AIR TRANSPORT AGREEMENT

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BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMEN~ OF INDIA
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THE GOVERNMENT OF THE !RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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I The Government of India and the !Government of the Russian

Federation hereinafter referred to as th$ "Contracting
Parties"· '
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In consideration of the fact tJat India the Russian

Federation are Parties to ConvJntion on International Civil
Aviation opened for signature at/Chicago on th~ seventh day
I of December,1944;
Desiring to promote their mutual relations in the,field of
I civil aviation and to conclude a~ Agreement for the purpose
of establishing air services! between and beyond their
respective territories;
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Have agreed as follows:

I ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Agreement, unl!ess th~ context
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(a) the term "Aeronautical Authorities" shall

I mean, in the case of India, the Dir~ctor General of
ci vi 1 Aviation and in: the case of the Russian
Federation, the Federal Aviation Authority of Russia
I or in both cases, any pe~son or body authorised to
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perform the function pr,esently exercised by the said

authorities;
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(b) ''Convention'' Jeans the Convention on
International Civil Av{ation opened for signature at
I Chicago on the Seventh day of Dec4mber 1944 and
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includes any annex and amendment thereto adopted

under Article 90 of the 'convention to the extent that
such Annex and amendments thereto are[ appl.rcable to
I the Contracting Parti~s and any amendment of the

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convention adopted under Article 94 of the Convention
ratified by India and by the Russian Federation
respectively. I
(c) the term ''designated airlin~·· shall mean an
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airline which onelcontracting Party hqs designated in

writing to the other1 Contracting Party, and
authorised by the latter in accbrdance with Article 3
of this agreement; 1
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(d) the term "territory" in relation to a State

shall mean land a~eas, territorial sea. and internal
I waters and air spa:pe above them 1under the sovereignty
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I (e) the terms\ ''air service'', ''international air
.I service'', ''airline'' and ''stdp fot non-traffic
purposes" have the meanings respectively assigned to
I them in Article 961 of the Conven1tion.
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I ~RTICLE 2
GRANT OF RIGHTS
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i 1. Each Contracting I Party grants to the other
Contracting Party the *ights specified in the present
I Agreement for the purpose of establishing scheduled
I international air servic~s on the routes specified in the
Annex thereto. Such serv~ces and routes are hereinafter
I called "the agreed serv1ces" and "the specified routes"
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I 2. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the
I airline(s) designated by leach Contracdng Party shall enjoy
the following rights: I
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I (a) to fly w1thout land1ng across the territory of

the other contractihg party;
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(b) to make stopsI in the te~ritory of the other
contracting party f6r non-traffic1 purposes;
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I (c) while operating an agreed service on a specified

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route, the airlines designated1by each Contracting

I Party shall also enjoy the right to embark and
I disembark, in the territory of the other Contracting
Party at the point($) specified1for that route in
I the Annex to this Agreement, international traffic in
I passengers, cargo arid mail. ·
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I 3. Nothing in paragra~h (2) of this Article shall be
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deemed to confer on the a]rline of one Contracting Party the
privilege of taking on, ;in the territory of the other
I Contractin9 Party passengers, cargo and mail destined for
another po1nt in the territory of that other Contracting
Party. : ;
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!ARTICLE 3 '
DESIGN~TION OF AIRLINES
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1. Each Contracting: Party shall,' have the right to

0 designate in writing to the other Contracting Party one or
more airlines for the /purpose of operating the agreed
services on the specified1routes. :
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2. On receipt of such designation,; the other Contracting
Party shall, subject to the provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4
of this Article grant Ito the airline(s) ·designated the
appropriate operating authorization(s);
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3. The Aeronaut1cal1Author1t1es of one Contract1ng Party
may require an airline designated by the other Contracting
Party to satisfy them: that it is (!Ualified to fulfil the 1

conditions prescribed under the laws and regulations normally

applied to the operatic~ of international air services by
such authorities in conformity with the provisions of the
Convention. 1 ' I
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4. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to refuse
to grant the operating authorisations referred to in
paragraph (2) of this Article or to impose such conditions as
it may deem necessary ~n the exercise by the designated
airline of the righbs specified 1n Article 2, in any case
I where the said Contra'cting Party ~is not satisfied that
substantial ownership: and effective control of that airline
are vested in the cont~acting Party designating the airline
or in its nationals. ! I
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5. The airline so:designated and authorised may begin to

operate the agreed services at a,'ny time provided that the
provisions of this Art~cle and of A~ticles 11 and 13 have
been complied with. !
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I ARTICLE 4 I
I REVOCATION OR SUSPENSION OF OPERATING AUTHORISATION
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1. Each Contracting Part¥ rese~ves ~he ~ightrto itself
I to revoke or suspend the operat1ng a~thor1sat1on pr impose
I such appropriate conditions as it may deem necessar¥:
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I (a) in any case where itl is not sati'sfied that
I substantial ownership and effective controlJ of that
airline are vested in the Contracting Party 1

I designating the airline or in national~ of such

I Contracting Party; or
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I (b) in the case of failure ~y that airline to comply

I with the laws or regulations lof the Contra~ting Party
granting these rights; or 1
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I (c) in case the airline othetwise fails to'operate in
I accordance with the conditions prescribed 'under the
I present Agreement. I
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2. Unless immediate revocation, suspension orr imposition
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I of the conditions mentioned in para'Jraph 1 of this, Article is
I essential to prevent further 1hfringement of laws or
I regulations, such rights shall b6 exercised 'only after
I consultations with Aeronautical AUthorities of the bther
I Contracting Party. 1

I ARTICLE 5 I
I USER CHARGES
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The charges imposed in the territory of · one
Contracting Party for the use of airports and other aviation
facilities by the aircraft of the designated airline(s) of
the other Contracting Party shall not be higher than those
paid by the aircraft of an airline bf the first ' Contracting
Party engaged in similar internatiohal air services. ·
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ARTICLE 61
CUSTOMS CHARGES AND! PROCEDURES
1. Aircraft operated on the agreed services by the
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designated airline(s) of one Contra:cting Party, as well as

their regular equipment, supplies of fuel and lubricants,
aircraft stores (including food, bqverages and rtobacco) on
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board the aircraft shall be exempt from all customs duties,
fees and other similar charges on ar~iving in thel territory
of the other Contracting Party pro~ided such equipment and
supplies remain on board the aircraft! up to such t~me as they
are re-exported.
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2. There shall also be exempt frbm the same duties, fees

and charge~ with the exception of charges corresp onding to 1

the serv1ces performed includin? storage an d CUStom

clearance: 1

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(a) aircraft stores taken on board in the territory 1

of one Contracting Party, within limits fixed by'the

authorities of the said Contrdcting Party, and •for 1

use on board the aircraft\ operated on the agreed

services by the designated ai~line(s) of the other
Contracting Party; 1 1

(b) spare parts introduced into the territory of one

Contracting Party for the main:.tenance or :J1"epair . of
I aircraft engaged in operation on agreed services by
I the designated airline(s) of ~he other cdntracting
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I (c) fuels and lubricants intehded for use in the
I operation of the agreed servlices by aircra ft of the 1

I designated airline(s) of one c9ntracting Party, even

when these supplies are to be used on the part of the
I route performed within the !territory of the other
Contracting Party in which they are taken on board;
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3. Regular airborne equipment, as well as the materials,
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supplies and spare parts retained 1on board the aircraft

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\operated by a designated airline(s) of one Contracting Party,

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~ay be unloaded in the territory of the other Cotitracting
Party only with the approval of Custdms Authorities of that
fontracting Party. 1 1
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p. Materials referred to in parag~aph 2 and 3 a~ove may

be required by the custom authorities to be kept under their
supervision control or supervision. 1
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$. Neither Contracting Party sha~l be obliged ~o grant
i:o the designated airline(s) of the other Contracting Party
Ebxemption or remission of customs duj:.y, inspection, fees or
~imilar charges unless such other Contracting Party grants
exemption or remission of such chatges to the debignated
~irline(s) of the first Contracting Party.
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6. Passengers, baggage and I cargo in direct transit
across the territory of one Contracting Party and not leaving
the area of one airport reserved for such purpqse shall only
be subject to a simplified control~ Baggage and ca~go in
direct transit shall be exempt frbm customs dubies and other
similar taxes. 1

ARTICLE 7
REPRESENTATION
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1. The designated airline(s~ of one Contracting Party
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shall be allowed on the basis of reciprocity, to maint~in in
the territory of the other! Contracting 1Party their
representatives and commercial, operational and technical
staff as required in connectiorl with the opetation -of the
agreed services. However, number df citizens of the State of
one Contracting Party to be sta~ioned by it~ designated
airlines in the territory of other ~ontracting P~rty shall be
I agreed between the Aeronautic•al Authorities of· both
Contracting Parties. I
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I 2. These staff requirements rna~, at the op~ion of the
designated airline, be satisfied by its own pe~sonnel or by
I using the services of another organisation, company or
airline operating in the territor~ of the othe~ Contracting
I Party, and authorised to perfor~ such services in the
territory of that Contracting Party. 1
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I 3. The representatives and staff shall be subject to the
laws and regulations in force of th~ other Contracting Party,
I and consistent with such laws and regulations, each
I Contracting Party shall, on the basis of reciprocity and with
the minimum of delay, grant the \necessary work pe~mits,
I employment visas or other s1milar documents to the
representatives and staff referred ~o in paragr~ph (~) of
I this Article. i
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4. Based on the principl~ of reciprocity, each
I Contracting Party grants to the desi~nated airline(s) of the
other Contracting Party the right to engage in the sale of 1

I air transportation in its territory( directly and, at its

I discretion, through its agents. , Each design~ted aitline
shall have the right to sell such !transportation and. any
I person shall be free to purchase such transportation in local
currency and/or in any freely convertible currenc~.
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I ARTICLE 8 I
I APPLICABILITY OF NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS
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The laws and regulations of one Contracting Pp.rty
governing entry into and departure from its territory of
aircraft engaged in international air navigation or operation
and .'navigation of such aircraft while within its terrftory
shall apply to aircraft of the designated airline(s) of the
othe~ Contracting Party. !
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2. I The laws and regulations of one Party ~ontracting

governing entry into, stay in and departure from its
• terr~tory of passengers, crew, cargo and m~il such as ihose
regarding passports, customs, currency' and health and
guar~ntine shall ar;>ply to passengers l crew •I <;:ar9o and Imail
carriJ.ed by the aJ.rcraft of the desJ.gnated aJ.rlJ.ne (s) of the
othe1r Contracting Party while they are within the I said 1

ter~itory.
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ARTICLE 9 I
I CAPACITY PROVISION I ' .

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1. I The designated airlines of the C0ntracting Parties '
shall have fair and equal opportunity toloperate the agreed
ser~ices on the specified routes between! their respeptive 1

·territories.
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·2. In operating the agreed services, the designated
airiine(s) of one Contracting Party shall take into acpount
,the! interests of the designated airlihe(s) of the other
Contracting Party so as not to affect unduly the services ,
,whi<bh the latter provides on whole or ahy part of th~ same
'route· ; 1
3. 1 Prior to the commencement of the agreed services, the ,
capacity to be provided and the frequency bf services to be
operated shall be agreed between the Aeron~utical Authorities
of the two Contracting Parties in acrcordance witli the '
'pri~ciples laid down in paragraph ( 1) · and (2) of this
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4. I Any increase in the capacity to be provided andjor 1

' frequency of services to be operated iby the designated

ai~line{s) of either Contracting Party shall be 1based ·
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priJmarily on the estimated requirements df traffic between

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the territories of the Contrabting Parties and shall be
subject to agreement bet weep the two 1 Aeronautical
Authorities. Pending such agr~ement or settlement, the
capacity and frequency entitlements already iri force shall
prevail.
ARTICLElO
COMMERCIAL ASPECTS
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1. The com~ercial aspects jof the agree~ air s~rvices

shall be the subJect of' an agreement between the desJ.gnated
airlines of the two Contracting Parties which shall where
• necessary, be submitted for app~oval of the[ Aeronautical
Authorities of the Contracting Parties. '
2. Such a commercial agreJment shall co~er
inter alia
the matters relating to commercia~ cooperation including but
not limited to pooling of ~evenues earn~d and other
financial, accounting and traffic :handling arrangements and
also arrangements for the sal~ of space ory aircraft and
carriage of traffic to and from third countries between and
beyond the territories of the two ~ontracting P~rties.
3. For the purpose of pro~\ iding the ground handling
services for their aircraft, the . desi9nated ~irline{s) of
each Contracting Party will enjoy the rJ.ght to have agents in
the territory of the other Contracting Part~ from amongst
such agents which are authorized under the ' local
laws/regulations to undertake such\ activity. ,

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ARTICLE
TARIFFS
1. For the purpose of the following paragraphs, the term
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tariff 11 means the prices to J:;>e paid for th\: carriage of
passengers and cargo and the conditions under which these
prices apply, including prices an4 conditions for agency and 1

other auxiliary services, but e~cluding remuneration and

conditions for the carriage of mai~. I ,
2. The tariffs to be c~arged by the designated
airline(s) of one Contracting Part~ for carriage'to or from
the territory of the other Co~tracting Party shall be
established at reasonable levels, ~ue regard being paid to
all relevant factors, including cos t of operation, reasonable
profit, and the tariffs of other airlines. 1
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3. The tariffs referred tor in paragrapb (2) of this
Article shall, if possible be/agreed between the designated
airlines of the two ContractingrParties and ;such agreement
shall, wherever possible, be reached using the procedures of
I the International Air TransportiAssociation. : ·
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I 4. The tariffs so agreed ~hall be submitted for the
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approval of the Aeronautical ~uthorities of :both Contracting
Parties at least ninety (90) d~ys before the proposed date of 1

their introduction. In specia~ cases, this; period may be

reduced, subject to the agreement of the said authorities.
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5. The above approval may be given , expressly. If
neither of the Aeronautical! Authorities I has expressed
disapproval . within thirty r(30) days fr!om the date of
submission, in accordance with paragraph (4)1 of this Article,
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those tariffs shall be consid~red as approved. In the event

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i of the period for submission being reduced, as provided for
i in paragraph (4), t~e Aeronau~ical Authorities may agree that
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I the period within which any rdisapproval ~ust be notified
I shall be less than thirty (30J days. ' •
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6. If a tariff cannotr be agreed dn accordance with
paragraph (3) of this Articli=, or if, during ·the period
applicable in accordance witfi paragraph (~) the Aeronautical
Authorities of one Contractin g Party give' the Aeronautical
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Authorities of the Othe~ Contracting,' Party notice of
I disapprqval of a tariff agreed in ac¢ordance with the
I provisions of paragraph (3)) the Aeronautical Authorities of
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I the two Contracting Parties shall endeavour to establish the
I tariff by mutual agreement. :
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I 7. If the Aeronautical Authorities cannot agree on any
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i tariff submitted to them und~r paragraph (4) of this Article,
I or on the establishment df any tariff under paragraph (6),
I the dispute shall be se~tled in acc6rdance with the
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I provisions of Article 18 ofithis Agreement. ·
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8. A tariff establishe~ in accordance with provisions of
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I this Article shall remain in force until a new tariff has

I been established. Nevertheless, a ta,'riff shall not ·be
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I prolonged by virtue of this paragraph ,for more than twelve
I (12) months after the date pn which it wduld otherwise have 1
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ARTICLE 12
I TRANSFER OF lEARNINGS I
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I 1. Each Contracting Party shall grant tolthe d~signated

airline(s) of the other Contr~cting Party the right to
transfer freely the excess of receipts over expenditure
I earned by the said designated airline(s) in connection with
the operation of the agreed services. I '
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2. Such transfers shall be effected on the basis of the
official exchange rate of curren~y payment or where there are
no official exchange rates, at the preva~ling , foreign
exchange market rates for curren~y payment.
ARTICLE 13
. PROVISION OF OPERATING INFORMATI.ON
The designated airline~s)
of each Party Co~tracting
shall communicate to the Aeronautical Authorities of the
other Contracting Party, as far in advance as practicable,
prior to the inauguration of thelagreed servic~s, the type of
service, the type of aircraft to be used, the flight
schedules, tariff schedules,! and all lather 'relevant
information concerning the operation of the agreed services
includin9 such information as may be required to satisfy the
Aeronaut1cal Authorities that I the requi~ements of this
agreement are being duly observed. The requi1rements of this
Article shall likewise apply to any changes concerning the
agreed services. I ) I

ARTICLE 14
PROVISION OF STATISTICS
The designated airlinel(s) of each cdntracting Party
shall furnish to the Aeronautical Authorities of the other
Contracting Party statistics re~ating to the 1traffic carried
during each month on the agreed services to and from the
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territory of that other Contracting Party, showing the 1

countries of origin and destination and the points of

embarkation and disembarkation pf passengers,! baggage, cargo
and mail. Such statistics shall' be furnished as soon as
possible after the end of each mpnth. i

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ARTICLE 15 ,
AVIATION SECURITYl
J. Consistent with their rights ahd obligations under
int~rnatic;mal. law, the Contracting Parties reaff[i:r;m that
thel.r obll.gat1.on to each other to prot~ct the secur1.ty of
9ivil aviation against acts of unlawful interference forms an
1.ntegral part of the present Agreement.l Without limiting the
?enerality of their rights and obligations under
nternational law, the Contracting Parties shall in
i articular act in conformity with he provisionb of the
,onventi?n on Offe~ces and Certain Othe+ Acts Committed on
Board A1.rcraft s1.gned at Tokyo on 14th September 1963, the
¢onvention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of
Aircraft, signed at the Hague on 16th December 1~70, the
cronvention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the
Safety of Civil Aviation, signed ~t Montreal bn 23rd
September 1971. I ,
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4. The Contracting Parties shall provide upon request
all necessary assistance to each otner to prevent acts of
unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and [other unlawful acts
against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and
drew, airports and air navigation facilities, and any other
threat to the security of civil aviation. ·
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3. The Contracting Parties shall ~ct in conformity with

the aviation security provisions.and te~hnical requirements,
established by the International CiviliAviation Organisation
and designated as Annexes to the Convention to thei extent
that such security provisions and requi~ements are applicabie
~o the Contracting Parties; they shall require that operators
df aircraft of their registry or ope~ators of aircraft who
Have their principal place of business ~r permanent residence
]n their territory act in conformity[ with such ~viation
security provisions. · I .
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4. Each contracting Party agrees that such operators of
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aircraft may be required to observe the aviation security
~revisions and requirements referred~ to in paragraph (3)
~bove required by the other Contracting Party for entry into
departure from or while within the territory of th~t other
dontracting Party. Each Contracting Party shall ensure that
~dequate measures are effectively , applied within its
t:Jerritory to protect the aircraft and td inspect passengers,
drew, carry-on items, baggage, cargd and aircraft stores
p![rior to and during boarding or loading.[ Each Contractin.g
Party shall also give sympathetic consideration [to any
r equest from the other Contracting Party for reasonable
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special security measures to meet a par~icular threat.

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5. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful
seizure of civil aircraft or other unlawful acts against the
safet¥ of such aircraft, their 'passengers and crew, airports
or· a1r navigation facilities occurs, the Contracting Parties
shall assist each other by facilitating communications and
other appropriate measures intended to terminate rapidly and
safely such incident or threat 'thereof
6. Each Contracting Party shall take measures as it may
find practicable, to ensure th~t an aircraft subjected to .an
act of unlawful seizure or other acts of unlawful
interference which has landed i,n its territory is detained on
the ground unless its departure is necessitated by the
overriding duty to protect human life. Wherever practicable,
such measures shall be taken on the basis of mutual
consultations.
7. Any departure from the provisions of this Article may
constitute grounds for application of Article 4 of this
Agreement.
ARTICLE 16
CONSUIITATION
From time to time t~ere shall be consultations
between the Aeronautical Authorities of the Contracting
Parties to ensure close collaboration in all matters
affecting the fulfillment of the present Agreement.
ARTICLE 17
MODIFICATION OF AGREEMENT
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If either of the Contracting Parties considers it
desirable to modify the provisions of this Agreement and
Annex thereto, it may request a consultation between the
Aeronautical Authorities of both Contracting Parties in
relation to the proposed modification. Such consultation
shall begin within a period of' sixty (60) days from the date
of the request unless the Aeronautical Authorities of the
Contracting Parties agree uppn the prolongation of that
period. Any modification so ag~eed shall come into effect
when confirmed by an exchange of notes through diplomatic
channels. The modifications of Annex may be made by an
agreement between the Aero)'lautical Authorities of the
Contracting Parties.
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ARTICLE 18
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
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If any dispute arises rjelating to the interpretation

! or application of this Agreement, th~ Aeronautical
I Authorities of the Contractir}g Parties shall endeavor to
I settle it by negotiations between themselves, ' failing which
I the dispute shall be referred ~o the Contracting Parties for
I settlement. I
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I ARTICLE 19
I ANNEX
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I The Annex attached to this Agreement 'shall be deemed
I to be a part of the Agreement and all references to the
Agreement shall include referen'ce to the Annex, except where
otherwise expressly provided. I 1

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ARTICLE 20 I

I REGISTRATION 1

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I The present Agreement and any subsequent amendments
I thereto shall be registered with the International Civil
I Aviation Organisation. i

I ARTibLE 21
I TERMI~ATION
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I Either Contracting Par/ty may at any 'time give written
I notice to the other Contracting Party 'of its desire to I

I terminate this Agreement. Such notice

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shall be
I simultaneously communicated 1 to the International Civil
If 1such notice is given,
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I Aviation Organisation. this
Agreement shall terminate twelve months after the date of
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I receipt of the notice by the other Contracting Party, unless
I the notice to terminate is withdrawn by agteement before the
I expiry of this period. In the absence of acknowledgment of
receipt by the other Contracting Party', notice shall be
deemed to have been received fourteen days after the receipt
I of the notice by the International civil Aviation
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I organisation. 1 ' ,
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ARTICLE 22 1
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ENTRY INTO FORCE
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Th1s agreement shall enter 1nto force on the date, of
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the last written notification through diplomatilc channels
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I internal procedures necessary for i the entry into force of
I this Agreement. 1

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I From the date of entry into :frorce of this !Agreement,

I the Agreement between the Government of India and the
I Government of the Union of Sovi~t Socialist Republics 1

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I relating to Air Services (with Annexes) signed in New Delhi
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' I on 2nd June, 1958 shall stand terminated as between the
I Contracting Parties. 1
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DONE at New ~ this2Uttlay of ~ J~qg in
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I two originals each 1n H1nd1, Russ1anr and Eng~guages,
all texts being ~q ally authentic. lin case of any divergence
of interpretation he nglish text 1shall be used• ,
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FO~E GOVERNMENT OF FOR~THE GOVERNMEN~ OF THE

INDIA !RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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I ANNEX I
T0 THE AIR TRANSPORT ~GREEMENT
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THE GOVERNMENT OF lNDIA

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THE GO VERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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I airline(s)
1. Routes which shall be opeJated by the ~esignqted
of Ind ia in both direction~:
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I Points in
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I ntermediate Points in the Poipts
India p oints Russian beyond
I Federation 1

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Any points t o be agreed Mosco~, Points in
I in India St.Peltersburg, Euriope.
I I a thiird point
to be[ agreed
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I Routes wh ich shall be opera'ted by the designated

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2.
I airline(s) of the Russian Federation lin both directions:
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Points in the I
I Russian p oints India beyond
I Federation
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I Any points in t o be agreed Delhi,Calcutta, Points'in
the
I FederationRussian a third point Asia.
to be agreed I

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I Notes:
I (a) The rig ht of the designated airl1ne of' one
Contracting Party to transport passengers, cargo and mail
I between points in the territory of the other !Contracting
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and points in the territory of third country shall be

I Party subject to agree ment between the Ae~onautical Authorities of
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I the Contracting Part1es. I

(b) Intermedi ate points
I paragraphs (1) & (2) above may be /omittedand points beyond referred t.o in
I by the designated
I I airline (s) at its discretion. 1
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I {c) Intermediate andjor beyond pod.nts other than those
I specified in its Route Schedule ~ay be served by the
I airline{s) of either Contracting Party but without 'exercising
I traffic rights between such points alnd the points in the
I territory of the other Contracting Party. '
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I {d) The designated airlines of the Russian'Federation
I shall be entitled to operate to Delhi and Calcutta on the
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same flight subject to no traffic rights being exercised
between Delhi and Calcutta. Reciprocally the , designated
airlines of India shall be entitled;to operate to, Moscow and
st.Petersburg on the same flight subjject to no traffic rights
being exercised between Moscow and s~. Petersburg.
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I {e) Not more than one airline of1 each Contracting Party
I can be designated for scheduled 'Services between any city
I pair on its route schedule. I
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I {f) Flights along Transsiberian) Transpolar and Transeast
I Routes in the Russian airspace can ~e carried out based on
I respective a9reements between the Aeronautical Authorities of
I the Contract1ng Parties only. : '
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{g) Any types of co-operative m~rketing arran,gements. such
as ~oint operation and code-sharing operatiqns with the
I airl1nes of third countries are sub~ect to special agreement
between the Aeronautical Authoritie1s of both countries.
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{h) While considering matters rrelated to charter flights
of non-designated airlines on a<jreed routes rbetween the
Contracting Parties operated byltheir designated airlines,
the Contracting Parties shall take into account the interest
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of the designated airlines so aslnot to affect'unduly their

I opportunity to offer services on tfue above mentioned routes.
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