Design of Glass in Buildings

AS PER AS 1288: 2021

Project: Fiji Meteorological Office Project

Title: Wall Cladding (Glass) Project No.:
Author: VSL Date: 27.03.24

INPUT

Structure Improtance Level (IL) = 3

Regional Windspeed; VR = 78 m/s
Windload Applied: Wu = 5.43 kPa
Live Load Applied: LL = kPa
Dead Load Applied: DL = kPa

Dimension of glass: b= 1500 mm

H= 3700 mm

Type of Glass: Toughened

Laminated Glass Type
Grade A

Type of Support: 4-Edge Support

*Two adjacent vertical edges of the glass façade panels are bonded to a glass fin(mullion) using
structural silicone and the other two edges, the head and sill, are conventionally glazed.

Span; B= 1500 mm

Aspect Ratio; AR = 2.47 *Interpolate values between AR= 2 and AR=2.5.

Glass Type Factor; C1 = 2.5

ULS Windload/Glass Type Factor: 2.172 kPa

As per Clause 4.4.5, we will refer to Figures 4.27 to 4.34 respectively to determine maximum
span for a given standard nominal thickness for a given panel size.
The thickness lies in the range of 5mm to 24mm generally ( excluding the interlayer, typically
polyvinyl butyral (PVB) )

Using the allowable span, B formula; 𝑩=𝒌_𝟏× 〖 (𝑷𝒖+ 𝒌_𝟐) 〗 ^(𝒌_𝟑 )

+𝒌_𝟒

Thickness of Glass = 5 mm Using Figure 4.27

For AR= 2
For 4-Edge Support
Constants: k1 = 2130.3
k2 = 0.368039
k3 = -0.7642
k4 = -18.4
Allowable Span, B= 1026.46876151 mm
For AR= 2.5
For 4-Edge Support
Constants: k1 = 1831.9
k2 = 0.276029
k3 = -0.7255
k4 = 4.6
Allowable Span, B= 961.387184539 mm

Interpolate between AR=2 and AR= 2.5

AR Span; B
2 1026.46876151
2.47 B
2.5 961.387184539

Therefore, allowable Span for 4- Edge Support ; B = 965.2921

Say; B = 970 mm FAIL!

*Choose another thickness, say 10mm thick Using Figure 4.30

For AR= 2
For 4-Edge Support
Constants: k1 = 4001.6
k2 = 0.320673
k3 = -0.7642
k4 = -38.4
Allowable Span, B= 1952.7411363 mm

For AR= 2.5

For 4-Edge Support
Constants: k1 = 3459.4
k2 = 0.240505
k3 = -0.7255
k4 = 9.6
Allowable Span, B= 1835.68120263 mm

Interpolate between AR=2 and AR= 2.5

AR Span; B
2 1952.7411363
2.47 B
2.5 1835.68120263

Therefore, allowable Span for 4- Edge Support ; B = 1842.705

Say; B = 1840 mm PASS!
*Choose another thickness, say 12mm thick Using Figure 4.31
For AR= 2
For 4-Edge Support
Constants: k1 = 261.6
k2 = -0.1 P= 2.24 KPA
k3 = -0.397
k4 = 1.1
Allowable Span, B= 194.503118105 mm

For AR= 2.5

For 4-Edge Support
Constants: k1 = 222.19
k2 = -0.1
k3 = -0.3556
k4 = 0.29
Allowable Span, B= 169.813289555 mm

Interpolate between AR=2 and AR= 2.5

AR Span; B
2 194.503118105
2.47 B
2.5 169.813289555

Therefore, allowable Span for 4- Edge Support ; B = 171.2947

Say; B = 170 mm FAIL!

25 mm
 For Serviceability Limit States- Check for Deflection

For importance Level 3 Structure with a design working life of 50 years:

Annual Probability of Exceedance; 1/R
For: 1/R
SLS 1 = 1/25

700000000000
For SLS 1:
R= 25 Years
VR = 50 m/s

Pressure(SLS) = 𝑃(ULS)
×(𝑉_(𝑅(𝑆𝐿𝑆))/𝑉_(𝑅(𝑈𝐿𝑆)) )^2

P(SLS 1) = 2.24 kPa

Glass to be designed for Serviceability Limit States by limiting deflection.

The limits are as follows: Deflection of span:
[1.] Span/60 for 2,3 or 4 edge supports,
[2.] Height/30 for cantilevered panels
[3.] Span/90 for each pane of a double glazed unit

For SLS Check of 10mm thick Toughened Laminated Glass

For 4-Edge support:
B= 1500 mm
t= 10 mm
Slenderness Ratio; B/t = 150 mm

From figure 4.35:

for AR = 2 , the maximum acceptable serviceability pressure = 5.2 kPa
for AR = 2.5 , the maximum acceptable serviceability pressure = 3.15 kPa

*Interpolate between the two values:

AR Max allowable SLS Pressure
2 = 5.2
2.47 = P(allowable)
2.5 = 3.15

P(allowable) = 3.273 kPa

P(allowable) > P(SLS 1) , Hence within limit!

Max Deflection = Span/60 Deflection of Span:

Max Deflection = 25 mm P= 2240 Pa
 L= 3700 mm
B= 1500 mm
Δ= 3.5535901E-13 mm E= 70000000000 Pa
CHECK: Passes in Deflection! I = (BD^3)/6331625000000 mm^4

For SLS Check of 12mm thick Toughened Laminated Glass

For 4-Edge support:
B= 1500 mm
t= 20 mm
Slenderness Ratio; B/t = 75 mm
From figure 4.35:
for AR = 2 , the maximum acceptable serviceability pressure = 7.25 kPa
for AR = 2.5 , the maximum acceptable serviceability pressure = 5 kPa

*Interpolate between the two values:

AR Max allowable SLS Pressure
2 = 7.25
2.47 = P(allowable)
2.5 = 5

P(allowable) = 5.135 kPa

P(allowable) > P(SLS 1) , Hence within limit!

P(allowable) > P(SLS 2) , Hence within limit!

Calculation Summary
Four Edge Support
Thickness Allowable Deflection Max All.
Glass Type: of glass Span,B Span Criteria met? for: P(SLS) Pressure Criteria met?
5 1500 1000 FAIL! SLS 1 1.81 5.135 PASS!
Laminated 12 1500 2260 PASS! SLS 2 3.96 5.135 PASS!
Toughened 24 1500

Two Edge Support

Thickness Allowable Deflection Max All.
Glass Type: of glass Span,B Span Criteria met? for: P(SLS) Pressure Criteria met?
5 3700 650 FAIL! SLS 1 1.81
Laminated 12 3700 1490 FAIL! SLS 2 3.96
Toughened 24 3700 2780 FAIL!
 Debris Impact Limitations

The structural design guidelines for debris loads state that the external fabric of public cyclone
shelters(importance level 4) is to at least capable of resisting wind debris defined as:
[1.] Five spherical steel balls of 2 grams mass and 8mm diameter impacting at 0.4×V10,000 for horizontal
trajectories and 0.3×V10,000 for vertical trajectories.
[2.] A 100 mm × 50 mm piece of timber of 4kg mass impacting at 0.4×V 10,000 for horizontal trajectories
and 0.1×V10,000 for vertical trajectories.

Acceptance Criteria:

A test specimen shall:

[1.] Prevent a debris missile from penetrating through.
[2.] If perforated, have a maximum perforation width of less than 8 mm.
Input

Regional Windspeed : 84 m/s

Required Impact Speeds:
0.1×V10,000 = 8.4 m/s
0.3×V10,000 = 25.2 m/s
0.4×V10,000 = 33.6 m/s
Type of Support
2 - Edge Support
3- Edge Support
4-Edge Support

Glass Type Factor

Glass Type C1
Ordinary A 1

Heat- Stre 1.6

Toughened 2.5
Wired 0.5