Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Full Chapter Embracing Today S Economic and Technological Reality What It Means For Design Professionals 3Rd Edition DR Yasemin Ince Guney Faculty of Architecture PDF
Full Chapter Embracing Today S Economic and Technological Reality What It Means For Design Professionals 3Rd Edition DR Yasemin Ince Guney Faculty of Architecture PDF
https://textbookfull.com/product/present-centered-group-therapy-
for-ptsd-embracing-today-1st-edition-wattenberg/
https://textbookfull.com/product/colour-for-architecture-today-
mikellides/
https://textbookfull.com/product/exploring-design-principles-of-
bioclimatic-architecture-and-double-skin-facades-as-a-convincing-
tool-for-energy-saving-3rd-edition-dr-sertac-ilter/
https://textbookfull.com/product/super-you-how-technology-is-
revolutionizing-what-it-means-to-be-human-andy-walker/
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-american-revolution-
of-1800-how-jefferson-rescued-democracy-from-tyranny-and-faction-
and-what-this-means-today-1st-edition-dan-sisson/
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-zombie-gospel-the-walking-
dead-and-what-it-means-to-be-human-danielle-j-strickland/
A R T I C L E I N F O: ABSTRACT
Article history: History has shown that technological advancements alter the way we produce,
Received 15 July 2018 exchange, protect, consume and save all kinds of goods. The First Industrial
Accepted 23 September 2018
Available online 13 October Revolution, for example, has been named as such since it indeed revolutionized
2018 everything related to daily living including art, culture, economy and politics.
History has also showed that most cultural actors are reluctant to embrace
Keywords: advanced technology at first as they might see it as taking away something at
Advanced
the core of humanity. Arts and Crafts movement for example, grew out of a
Technologies; Industry
4.0; Design Profession, concern for the effects of industrialization on design, on traditional skills and
Design Education. on the lives of ordinary people. Today, economists, scientists and policy makers
in developing countries are talking about the coming of the fourth industrial
revolution and the Second Machine Age, that not only will redefine the way
humans live their daily life but also the very definition of human beings. The
aim of this study is to discuss the effects of these changes on theoretical and
practical issues related to design professionals and education, including
advanced technologies available and social and cultural implications of their
This work is licensed under a use. The paper will argue that today’s economic and technological reality will
Creative Commons Attribution -
NonCommercial - NoDerivs 4.0. alter the design profession from its education to its implementation.
"CC-BY-NC-ND"
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018), 2(3), 107-111.
https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2018.4725
www.ijcua.com
Copyright © 2018 Journal Of Contemporary Urban Affairs. All rights reserved.
away something at the core of humanity. Arts and technologies but also acceptance of them
and Crafts movement for example, grew out of by architects first and also by the society leading
a concern for the effects of industrialization on the way to consider technology as the “cultural
design, on traditional skills and on the lives of manifestation of modern man.”
ordinary people. However, their idea of art for One of the earliest examples of steel columns,
the people could not be accomplished for example, is in a public library in Paris,
because their exquisitely made and decorated Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (1843-1850).
pieces could only be afforded by the very Designed by Henri Labrouste, the building
wealthy. (Figure 1) is a representative of how
Today’s technological advancements offer inexperienced and noncreative architects’ of
new perspectives and opportunities that the period were. They were hesitant and non-
already started to affect all areas from imaginative in using new materials such as these
archeology to medicine, from construction to slender cast-iron columns shaped as sort of
heritage. More importantly, the Industry 4.0 Corinthian columns having set on stone
signals the end of capitalism as economist pedestals. From the outside the library just
Jeremy Rifkin (2016) suggests, while a new looked like traditional stone and brick buildings
economic paradigm is emerging which he calls without ever indicating the use of iron columns
collaborative commons which will transform our and beams inside.
way of life. The aim of this study is to discuss the
effects of these changes on theoretical and
practical issues related to design professionals
and education, including advanced
technologies available and social and cultural
implications of their use. The paper will argue
that today’s economic and technological
reality will alter the design profession from its Figure 1: Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève (1843-1850).
education to its implementation.
The architects’ preoccupation with style and
2. Literature Review lack of interest with the technological
2.1. First Industrial Revolution and Architecture developments are reflected most clearly in the
At the time when James Watt invented steam story of the world’s first temporary exhibition
engine in 1765, architects were almost unaware building, the Crystal Palace in London. The
of its implications for architecture. Architects building’s story starts when the world’s first
were more interested with finding the developed colonial power Britain wants in 1850
appropriate ‘style’ for emerging functions such to organize the world’s first expo to showcase
as banks, libraries, hotels, museums, opera the latest technologies and innovations from
houses, train stations etc. due to social changes around the world titled ‘The Great Exhibition of
taking place. In this period known as Neo- the Works of Industry of All Nations.’ In January
Classism, architects’ discussions were focused 1850 they announce a competition and form a
on finding ‘the style’ that would fit better into committee to select the winning design. The
these new functions based on the ideals of their structure had to be as economical as possible
newly established nation states. Italian and be built before the exhibition was
architects were considering Roman scheduled to open on May 1st, 1851. Within 3
architecture more appropriate to them, for weeks the committee receives 245 entries, all of
example, while Gothic was declared as the which are rejected. None of the designs would
most British. America, on the other hand, satisfy the requirements until a gardener Joseph
decided Greek architecture more appropriate Paxton, who happened to be in London and
for their newly established democracy, while heard about the difficulties, visits Hyde Park and
Baroque was found more appropriate for Paris quickly doodles his famous concept drawing of
Opera House by French architects as a place of the Crystal Palace for the committee (Figure 2).
human emotion and drama.
Technology, however, was already on its way to
produce new materials and techniques that
would alter architecture drastically. It would
take some time for architects to accept and use
these new technologies and materials available
as representatives of the new age. It required
not only the availability of these new materials
in Hamburg, Germany, and the Second also offer the possibility of living off-the-grid
Machine Age that not only will redefine the way providing an opportunity to live in nature away
humans live their daily life but also the very from civilization but having the traditional
definition of human beings. Internet and the house’s comfortable conditions.
new renewable energies were the keys for the One of the world’s largest architectural firms,
Third Industrial Revolution (TIR) that was initiated Foster and Partners and a UK based 3D printing
after the 1970s. Another major development in company called Monolite have teamed up with
TIR is the 3D-printing. This new technology the European Space Agency to explore the
changed the manufacturing process from possibility of using 3D printing to construct a
‘subtractive manufacturing’ into ‘additive’ one permanent base on the moon. The buildings
that will cut down the materials used to produce would be printed using lunar soil as the
goods as well as energy used during the feedstock. The goal is to construct lunar habitats
process. with locally sustainable materials found on the
The development of new materials and moon in order to avoid the logistic cost of
technologies are at an unprecedented speed shipping in materials from Earth.
in contemporary period. Though there are some The developments of Industry 4.0 are way on its
architects playing with the possibilities of way and it will alter many professions and
emerging third industrial revolution much focus similarly the way we live including the way we
is needed within architectural discourse on the produce goods and the way we use them.
possible effects and interplays between Digital technologies available are also
architecture and the emerging new era with its increasingly getting faster and more developed
new economic social and political agenda. each day: Limits of image resizing and
There are new avant-garde projects already processing are increasing, new ways for image
experimenting with the application of the 3D storage and retrieval lead to new image
printing technology. One of such as project is databases and faster access to images, many
Amsterdam’s 3D-printed steel pedestrian bridge documents are digitized for public access
that spans one of the city’s old canals (Figure 4). including rare books and manuscripts, digital
The innovative Dutch construction company access to many photographic collections are
Heijman’s Innovation Manager Jurre van der made available each day.
Ven suggests that we need to start looking at
design in a completely different manner since in 3. Discussion and Conclusion
3D printing design and construction operate As discussed above, we have already entered
hand-in-hand. Multi-axis industrial robots will what has been called ‘The Second Machine
construct the pedestrian bridge using cost Age.’ The Industry 4.0 signals the end of
effective and scalable technologies creating capitalism as economist Rifkin (2016) suggests,
an automatic construction site. while a new economic paradigm is emerging
which he calls collaborative commons that will
transform our way of life. Today we have more
powerful computers, cheaper mass storage,
higher band-with for internal and global
networks, and more importantly soft-wares and
file formats are becoming standardized thus
enabling sharing.
The different historical layers of the city could be
made available as cultural restitutions through
Figure 4: Amsterdam’s new 3D-printed steel bridge. digital surrogates. VU City project developed by
Gordon Ingram and James Hotown Associates
A new Ukrainian homebuilding startup might be a good example for understanding
company called PassivDom uses 3D printing these surrogates. They already digitally scanned
robot that prints 20cm-thick walls, roof and floor and produced the city of London as a case for
of 380 square foot house in about 8 hours. The smart city data, i.e. large data readily available
materials used include carbon fibers, for live use. It is a case where city modelling is at
polyurethane, resins, basalt fibers and fiberglass. a new level; you can see timeline of buildings in
The windows, doors, plumbing and electrical London as you desire for example
systems are for now added later on by a human We need to evaluate theoretical and practical
worker. PassivDom’s houses are now available implications for many disciplines including art,
for preorder online in Ukraine and US. Their architecture and heritage as well as education
designer Maria Sorokina adds that the homes in all disciplines. Today, digital technologies such
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside
the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to
the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying,
displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works
based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The
Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright
status of any work in any country other than the United States.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if
you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project
Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other format used in the official version posted on the official
Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at
no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a
means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project
Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
1.F.
Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.