1=Z2=Z3 for Y connection and Za=Zb=Zc for ∆ connection

Since both the three-phase source and the three-phase load can be either Y or ∆, we have four possible
connections:
 Y-Y connection (Y-connected source with a Y-connected load)
 Y-∆ connection (Y-connected source with a ∆-connected load)
 ∆-∆ connection (∆-connected source with a ∆-connected load)
 ∆-Y connection (∆-connected source with a Y-connected load)

Balanced Y-Y three-phase circuits

The line-to-line voltages or simply line voltages Vab, Vbc, and Vca are related to the phase voltages

The relation between phase and line voltages can be proved vectorially

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No6.:EE02-2S-2020-2021

𝑽𝒂𝒃 = 𝑽𝒂𝒏 + 𝑽𝒏𝒃 𝒐𝒓 𝑽𝒂𝒃 = 𝑽𝒂𝒏 − 𝑽𝒃𝒏

𝑽𝒃𝒄 = 𝑽𝒃𝒏 + 𝑽𝒏𝒄 𝒐𝒓 𝑽𝒃𝒄 = 𝑽𝒃𝒏 − 𝑽𝒄𝒏
𝑽𝒄𝒂 = 𝑽𝒄𝒏 + 𝑽𝒏𝒂 𝒐𝒓 𝑽𝒄𝒂 = 𝑽𝒄𝒏 − 𝑽𝒂𝒏

From the phasor diagram shown above, it is clear that the magnitude of the line voltages VL is √𝟑 times
the magnitude of the phase voltages Vp(Van, Vbn,Vcn).
Also the line voltages lead their corresponding phase voltages by 30◦.
Applying KVL to each phase, we obtain the phase current which is equal to the line current.
𝑽𝒂𝒏 𝑽𝒂𝒏 𝑽𝒄𝒏
𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝒄 =
𝒁𝒂 𝒁𝒃 𝒁𝒄

The line current is the current in each line, and the phase current is the current in each
phase of the source or load. In Y-Y, the line current is the same as the phase current.

For a balanced three phase system, the line currents add up to zero.

𝑰𝒂 + 𝑰𝒃 + 𝑰𝒄 = 𝟎

Example 1.3.

Given a three phase source with a phase voltage Van and a magnitude of 110 ∠0 𝑉.
Find the line voltages Vab, Vbc, and Vca. Assume a positive sequence.

Solution:

𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 110 ∠0 𝑉 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 110 ∠ − 120 𝑉 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 110 ∠120 𝑉

Required: Vab, Vbc, Vca

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝑉𝑎𝑛 + 𝑉𝑛𝑏 𝑉𝑛𝑏 = −(𝑉𝑏𝑛) = −(110∠ − 120 𝑉) = 110 ∠60 𝑉

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 110 + 110∠60 𝑉
𝑽𝒂𝒃 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎. 𝟓𝟑∠𝟑𝟎 𝑽

𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 𝑉𝑏𝑛 + 𝑉𝑛𝑐 𝑉𝑛𝑐 = −(𝑉𝑐𝑛) = −(110∠120 𝑉) = 110 ∠ − 60 𝑉

𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 110∠ − 120 + 110∠ − 60 𝑉
𝑽𝒃𝒄 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎. 𝟓𝟑∠ − 𝟗𝟎 𝑽

𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 𝑉𝑐𝑛 + 𝑉𝑛𝑎 𝑉𝑛𝑎 = −(𝑉𝑎𝑛) = −(110∠0 𝑉) = 110 ∠180 𝑉

𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 110∠120 + 110∠180 𝑉
𝑽𝒄𝒂 = 𝟏𝟗𝟎. 𝟓𝟑∠𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑽

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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No6.:EE02-2S-2020-2021

Example 1.4.

Refer to figure below, Find for the line voltages and line currents if 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 120∠30 𝑉, and load impedance
𝑍𝑦 = 30∠25 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠.

Solution:

𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 120 ∠30 𝑉 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 120 ∠ − 90 𝑉 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 120 ∠150 𝑉

Required: Vab, Vbc, Vca

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝑉𝑎𝑛 + 𝑉𝑛𝑏 𝑉𝑛𝑏 = −(𝑉𝑏𝑛) = −(120 ∠ − 90 𝑉) = 120 ∠90 𝑉

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 120 ∠30 𝑉 + 120 ∠ 90 𝑉
𝑽𝒂𝒃 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟖𝟒𝟔∠ 𝟔𝟎 𝑽

𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 𝑉𝑏𝑛 + 𝑉𝑛𝑐 𝑉𝑛𝑐 = −(𝑉𝑐𝑛) = −(120 ∠150 𝑉) = 120 ∠ − 30 𝑉

𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 120 ∠ − 90 𝑉 + 120 ∠ − 30 𝑉
𝑽𝒃𝒄 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟖𝟒𝟔∠ − 𝟔𝟎 𝑽

𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 𝑉𝑐𝑛 + 𝑉𝑛𝑎 𝑉𝑛𝑎 = −(𝑉𝑎𝑛) = −(120 ∠30 𝑉) = 120 ∠ − 150 𝑉

𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 120 ∠150 𝑉 + 120 ∠ − 150 𝑉
𝑽𝒄𝒂 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟖𝟒𝟔∠ 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝑽

For wye- wye system I line= I phase

𝑉𝑎𝑛 120 ∠30 𝑉

𝑰𝒂 = = = 𝟒∠𝟓 𝑨
𝑍𝑎 30∠25
𝑉𝑎𝑛 120 ∠ − 90 𝑉
𝑰𝒃 = = = 𝟒∠ − 𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝑨
𝑍𝑎 30∠25

𝑉𝑎𝑛 120 ∠150 𝑉

𝑰𝒄 = = = 𝟒∠𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝑨
𝑍𝑎 30∠25

Balanced wye-delta three-phase circuits

The balanced wye-delta system is shown in the figure below, where the source is Y-connected and the
load is delta-connected. There is no neutral connection from source to load for this case

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𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝∠0⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝∠ − 120⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 𝑉𝑝∠120⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠 = 𝑉𝑝∠ − 240⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑽𝒂𝒃 = √𝟑𝑽𝒑 ∠30 𝑉

𝑽𝒃𝒄 = √𝟑𝑽𝒑 ∠ − 90 𝑉
𝑽𝒄𝒂 = √𝟑𝑽𝒑 ∠150 𝑉

Note! The line voltages are equal to the voltages across the load impedances for this system
configuration.

From these voltages, we can obtain the phase currents as:

𝑽𝒂𝒃 𝑽𝒃𝒄 𝑽𝒄𝒂

𝑰𝒂𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 =
𝒁∆ 𝒁∆ 𝒁∆

These currents have the same magnitude but are out of phase with each other by 120◦.

The line currents are obtained from the phase currents by applying KCL at nodes A, B, and C. Thus,

𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂𝒃 − 𝑰𝒄𝒂 𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 − 𝑰𝒂𝒃 𝑰𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 − 𝑰𝒃𝒄

This gives that

𝐼𝑎 = √𝟑 𝑰𝒂𝒃∠ − 30 𝐴

The relation between phase and line currents for delta-connected circuits is shown

From phasor diagram above, the magnitude IL of the line current is √𝟑 times the magnitude Ip of the
phase current, or

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where

𝑰𝑳 = | 𝑰𝒂| = | 𝑰𝒃 | = | 𝑰𝒄|
And
𝑰𝑷 = | 𝑰𝒂𝒃| = | 𝑰𝒃𝒄 | = | 𝑰𝒄𝒂|

Also, the line currents lag the corresponding phase currents by 30◦.

Example 1.5

For wye- delta system, determine the line voltages, phase currents and line currents if Van=
120∠30 V and load impedance is equal to 20+15i ohms.

Solution:

𝑽𝒂𝒏 = 120∠30 𝑉
𝒁∆= 20 + 15𝑖 Ω = 25∠36.87 Ω

𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 120 ∠30 𝑉 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 120 ∠ − 90 𝑉 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 120 ∠150 𝑉

Required: Vab, Vbc, Vca

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝑉𝑎𝑛 + 𝑉𝑛𝑏 𝑉𝑛𝑏 = −(𝑉𝑏𝑛) = −(120 ∠ − 90 𝑉) = 120 ∠90 𝑉

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 120 ∠30 𝑉 + 120 ∠ 90 𝑉
𝑽𝒂𝒃 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟖𝟒𝟔∠ 𝟔𝟎 𝑽

𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 𝑉𝑏𝑛 + 𝑉𝑛𝑐 𝑉𝑛𝑐 = −(𝑉𝑐𝑛) = −(120 ∠150 𝑉) = 120 ∠ − 30 𝑉

𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 120 ∠ − 90 𝑉 + 120 ∠ − 30 𝑉
𝑽𝒃𝒄 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟖𝟒𝟔∠ − 𝟔𝟎 𝑽

𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 𝑉𝑐𝑛 + 𝑉𝑛𝑎 𝑉𝑛𝑎 = −(𝑉𝑎𝑛) = −(120 ∠30 𝑉) = 120 ∠ − 150 𝑉

𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 120 ∠150 𝑉 + 120 ∠ − 150 𝑉
𝑽𝒄𝒂 = 𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟖𝟒𝟔∠ 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝑽

𝑉𝑎𝑏 207.846∠ 60
𝐼𝛷 = 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = = = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 ∠ 𝟐𝟑. 𝟏𝟑 𝑨
𝑍∆ 25∠36.87
𝑉𝑏𝑐 207.846∠ − 60
𝐼𝛷 = 𝐼𝑏𝑐 = = = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 ∠ − 𝟗𝟔. 𝟖𝟕 𝑨
𝑍∆ 25∠36.87
𝑉𝑐𝑎 207.846∠180
𝐼𝛷 = 𝐼𝑐𝑎 = = = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 ∠ 𝟏𝟒𝟑. 𝟏𝟑 𝑨
𝑍∆ 25∠36.87

𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑎𝑏 − 𝐼𝑐𝑎 = 8.314 ∠ 23.13 𝐴 − 8.314 ∠ 143.13 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒 ∠ − 𝟔. 𝟖𝟕 𝑨

𝐼𝑏 = 𝐼𝑏𝑐 − 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 8.314 ∠ − 96.87 𝐴 − 8.314 ∠ 23.13 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒 ∠ − 𝟏𝟐𝟔. 𝟖𝟕 𝑨
𝐼𝑐 = 𝐼𝑐𝑎 − 𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 8.314 ∠ 143.13 𝐴 − 8.314 ∠ − 96.87 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟑 𝑨

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Example 1.6

For the three-phase Y-∆ circuit shown calculate the line and phase currents of the load. Assume that
𝑍𝐿 = 12 + 𝑗2 Ω.

Solution:

Converting the 3-ph load from ∆ to Y then load impedance

𝑍∆ 12 + 𝑗2
𝑍𝑌 = = = 4.055∠9.462 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠.
3 3

In that case the transmission line impedance (Zline) will be in series with ZY

𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑍𝑌 + 𝑍𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 4.055∠9.462 + 1 + 𝑗2 = 5.667∠28.0724 Ω

𝑉𝑎𝑛 100∠ 0 𝑉
𝐼𝑎 = = = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟔𝟒𝟕∠ − 𝟐𝟖. 𝟎𝟕𝟐𝟒 𝑨
𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 5.667∠28.0724 Ω

𝑉𝑏𝑛 100∠ − 120 𝑉

𝐼𝑏 = = = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟔𝟒𝟕∠ − 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟎𝟕𝟐𝟒 𝑨
𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 5.667∠28.0724 Ω
𝑉𝑐𝑛 100∠120 𝑉
𝐼𝑐 = = = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟔𝟒𝟕∠ 𝟗𝟏. 𝟗𝟐𝟕𝟔 𝑨
𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 5.667∠28.0724 Ω

In wye-delta system line current is √𝟑 times the phase currents and it is always lagging by 30 degrees with
respect to phase currents.

𝐼𝑎 17.647
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = = = 10.189∠ − 28.0724 + 30 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟗 ∠𝟏. 𝟗𝟐𝟕𝟔 𝑨
√3 √3

𝐼𝑏 17.647
𝐼𝑏𝑐 = = = 10.189∠ − 148.0724 + 30 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟗 ∠ − 𝟏𝟏𝟖. 𝟎𝟕𝟐 𝑨
√3 √3

𝐼𝑏 17.647
𝐼𝑐𝑎 = = = 10.189∠91.9276 + 30 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟗 ∠ 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟐𝟖 𝑨
√3 √3

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Balanced ∆- ∆ three-phase circuits

The source as well as the load is delta-connected as shown. Assuming a positive sequence, the phase
voltages for a delta-connected source are:

𝑽𝑳 = 𝑽𝒑 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

The line voltages are the same as the phase voltages. Assuming there is no line impedances, the phase
voltages of the delta connected source are equal to the voltages across the impedances. Hence, the
phase currents are

𝑽𝒂𝒃 𝑽𝒃𝒄 𝑽𝒄𝒂

𝑰𝒂𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 =
𝒁∆ 𝒁∆ 𝒁∆

The line currents Ia, Ib and Ic are greater than the phase current by √𝟑 and lag the corresponding phase
current by 30°.

𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂𝒃 − 𝑰𝒄𝒂 𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 − 𝑰𝒂𝒃 𝑰𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 − 𝑰𝒃𝒄

Example 1.6

A three-phase, positive sequence ∆- ∆ connected circuit with a load impedance of 30 ∠ 30 ohms. If the
line voltage Vab is 240 ∠ 0 V, calculate the line voltages, phase currents and line currents.

Solution:

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 240 ∠ 0 𝑉
𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 240 ∠ − 120 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 240 ∠ 120 𝑉

𝑉𝑎𝑏 240 ∠ 0 𝑉
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = = = 𝟖∠ − 𝟑𝟎 𝑨
𝑍∆ 30 ∠ 30Ω
𝑉𝑏𝑐 240 ∠ − 120 𝑉
𝐼𝑏𝑐 = = = 𝟖∠ − 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝑨
𝑍∆ 30 ∠ 30Ω
𝑉𝑐𝑎 240 ∠120 𝑉
𝐼𝑐𝑎 = = = 𝟖∠𝟗𝟎 𝑨
𝑍∆ 30 ∠ 30Ω
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𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑎𝑏 − 𝐼𝑐𝑎 = 8∠ − 30 𝐴 − 8∠90 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟓𝟔 ∠ − 𝟔𝟎 𝑨

𝐼𝑏 = 𝐼𝑏𝑐 − 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 8∠ − 150 𝐴 − 8∠ − 30 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟓𝟔 ∠ − 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝑨

𝐼𝑐 = 𝐼𝑐𝑎 − 𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 8∠90 𝐴 − 8∠ − 150 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟓𝟔 ∠𝟔𝟎 𝑨

Balanced ∆-Y three-phase circuits

Consider the ∆-Y circuit shown below(assuming the abc sequence), the phase voltages of a delta-
connected source are

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝑉𝑝∠0⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 𝑉𝑝∠ − 1200 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 𝑉𝑝∠120⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠 = 𝑉𝑝∠ − 240⁰ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠

At source side, the line voltages, given above, are also same as the phase voltages.
At load side the phase voltage Van is less than the line voltage Vab by √𝟑 and lags it by 30°, therefore,
the line current (which equals the phase current) Ia can be obtained as:
𝑉𝑎𝑏/√𝟑
𝐼𝑎 = ∠ − 30⁰
𝑍𝑦

Example 1.7

For the 3-phase, +ve sequence ∆-Y circuit , if 𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 440∠10° 𝑉 and 𝑍𝑦 = 10 − 𝑗8 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠. Calculate
the line voltages and line currents.

Solution:

𝑍𝑦 = 10 − 𝑗8 Ω = 12.806 ∠ − 38.66 Ω

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 440∠10° 𝑉
𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 440∠ − 110° 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 440∠130° 𝑉

For a ∆-Y circuits it is easier to convert the Zy to its equivalent Zdelta then proceed with the process of
a ∆- ∆ circuit in finding the line currents.

𝑍∆ = 3𝑍𝑦 = 3( 12.806 ∠ − 38.66 Ω) = 38.419 ∠ − 38.66 Ω

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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𝑉𝑎𝑏 440 ∠ 10 𝑉
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟑∠𝟒𝟖. 𝟔𝟔 𝑨
𝑍∆ 38.419 ∠ − 38.66 Ω

𝑉𝑏𝑐 440 ∠ − 110 𝑉

𝐼𝑏𝑐 = = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟑∠ − 𝟕𝟏. 𝟑𝟒 𝑨
𝑍∆ 38.419 ∠ − 38.66 Ω
𝑉𝑐𝑎 440 ∠130 𝑉
𝐼𝑐𝑎 = = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟑∠𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟔𝟔 𝑨
𝑍∆ 38.419 ∠ − 38.66 Ω

𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑎𝑏 − 𝐼𝑐𝑎 = 11.453∠48.66 𝐴 − 11.453∠168.66 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟖𝟑𝟕 ∠𝟏𝟖. 𝟔𝟔 𝑨

𝐼𝑏 = 𝐼𝑏𝑐 − 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 11.453∠ − 71.34 𝐴 − 11.453∠48.66 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟖𝟑𝟕 ∠ − 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟒 𝑨

𝐼𝑐 = 𝐼𝑐𝑎 − 𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 11.453∠168.66 𝐴 − 11.453∠ − 71.34 𝐴 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟖𝟑𝟕 ∠𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟔𝟔 𝑨

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1. a. Calculate the phase voltages, line voltages, and load currents if Vcn= 230∠ 80 V and Zy= 25+j25
ohms.
Draw the phasor diagram for voltages and currents

b. Assume there is a line impedance of 3+ j2 ohms and all other conditions remain the same, phase
voltages and line voltage before and after the line impedance.

2. a. For wye- delta system, determine the line voltages, phase currents and line currents if the
load impedance is equal to 15+j10 ohms.
b. Assume there is a line impedance of 3+ j2 ohms and all other conditions remain the same, phase
voltages and line voltage before and after the line impedance.

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NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
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3. Refer to the figure below, with Vab= 230∠0 V, find for the load voltages and line currents.

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