A SPEECH SOUND

A physical event with 3 aspects:

a. Physiological: the production of speech sounds by organs of articulation
b. Acoustic: the transmission of speech sounds
c. Auditory: the perception of speech sounds

PHONETICS
The study of human speech sounds
A branch off linguistics studying the production, the physical nature, the perception and other
aspects of human speech sounds

AREAS OFF PHONETICS

Articulatory phonetics
Acoustic phonetics
Auditory phonetics

PHONEME /bed/
->3 parts pieces segment
->3 phoneme ( 3 đơn vị âm nhỏ nhất)

Vowels:
are sounds in which there is NO OBSTRUCTION to the flow of air as it passes from the larynx to
the lips
voiced
more sonorous
Syllabic

Consonants
Produced with a narrow or complete closure in the vocal tract
voiced or voiceless
less sonorous
generally not syllabic
Note:
- Some consonants do not really obstruct the airflow more than some vowels
- Ex: /h/,/w/

Vowels
A vowel: a voiced sound in which the air has a free passage through the mouth, and does not
produce any audible friction ( gồm Pure vowels/ monophthongs; diphthongs)
Pure vowels/ monophthongs: an unchanging sound in the pronouciation of which the organs of
speech do not perceptibly change the position throughout the duration of the vowel in a
syllable ( có 4 nguyên tắc phân loại)
 The raised part of the tongue
 - Front vowels: front of tongue raised in dirrection of hard palate: /i:/-/ ɪ/-/e/-/æ/
- Central vowels: center raised toward palate: /ɜː/-/ə/-/ʌ/
- Back vowels: back raised in direction of soft palate /u:/-/ʊ/-/a:/- /
ɔː/-/ɒ/
 The height of the raised part of the tongue

- Close/high vowels: 1 part of tongues comes close to palate without

touching it, and air passage is narrow but so much as to form a consonant: /i:/-/ ɪ/-
/u:/-/ʊ/-
- Mid-open/ mid-close vowels: tongue half way between ít high and low position:
/e/-/ɜː/-/ə/-/ ɔː/
- Open/low vowels: 1 part of tongue is very low and air passage is very wide:/ æ/-/a:/-/
ʌ/-/ɒ/
 The lip shape
 The vowel length

LONG VOWELS
- These vowels are longer than short vowels
- The length might varies depend on context
- The mark (: )- two dots
- /i:/- beat,mean: more close/higher. More front lips are slightly spread
- /u:/ food, soon
- /a:/ card, half
- / ɔː/ board, torn
- / ɜː/ bird, fern