IOQM – 2023-24

NOTE :
1. denotes the set of all natural numbers, 1,2,3,…
2. For a positive real number x, x denotes the positive square root of x. For example, 4 = +2 .
3. Unless otherwise specified, all numbers are written in base 10.
1. Let n be a positive integer such that 1  n  1000 . Let Mn be the number of integers in the set
X n =  4n + 1, 4n + 2, ....., 4n + 1000 . Let a = max{Mn : 1  n  1000} and b = min{Mn : 1  n  1000} . Find
a – b.
Answer (22)
Sol. The spacing of square is less when n is greatest and spacing of square is more when n is less then
a = M1 and b = M1000
 a = 29 and b = 7
 a – b = 29 – 7 = 22
2. Find the number of elements in the set {(a, b)  N : 2  a, b  2023, loga (b) + 6logb (a) = 5} .
Answer (54)
Sol. loga b = t

6
t+ =5
t
 t 2 − 5t + 6 = 0  t = 2 or 3
loga b = 2 or 3  b = a or a3
2

a2  2023 and a3  2023

 a  44.97 and a  12.64
 a  {2, ….. 44} and a  {2, ….. 12}
 (44 – 2 + 1) + (12 – 2 + 1)
 43 + 11 = 54
16  7
3. Let  and  be positive integers such that   . Find the smallest possible value of .
37  16
Answer (23)
16  7
Sol.  
37  16
37  16
  
16  7
37 16
  
16 7

-2-
 IOQM – 2023-24

2 5  2 5   32 35 
    − 2   ,  − 2  I and lie between  ,    , 
7 16  7 16   112 112 

 ( − 2)  (0.28, 0.31)

If  = 10  (2.8, 3.1)
  − 2 = 3

  = 23

4. Let x, y be positive integers such that x 4 = ( x − 1)(y 3 − 23) − 1 . Find the maximum possible value of x + y.

Answer (07)

Sol. 4n + r = k  I
 4n + r = k 2

( x 4 + 1)
= y 3 − 23 , x, y  I
( x − 1)

Since, x  1  x2
y 3 − 23  I

x4 + 1
 I
x −1
Let, x – 1 = p
(1 + p )4 + 1

p

(a4 p 4 + a3 p3 + .....a1p + 2)

p

2
  p divides 2
p

 p = {–2, –1, 1, 2}
 x  {–1, 0, 2, 3}
but x  2  x = 2 or 3
If x = 2 24 = 1 × (y3 – 23) – 1
 (17 + 23) = y3
 y I

If x = 3 (34 + 1) = 2(y3 – 23) = y = 4

 x+y=7

-3-
 IOQM – 2023-24

5. In a triangle ABC, let E be the midpoint of AC and F be the midpoint of AB. The medians BE and CF intersect at
G. Let Y and Z be the midpoints of BE and CF respectively. If the area of triangle ABC is 480, find the area of
triangle CYZ.

Answer (10)

Sol.

Let BE = 6x

CF = 6y
2
area (GYZ )  1 
= 
area (GBC )  4 

Area(GBC) = 16(area of GYZ)

1 480
area of GBC = of area(ABC) = = 160
3 3

area of GYZ = 10

6. Let X be the set of all even positive integers n such that the measure of the angle of some regular polygon is n
degrees. Find the number of elements in X.

Answer (16)

Sol. Let number of sides of polygon be P.

( P – 2) .180
 = n
P

then P(180 – n) = 360

360
 P=
180 – n

180
But n = 2k then P =
90 – k

Hence possible values of (90 – k) are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 30, 36, 45 and 60

 16 such polygons are possible.

-4-
 IOQM – 2023-24

7. Unconventional dice are to be designed such that the six faces are marked with numbers from 1 to 6 with 1 and
2 appearing on opposite faces. Further, each face is colored either red or yellow with opposite faces always of
the same color. Two dice are considered to have the same design if one of them can be rotated to obtain a dice
that has the same numbers and colors on the corresponding faces as the other one. Find the number of distinct
dice that can be designed

Answer (24)

Sol. Fix 1 and 2 anywhere in 1 way

Fix 3 anywhere in 1 way

1 2

3!
Now remaining 3 faces can be filled in ways and coloring them in 2 × 2 × 2 ways
2

3!
 Total distinct dice = × 8 = 24 ways
2

8. Given a 2 × 2 tile and seven dominoes (2 × 1 tile), find the number of ways of tiling (that is, cover without leaving
gaps and without overlapping of any two tiles) a 2 × 7 rectangle using some of these tiles.

Answer (85)

Sol.

an = 2an – 2 + an – 1

a1 = 1, a2 = 3

a3 = 2a1 + a2 = 2(1) + 3 = 5

a4 = 2a2 + a3 = 2(3) + 5 = 11

a5 = 2a3 + a4 = 2(5) + 11 = 21

a6 = 2(11) + 21 = 43

a7 = 2(21) + 43 = 42 + 43 = 85

-5-
 IOQM – 2022-23

11. Let AB be a diameter of a circle  and let C be a point on , different from A and B. The perpendicular from C
intersects AB at D and  at E( C). The circle with centre at C and radius CD intersects  at P and Q. If the
perimeter of the triangle PEQ is 24, find the length of the side PQ.

Answer (08)

12. Given ABC with B = 60° and C = 30°, let P, Q, R be points on sides BA, AC, CB respectively such that
2  ABC 
BPQR is an isosceles trapezium with PQ||BR and BP = QR. Find the maximum possible value of
BPQR 
where [S] denotes the area of any polygon S.

Answer (Bonus)

13. Let ABC be a triangle let D be a point on the segment BC such that AD = BC. Suppose CAD = x°, ABC = y°
and ACB = z° and x, y, z are in an arithmetic progression in that order where the first term and the common
difference are positive integers. Find the largest possible value of ABC in degrees.

Answer (59)

14. Let x, y, z be complex numbers such that

x y z
  9
yz zx xy

x2 y2 z2
   64
yz zx xy

x3 y3 z3
   488
yz zx xy

x y z m
If    where m, n are positive integers with GCD (m, n) = 1, find m + n.
yz zx xy n

Answer (16)
15. Let x, y be real numbers such that xy = 1. Let T and t be the largest and the smallest values of the expression

x  y  – x – y  – 2 .
2

x  y   x – y  – 2
2

m
If T + t can be expressed in the form where m, n are nonzero integers with GCD (m, n) = 1, find the value of
n
m + n.

Answer (25)

16. Let a, b, c be reals satisfying

3ab + 2 = 6b, 3bc + 2 = 5c, 3ca + 2 = 4a.

r t
Let Q denote the set of all rational numbers. Given that the product abc can take two values  Q and Q ,
s u
in lowest form, find r + s + t + u.
Answer (18)

-3-
 IOQM – 2022-23

17. For a positive integer n > 1, let g(n) denote the largest positive proper divisor of n and f(n) = n – g(n). For example,
g(10) = 5, f(10) = 5 and g(13) = 1, f(13) = 12. Let N be the smallest positive integer such that f(f(f(N))) = 97. Find
the largest integer not exceeding N.
Answer (19)
18. Let m, n be natural numbers such that
m + 3n – 5 = 5LCM(m, n) – 11GCD(m, n).
Find the maximum possible value of m + n.
Answer (70)
19. Consider a string of n 1’s. We wish to place some + signs in between so that the sum is 1000. For instance, if
n = 190, one may put + signs so as to get 11 ninety times and 1 ten times, and get the sum 1000. If a is the
number of positive integers n for which it is possible to place + signs so as to get the sum 1000, then find the
sum of the digits of a.
Answer (09)
20. For an integer n  3 and a permutation  = (p1, p2, …, pn) of {1, 2, …, n}, we say p1 is a landmark point if
2  l  n – 1 and (pl –1 – pl)(pl + 1 – pl) > 0. For example, for n = 7, the permutation (2, 7, 6, 4, 5, 1, 3) has four
landmark points: p2 = 7, p4 = 4, p5 = 5 and p6 = 1. For a given n  3, let L(n) denote the number of permutation
of {1, 2, …, n} with exactly only landmark point. Find the maximum n  3 for which L(n) is a perfect square.
Answer (03)
21. An ant is at a vertex of a cube. Every 10 minutes it moves to an adjacent vertex along an edge. If N is the number
of one hour journeys that end at the starting vertex, find the sum of the squares of the digits of N.
Answer (74)
22. A binary sequence is a sequence in which each term is equal to 0 or 1. A binary sequence is called friendly if
each term is adjacent to at least one term that is equal to 1. For example, the sequence 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 is
friendly. Let Fn denote the number of friendly binary sequences with n terms. Find the smallest positive integer
n  2 such that Fn > 100.
Answer (11)
23. In a triangle ABC, the median AD divides BAC in the ratio 1 : 2. Extend AD to E such that EB is perpendicular
AB. Given that BE = 3, BA = 4, find the integer nearest to BC2.

Answer (29)

24. Let N be the number of ways of distributing 52 identical balls into 4 distinguishable boxes such that no box
is empty and the difference between the number of balls in any two of the boxes is not a multiple of 6.
If N = 100a + b, where a, b are positive integers less than 100, find a + b.
Answer (81)



-4-
⇒ 4t = 5(n − 1)d
1 n
⇒ ( )[2t − (n − 1)d] = 1
45n 2
1 4t
⇒ [2t − ] = 1
90 5

⇒ t = 75 hours

IOQM 2021 - Problem 21

A total fixed amount of N thousand rupees is given to three
persons A. B. C every year, each being given an amount
proportional to her age. In the first year, A got half the total
amount. When the sixth payment was made. A got six-seventh of
the amount that she had in the first year; B got Rs. 1000 less than
that she had in the first year; and C got twice of that she had in
the first year. Find N .
Answer:
Solution:

For A

Age at beginning = a

Money at first year= N

Age at 6th payment = a + 5

Money recieved =
6 N 3 N
( ) =
7 2 7

IOQM 2021 - Problem 22

In triangle ABC , let P and R be the feet of the perpendiculars
from A onto the external and internal bisectors of ∠ABC ,
respectively; and let Q and S be the feet of the perpendiculars
from A onto the internal and external bisectors of ∠ACB
Menu Trial Success Whatsapp Math Olympiad Program
respectively. If P Q = 7 QR = 6 , and RS = 8 , what is the area of
triangle ABC?
Answer: 64
Solution :

Let us start by drawing a picture.

P QRS is a collinear
ARBP is a rectangle

⇒ ∠P RB = ∠P AB =
B

2
=∠RBC
⇒ P R||BC

similarity by similarly on ASCQ ⇒ RS||BC

Let, BR and QC meet at I ⇒ I is center.

QARI is cyclic ∠QRI = ∠QAI

=∠QAC − ∠I AC = 90 ∘ −
C

2
−
A

2
−
B

= ∠RI B

QR||BC

P , Q, R, S is collinear

ARBP is a rectangle

⇒ AB = P R = 13 AM = M B , (M is midpoint of AB)

Menu
AQCS
Trial
is a rectangle
Success Whatsapp Math Olympiad Program
⇒ AC = QS = 14

AN = N C (N is a midpoint of AC )

By midpoint theorem,

1
MN = BC
2

P M + M R = P Q + QR = 13

⇒ P M = M R = 65

Similarly QN = NS = 7

M N = M R + QN − QR = 7.5

⇒ BC = 15 , AB ,
= 13 AC = 14

Area of △ABC = 64

IOQM 2021 - Problem 23

The incircle Γ of a scalene triangle ABC touches BC at ,
D CA at
E and AB at F . Let rA be the radius of the circle inside ABC
which is tangent to Γ and the sides AB and AC . Define r B and r C
similarly. If r A =16, r B =25 and r C =36, determine the radius of Γ.
Answer: 74
Solution:

Using the formula

r = √r a ⋅ r b + √r b ⋅ r c + √r c ⋅ r a

=√16 ⋅ 25 + √25 ⋅ 36 + √36 ⋅ 16

=20 + 30 + 24 = 74

IOQM 2021 - Problem 24

Menu Trial Success Whatsapp Math Olympiad Program
A light source at the point (0, 16) in the coordinate plane casts
light in all directions. A disc (a circle along with its interior) of
radius 2 with center at (6,10) casts a shadow on the X axis. The
length of the shadow can be written in the form m√ n where m, n
are positive integers and n is square-free. Find m + n.
Answer: 4
Soulition:

MPB has slope -1

∘
⇒ M BO = 45

∠AM B = ∠BM C = α

∘
⇒ ∠M AO = 45 + α

∘
⇒ ∠M CO = 45 − α

AC = OC − OA

M O = 16

PM = 6√ 2

OA = tan(45)
16
∘
+α)

= tan(45)
16
OQ ∘
−α)

Menu Trial Success Whatsapp Math Olympiad Program

AC = OC − OA = 16 × 4 tan α
2
AC OC OA 16 × 4 2
1−tan α

1
△M P X tan α =
√7

PX= 2, MP =6√2

AC = 4√17

m+n = 4

IOQM 2021 - Problem 25

For a positive integer n, let (n) denote the perfect square integer
closest to n. For example, ⟨74⟩ = 81, (18) = 16 If N is the
smallest positive integer such that
(91) ⋅ (120) ⋅ ⟨143⟩ ⋅ ⟨180⟩ ⋅ ⟨N ⟩ =91 ⋅ 120 ⋅ 143 ⋅ 180 ⋅ N . Find the
sum of the squares of the digits of N .
Answer: 56

Solution:

100 ⋅ 121 ⋅ 144 ⋅ 169(N ) = 91 × ⋅(120) ⋅ ⟨143⟩ ⋅ ⟨180⟩ ⋅ ⟨N ⟩=

91 ⋅ 120 ⋅ 143 ⋅ 180 ⋅ N .

81 ⋅ 121 ⋅ 144 ⋅ 169 ⋅ ⟨N⟩ =91 ⋅ 120 ⋅ 143 ⋅ 180 ⋅ N

=
91⋅120⋅143⋅180⋅N
⇒ ⟨N⟩
100⋅121⋅144⋅169

= 22
21
⇒ ⟨N⟩ N

Now to make ⟨N⟩ to be a perfect square, we can take smallest N

to be 2 ⋅ 11 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 7=162
⟨N ⟩ = 21
22
N=
3⋅7⋅2⋅11⋅3⋅7

2⋅11
=(21) 2 =441
Which is the nearest perfect square to 462.

Sum of square of digits of 462 is 4 2 + 6

2
+ 2
2

Menu Trial Success Whatsapp Math Olympiad Program

= 16 + 36 + 4 = 56