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Download textbook Digital Transformation And Global Society Third International Conference Dtgs 2018 St Petersburg Russia May 30 June 2 2018 Revised Selected Papers Part I Daniel A Alexandrov ebook all chapter pdf
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Daniel A. Alexandrov
Alexander V. Boukhanovsky
Andrei V. Chugunov
Yury Kabanov
Olessia Koltsova (Eds.)
Digital Transformation
and Global Society
Third International Conference, DTGS 2018
St. Petersburg, Russia, May 30 – June 2, 2018
Revised Selected Papers, Part I
123
Communications
in Computer and Information Science 858
Commenced Publication in 2007
Founding and Former Series Editors:
Phoebe Chen, Alfredo Cuzzocrea, Xiaoyong Du, Orhun Kara, Ting Liu,
Dominik Ślęzak, and Xiaokang Yang
Editorial Board
Simone Diniz Junqueira Barbosa
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio),
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Joaquim Filipe
Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
Ashish Ghosh
Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Igor Kotenko
St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
Krishna M. Sivalingam
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
Takashi Washio
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Junsong Yuan
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
Lizhu Zhou
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7899
Daniel A. Alexandrov Alexander V. Boukhanovsky
•
Digital Transformation
and Global Society
Third International Conference, DTGS 2018
St. Petersburg, Russia, May 30 – June 2, 2018
Revised Selected Papers, Part I
123
Editors
Daniel A. Alexandrov Yury Kabanov
National Research University Higher School National Research University Higher School
of Economics of Economics
St. Petersburg, Russia St. Petersburg, Russia
Alexander V. Boukhanovsky Olessia Koltsova
Saint Petersburg State University National Research University Higher School
of Information Technologies of Economics
St. Petersburg, Russia St. Petersburg, Russia
Andrei V. Chugunov
Saint Petersburg State University
of Information Technologies
St. Petersburg, Russia
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Program Committee
Artur Afonso Sousa Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal
Svetlana Ahlborn Goethe University, Germany
Luis Amaral University of Minho, Portugal
Dennis Anderson St. Francis College, USA
Francisco Andrade University of Minho, Portugal
Farah Arab Université Paris 8, France
Alexander Babkin Crimea Federal University, Russia
Maxim Bakaev Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russia
Alexander Balthasar Bundeskanzleramt, Austria
Luís Barbosa University of Minho, Portugal
Vladimír Benko Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúr Institute
of Linguistics, Slovakia
Sandra Birzer Innsbruck University, Austria
Svetlana Bodrunova St. Petersburg State University, Russia
Radomir Bolgov St. Petersburg State University, Russia
Anastasiya National Research University Higher School
Bonch-Osmolovskaya of Economics, Russia
Nikolay Borisov St. Petersburg State University, Russia
Dietmar Brodel Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Austria
Mikhail Bundin Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod,
Russia
Diana Burkaltseva Crimea Federal University, Russia
Luis Camarinha-Matos University of Lisbon, Portugal
Lorenzo Cantoni University of Lugano, Italy
François Charoy Lorraine Laboratory of Research in Computer Science
and its Applications, France
Sunil Choenni Research and Documentation Centre (WODC),
Ministry of Justice, The Netherlands
Andrei Chugunov ITMO University, Russia
Iya Churakova St. Petersburg State University, Russia
Meghan Cook SUNY Albany, Center for Technology in Government,
USA
Esther Del Moral University of Oviedo, Spain
Saravanan Devadoss Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
Subrata Kumar Dey Independent University, Bangladesh
Alexey Dobrov St. Petersburg State University, Russia
Irina Eliseeva St. Petersburg State University of Economics, Russia
Anthony Faiola The University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
VIII Organization
Additional Reviewers
The Smart City Agenda and the Citizens: Perceptions from the
St. Petersburg Experience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Lyudmila Vidiasova, Felippe Cronemberger, and Iaroslava Tensina
How “VKontakte” Fake Accounts Influence the Social Network of Users . . . 492
Adelia Kaveeva, Konstantin Gurin, and Valery Solovyev
Art Critics and Art Producers: Interaction Through the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Anastasiia Menshikova, Daria Maglevanaya, Margarita Kuleva,
Sofia Bogdanova, and Anton Alekseev
XVIII Contents – Part II
Abstract. The article analyzes the role of state information systems in building
a democratic information society. The information available through such
information systems is official information. Citizens trust such information, plan
and base their actions on it. Meanwhile, unlike special state portals, the infor-
mation systems of individual state and municipal bodies are not always dis-
tinguished by high quality of the data. Even if some information is actually
present in the system, it may not be detected by a simple search query. This is
misleading users. To solve this problem, technical, organizational and legal
measures are needed. The authors formulate a presumption of authenticity of
official information. A citizen has the right to rely on official information as a
reliable one, his behavior based on such information should be regarded as
conscientious. A classification of state information systems on the legal sig-
nificance of the information contained in them is proposed. The authors make
some proposals on the development of international legislation on guarantees of
access to government information.
1 Introduction
This work was supported by grant 17-03-00082-ОГН from the Russian Foundation for Basic
Research.
There is a large number of information systems (IS) that are created and maintained by
state and local bodies. They provide information to citizens through the Internet, but do
not belong to special government portals. The credibility of the information in such
systems is a crucial issue for building of the information society [11].
Unlike unified state portals, the information systems of individual state bodies solve
certain specialized tasks in the sphere of public administration and can be initially
oriented at gathering and processing information that is necessary for state bodies,
rather than providing it to citizens.
But if you do not take into account law enforcement agencies, military and other
security agencies, most state information systems (SIS) in a democratic society operate
on the principle of openness. This means that most of the information in these systems
(or all information) is available to citizens. The exception is mostly personal data and
commercial secrets [12]. In the Russian Federation there are several dozens of unified
information systems of the federal level, the information in which is open.
In addition, many normative acts regulate the disclosure of information by state
bodies, which are budgetary institutions. For example, each state university in the
Russian Federation should create a special section on its website with certain types of
reports and data. There are laws that require public authorities to disclose certain types
of information (for example, on inspections) without clarifying the specific method of
providing them [13].
It should be noted that the information systems at the Federal level in the Russian
Federation have long ceased to play the role of simple tools for working with infor-
mation. State information systems become an instrument of legal regulation. We wrote
about this in our paper [14]. The bottom line is that the law increasingly places the
obligation on individuals to provide some information not just to the controlling
bodies, but to special state information systems. After that, the algorithms and capa-
bilities of the information system itself begin to influence the nature of legal relations
related to the collection of such information, its use for the purposes of state accounting
and control, as well as the activities of controlled entities. This is how the prophecy of
Lawrence Lessig comes true, that the right will be embodied «in the code and in the
machine» [15]. But with this growing role of unified federal information systems, the
quality of information processing in regional and local government bodies remains low.
This is due to financial and personnel problems. In particular, in fulfilling the
requirement of legislation on the publication of open data, a public authority can post
ordinary Microsoft Word text documents that have simply been converted into an XML
format by standard tools [16], which is completely pointless in terms of the possibility
of their further use.
6 R. Amelin et al.
should have been aware of violations committed by the counterparty (in particular, due
to the relationship of interdependence or affiliation taxpayer with a counterparty). The
Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation explains that one of the circumstances
that testifies to the manifestation by the taxpayer of diligence and caution in choosing a
counterparty is the use of official sources of information characterizing the activities of
the counterparty [20]. At the same time, in practice, official sources of information (in
particular, free services of the Federal Tax Service of Russia) will only partially help to
avoid tax claims and prove law-abiding in court, and additional actions need to be
taken to check counterparties.
Of course, courts are not ready to apply this approach to all state information
systems. There are several thousand such IS in the Russian Federation. The largest of
them are: Unified portal of state services, Personal account of the taxpayer, SIS of
housing and communal services, etc. They are designed to inform users of their rights
and responsibilities. But the lack of information about the penalty for violation of traffic
rules in the personal account on the Unified portal of state services is currently not the
basis for the citizen not to pay such a fine. And this situation is linked with a more
general problem of the reliability of lack of information on official websites and
information systems.
the “internal kitchen” of the public authority that affects the quality of information in
the IS.
Of course, this problem is not unique to the Russian Federation. In the United
States, government agencies are more independent in making decisions about their own
information programs and the information systems they have created. In particular, they
independently established a policy of using information systems. For example, the
PACER (Public Access to Electronic Records) information system is used as the main
service of electronic justice in the United States. It was created on the initiative of the
Judicial Conference (the national decision-making body for the US federal courts) [27].
All federal courts support the PACER database with respect to information on cases in
its jurisdiction. Karl Malamud notes that developers of the system abuse the monopoly
position and the price policy makes the system accessible only to wealthy people, and
the fee is not collected for the result (obtaining the necessary document), but for a
search query (which may not give the desired result). In addition, there is no liability
for placing information in the system, which leads to the possibility of manipulating
electronic documents. There was a precedent for removing more than 1,000 documents
from PACER, and their restoration, even after numerous appeals and complaints from
the Congress, depended solely on the goodwill of the court staff [28].
intended to inform citizens and other persons about their rights, duties, etc.; (b) the
reliability of the information is important for the sustainability of legal relationships
related to the use of it; (c) state bodies and other persons providing the formation
and maintenance of an information system have the ability to control the quality of
the information. As an example, the Russian Federal Information System of State
Final Certification can be cited. This system contains information about the results
of the state final certification. The universities use it to check the information
provided by the applicants [14]. Obviously, the situation in which information in
the system is unreliable will lead to a violation of the constitutional right of the
applicant for education, in connection with which special guarantees are needed.
We believe that the information in such SIS should be official information. It may
differ from reality (through the fault of the information provider or the operator, due
to an error in the software, etc.), but harm reduction guarantees should be provided
for its users. The law should establish the duty of the authorized bodies and the GIS
operator to take measures to ensure the reliability of information, measures of
responsibility for violation of this obligation. Only timely updating of the database
(in the sphere of state and municipal management) and maintaining it up-to-date can
ensure the confidential nature of the information contained in it and the possibility
of unconditional use by the subjects of law as the initial grounds for committing
legally significant actions.
3. There are information systems that are public, but at the same time objectively can
not meet strict quality criteria for the information contained in them (for example,
the above-mentioned all-Russian vacancy database). It seems obvious that such
systems should not be considered as a source of official information.
A HIVATÁSOS TÖRVÉNYHOZÓ.
TÖRVÉNYEK A DEMOKRÁCIÁBAN.