Example2 Two Equal Spans Option2 Final

Example 2 – Option 2:
Bent columns on capped piles
Abutment
Bent cap
Pile cap
Abutment Piles: 14"Ø concrete-filled steel pipe
Details on following slides
10/19/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option2-Final.ppt 1
railing
8" slab deck
6.25' BT-63 girder

4" 8.25'
4.0' Top of column at mid-

height of bent cap
32.25' 24.0' 30.25'

20.0'
47.0'
Ground level
4.0' Top of piles at mid-
height of pile cap
14.75' 12.75'
Assumed point of pile fixity

(idealized cantilever pile)
Extend the pile to the mid-
depth of the pile cap
14" concrete-filled
steel pipe
13.0'
Bent cap
2.0'
30" Ø 6.5'
4.5'
4.5'
5.0' 8.5'
2.0'
13.0' 2.0'
Pile cap: 13' x 13' x 4'
4.0'
12.75'
Assumed point of pile fixity
Z X = 80.0'
Pinned bearing
X
Z=0
Z = -6.083' Z = -6.083'
Z = -6.25' Roller bearing Z = -6.25
Z = -8.25'
(X = 0, X = 160')
Abutment
Bent 24.0'
Extend the pile to the mid- Z = -32.25'

depth of the pile cap
14.75
Z = -47.0'
X = 73.5'
X = 86.5'
X = 75.5'
X = 84.5'
Z
15.0'
13.0'
8.5'
4.0'
2.0'
Units: feet
Y=0
Y = -15.0
Y = -13.0
Y = -2.0
Y = 13.0
Y = 2.0
Y = -8.5
Y = -4.0
Y = 4.0
Y = 8.5
Views toward X = 0
X = 80, Y = 0, Z = 0
Z
X
Y
Bridge Wizard cannot model the pile and pile cap.

These must be modeled (drawn) manually.
The pile cap is modeled as a 4.0' deep thick-plate
element (element boundaries and all plate nodes
are in one plane at the mid-depth of the plate).
The piles are frame sections that must be defined
before they can be used.
Y = - 8.5'
Z
X
Y
next 2 slides
Z
View in +X direction
top of deck
Y Z=0
bent cap bent cap ( frame section )

column
pile Z = - 8.25'
nodes
overlapping nodes
column ( frame section )
pile cap ( thick-shell

element )
Z = - 32.25'
pile ( frame section )
Z = - 47.0'
top of column at mid-depth of bent cap at
Z X = 80.0', Y = - 8.5', Z = - 8.25'
X
mid-depth of pile cap in
Y a plane at Z = - 32.25'
tops of piles in a plane at

cap mid-depth Z = - 32.25'
column
pile
nodes
bottoms of all piles at depth Z = - 47.0' overlapping nodes
Open file CSI Bridge file
Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option2.bdb
saved at the end of Option 1
Extrude view off
Extrude view on
For the rest of this example, the Bridge Wizard will not be used
Instead, the CSI command line tabs and sub-tabs in the

screen headings will be used. For example:
Command line tab
Sub-tabs
First, remove the fixity (all d.o.f.) at column
bases that was used in Option 1
Option 1 assumed column

bases were "fixed"
Note CSI bridge "fixed

boundary" symbol
Recall that in Option 1 the Bent was
named Bent_fixed_base
Bent_fixed_base
Fixed base support

( all 6 d.o.f. )
For Option 2 a new Bent named Bent_free_base will be created. The free
end of each column base will later be connected to the pile cap foundation.
Bent_free_base
Free base support

( all 6 d.o.f. )
See next slide
The built-in Base Support options provided by the
Bridge Bent Column Data form are only Pinned or
Fixed ( the default option is Fixed, as show ).
In order to have a Free column base support it is
necessary to define and attach a new user-defined
Foundation Spring that is free in all 6 d.o.f.
This Foundation Spring is a new Component. It
will be created in the following slides, and named
Column_base_spring.
Bent_free_base
Z Column_base_spring
Y ( free in all 6 d.o.f. )
X
Components command line tab, Item ► Foundation Springs sub-tab
Create a new Foundation Spring
Define and name Column_base_spring
Create a new Bent ( cap and columns ) and name it Column_free_base
4.0' Z = -8.25'
Column length: 24.0'

5.0' ( mid-depth of bent cap to
mid-depth of pile cap )
22.0'
4.0' Z = -32.25'
free end of column ( represented

pile cap and piles will by Column_base_spring )
be added later
Components command line tab, Item ► Bents sub-tab
Create a new Bent to be named Bent_free_base
( note that Bent_fixed_base already exists )
Symbol for fixed reaction at base

of column for Bent_fixed_base
The new Bent_free_base has been
created, but has not yet been assigned
to the bridge model ( to replace the
currently assigned Bent_free_base )
Replace Bent_fixed_base with Bent_free_base in the Bridge Model
Update model to complete replacing Bent_fixed_base with Bent_free_base
Revising the reaction condition at the base of the bent columns is complete.
No base reaction symbol is

shown at a reaction point that
is free ( Bent_free_base )
Add a new Frame Section for the 14"-diam concrete-filled steel pipe piles
Review existing Material Properties
Reinforcing steel
Structural steel ( default )
4 ksi concrete ( will be

used in piles )
The materials needed for the piles have already available ( no new materials are required )
Create a Frame Section for the concrete-filled pipe pile
( reference: CSIBridge-EI-multiplier.ppt )
CSI Bridge has no built-in Frame Sections of this type.
concrete core Concrete:

fc' = 4 ksi
tw = 3/8" doutside = 14" Ec = 3708 ksi
Note that the steel properties
are not entered ( they are
steel pipe
needed to compute the SMF )
The program uses the following method to create a Frame Section like this one:
1. Start with a concrete section whose outside diameter is that of the pipe doutside.
doutside = 14.0 in
2. Enter a Stiffness Multiplication Factor SMF = 2.297 to increase the EI of the

concrete section to that of the filled-pipe section
Assuming current units:
kips, ft, F
Complete creating Conc_filled_pipe_pile
Conc_filled_pipe_pile is a fictitious 14"-diam concrete pile section whose stiffness has been
increased by a SMF = 2.297 so that it will act as a concrete-filled steel pipe pile section.
Add a new thick plate Area Section for the 4'-thick pile cap
Use Advanced tab
Complete Pile_cap_plate definition
Verify units:
Kip, ft, F
Bridge is now ready for adding pile/cap foundation
Redefined bent:
Bent_free_base
Z
X
New component definitions added: Bent_free_base 24.0'

Pile cap thick-plate elements:
Pile_cap_plate
Z = -32.25'
Concrete-filled steel pipe piles:
Conc_filled_pipe_pile "Free" bent column base defined by:
Column_base_spring (free in 6 d.o.f.)
Add the pile cap and piles to each column in the Bridge Model
Z
Bent cap: 4.0' x 4.0' x 27.0'
( already in Bridge Model )
Y
X
Bent column: 30"-diam x 24.0'
( already in Bridge Model )
Pile cap: 13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' thick plate element
Piles: 14"Ø concrete-filled steel pipe pile
The bent cap, bent columns and the piles have been defined as Frame Sections.
The pile cap finite elements have been defined as a thick plate Area Sections.
Z
8.25'
Y
X
Draw this pile/cap foundation first,

and then copy to other side
Z View in +Y direction Z View in +X direction
( section thru Y = - 8.5 ) ( section thru X = 80 )
X Z=0 Y Z=0
Z = - 8.25 Z = - 8.25
Z = - 32.25 Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0 Z = - 47.0
Components, nodes and grid lines.
Z=0
The terms Nodes and Joints mean the
Z = - 8.25
Z same thing, and are used interchangeably.
X
Y
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0
Nodes ( "joints" ) and grid lines
Z = - 8.25 nodes required to for pile cap area

Z nodes required to draw piles
X nodes at ends of column
Y nodes that will be inserted when pile
cap is assembled from plate elements
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0
The grid lines will be used to draw

thick plate elements that make up
the pile cap, and the nine piles.
Nodes will be added by the program
as these components are drawn.
Z = - 8.25'
Z = - 32.25'
In order to draw piles and pile cap

grid lines will be required at:
X = 73.5 , 75.5 , 80.0 , 84.5 , 86.5
Y = -2.0 , -4.0 , -8.5 , -13.0 , -15.0
Z = - 47.0'
Z = -8.25 , -32.25 , - 47.0
View joints ( "nodes" ) created by CSI Bridge
Check to turn on Joint Labels
Uncheck to show Joints

This block will remain unchecked so that Joints
are visible in the balance of this Exercise
Typical joint and label
Use Rubberband Zoom to isolate and expand any selected region in view window
Start
Drag Rubberband Zoom cursor to

capture region to be zoomed-in on
Region enclosed with Rubberband Zoom expanded to full view window
Repeat Rubberband Zoom

to zoom in further
Return to full-size view
Restored full view
Turn off Joint Labels, but leave Joints showing
Uncheck
Remember – these joints are

automatically created by CSI Bridge
anytime model is Updated
View default grid lines created by CSI Bridge
Can be in any heading ( Home show here )
Right-click anywhere in
drawing window
Even though CSI Bridge inserted many joints ( "nodes" ) no grid lines
were drawn through any nodes except the origin at X, Y, Z = 0, 0, 0
1. Delete the grid lines for X = 0, Y = 0 and Z = 0
2. Enter grid lines listed on Slide 38 ( be certain units are Kip, ft, F )
Double left-click on
each cell
Enter
Only the grid lines listed in the Define
Grid System Data table are shown
Use Rubberband Zoom to get a closer view
Note that joints ( "nodes" ) are not
automatically created at the grid
intersections.
Joints are only created when members
are drawn ( either in Bridge Wizard or
manually ).
Additional joints will be added as the
cap elements and the piles are drawn.
View of XZ plane ( in +Y direction )
Y X
If the XZ view is chosen, then the user can

"step through" the XZ planes at
Y = -2.0 , -4.0 , -8.5 , -13.0 , and -15.0
These are the planes that have been created

by drawing the grid lines.
There must be grid lines at these Y locations

for the "step through" to be possible
Switch to a 2D view in the XZ plane in the +Y direction
View of XZ plane
View of XZ plane at Y = -15
Use arrows to "step up" or "step down" through Y planes
X = 86.5
X = 73.5
X = 160
X = 80
X=0
Grid lines
Z = -8.25
Z = -32.25
Z = -47.0
Cursor location
X = 73.5
X = 84.5
"X-Z Plane @ Y=-15"
View of XZ plane at Y = -13
No structure components visible because

they have not been drawn yet
"X-Z Plane @ Y=-13"
View of XZ plane at Y = -8.5
Bent column and nodes visible
"X-Z Plane @ Y=-8.5"
Switch view from XZ plane to XY plane
View of XY planes at Z = -8.25, -32.25, -47.0
Step through Z = -8.25 , -32.25, -47.0

Bent cap beam and nodes
Y=0
"X-Y Plane @ Z=-47" "X-Y Plane @ Z=-32.25" "X-Y Plane @ Z=-8.25"
Modeling the Pile Cap
The 13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' pile cap will be modeled as an assembly of plate finite elements.
Finite elements connect to each other, and to other components in the structure, at joints
at the corners of each finite element.
In CSI Bridge, a plate finite element is a subset of shell finite elements. A rectangular
plate element has a joint at each of its four corners. Six degrees of freedom are active at
each joint (i.e., six forces – three linear and three rotational - can act at each joint ). The
element local coordinate system ( 1-2-3 ) is the frame of reference for the six degrees of
freedom at the joints. The joints are located on the mid-depth plane in the plate:
R2
3 R3 U2 R1 Similar at each joint
2 1 U3 U1
For a horizontal element ( on that lies in the structure X-Y plane ) the plate element 1-2-3
local coordinates are oriented as shown:
R2
3 R3 U2 R1
2 1 U3 U1
Y X
The pile cap must be subdivided into enough
elements so that there is a joint at each location
where "something happens":
Pile cap corners
Bent column
Pile-to-cap connections
Bent column-to-pile-to-cap connection
Element
Pile cap corner

Joint
Pile-to-cap connection Column-to-pile-to-cap connection
Pile Pile
Thick-plate finite elements ( defined earlier as Pile_cap_plate sections ) will be used
to model the 13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' pile cap. The pile cap will be subdivided as shown,
which will results in joints at the following points:
Each of the four corners
Each place where a pile connects to the pile cap
The place where the bent column connects to the pile cap
Bent column
Z = - 32.25
Pile cap corner
Pile
The sixteen elements will be drawn in the order shown. The program will insert joints
as each element is drawn. Note that additional joints along the boundaries ( ) will
be created in addition to the joints needed to connect the bent column and the piles
to the pile cap.
Z = - 32.25
Z
Note – the Number (e.g., 1 ) shown in each
element is manually added to show drawing
Y sequence. The program assigns its own
X element number as each is drawn.
Draw pile cap in XY plane at Z = -32.25
Use Home tab Rubberband Zoom to enlarge figure
nodes at column bases
grid lines
Enlarged view of XY plane grid lines at Z = -32.25
Joint at column base
grid lines
Go to Advanced tab, which opens Draw options
X = 73.5
X = 86.5
Y = -2.0
Grid lines at Z = -32.35
Y = -15.0
Select Rectangular Area tab and select Area Section
Draw rectangular area
Select Area Section

Pile_cap_plate that
was defined earlier
Select first diagonal corner of Pile_cap_plate to begin plate-element drawing sequence
Put cursor pointer on Grid

Point and left-click mouse
This box will show as

long as plate drawing
mode is active
Use Grid Points to draw the first of 16 plate Area elements
Dotted line appears as cursor is

Line added to show
moved until Grid Point is reached
element just drawn
1 1
Left-click mouse – this will

Move (not drag) cursor show joints at the corners of
pointer to Grid Point plate element 1 just drawn
Note – the Number (e.g., 1 ) shown in each element is

manually added to show drawing sequence. The program
assigns its own element number as each is drawn.
Position cursor to draw element 2
Line added to show element just drawn
1 Move (not drag) the

cursor to this Grid Point
and left-click mouse
Draw the second of 16 plate Area elements
Lines added to show previously-drawn element
Dotted line appears as cursor is moved until Grid Point is reached
1 2 1 2

Move (not drag) cursor
show joints at the corners of
pointer to Grid Point
plate element 2 just drawn
1 2 Move (not drag) the

cursor to this Grid
Point and left-click
mouse
Draw the third of 16 plate Area elements
Dotted lines added to show

previously-drawn elements
2 3 1 2 3
1

Move (not drag) cursor plate element 3 just drawn
Move (not drag) the cursor to this

Grid Point and left-click mouse
Grid point
1 2 3
Draw the fourth of 16 plate Area elements
Dotted lines added to show

previously-drawn elements
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Grid point

Move (not drag) cursor
plate element 4 just drawn
First row of elements is now drawn
Dotted lines added to show elements
First row of four elements that

will make up the pile cap plate. 1 2 3 4
Note that joints have been
inserted at the corners of each
element at the grid points.
Outline of pile cap

Repeat for three more rows
of four elements each
Draw second row of 4 elements ( elements 5 – 8 of 16 )
Start
Left-click Left-click
Left-click Left-click End
First and second rows of elements are now drawn
1 2 3 4
Second row of four
elements that make up the
pile cap plate. Again joints 5 6 7 8
have been inserted at the
corners of each element at
the grid points.
Draw third row of 4 elements ( elements 9 – 12 of 16 )
Start
Left-click Left-click End
First, second, and third rows of elements are now drawn
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
Third row of four elements

9 10 11 12
that make up the pile cap
plate.
Draw fourth row of 4 elements ( elements 13 – 16 of 16 )
End
Start Left-click Left-click
Left-click
Drawing of Area elements that make up pile cap is complete
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
Fourth row of four elements that

13 14 15 16
make up the pile cap plate.
Click arrow symbol to exit drawing mode Go to Home and turn on Extrude View
Grayed area shows elements just drawn
Turn off Extrude View and turn on Area Labels
Area Label numbers assigned by the program
Perspective View – Area Labels and Grid Lines turned off
In Display Options
uncheck Area Labels
Z = - 32.25
Right click View Panel, select Edit
Grid Data to turn off grid lines
Z = - 32.25
Turn on Area Labels and Local Axes
Y
X
Turn on Extrude View
Labels are not shown

in Extrude View
In Display Options
check Extrude View
4.0'
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 32.25
Use Set 3D View to switch to XZ View
XZ view
XZ plane Extrude View ( Perspective toggled off )
Perspective toggle
Base of column at
mid-depth of pile cap
Z = -32.25
Draw the three piles at Y = -13.0
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0
Switch to XZ View and step to plane at Y = -13
Here, do not use More to set view
Three piles will be draw

using these grid lines
Use Rubberband Zoom to expand the area where the piles will be drawn
Mid-depth of pile cap
Z = -32.25
Three piles will be draw using

these three grid lines
Tips of piles
Z = -47.0
Go to Advanced tab, which opens Draw options
Select Frame/Cable/Tendon
Select from list
Draw pile at X = 75.5
Move pointer to grid point at

X = 75.5, Y = -13.0, Z = -47.0
Left click to begin drawing
X = 75.5, Y = -13.0, Z = -32.25
Left click to complete line

Right click to "lift pencil"


X = 80.0, Y = -13.0, Z = -47.0

X = 80.0, Y = -13.0, Z = -32.25



X = 84.5, Y = -13.0, Z = -47.0

X = 84.5, Y = -13.0, Z = -32.25


The three piles at Y = -13.0 are complete
Exit drawing mode

At Home tab Refresh Window to see the piles and nodes just drawn
What's missing?
There are no boundary

restraints at the column bases
(as shown, columns are free in
all d.o.f.)

Apply a fixed boundary restraint at the base of the column at X = 75.5
Pile
Right click on joint Flashing red circle

Double left click

Restraint symbol
added at node

Repeat for these nodes ( one at a time )
See next page

Double left click
Right click joint

Piles with boundary restraints completed at Y = -13.0 are complete
Refresh drawing

Rubberband Zoom this area

Piles, nodes and boundary restraints at Y = -13.0
Nodes at outer corners

of corner plate elements

Open and select Extrude View

Base of column and tops of
piles at mid-depth of pile cap
Z = -32.25
Tips of piles
Z = -47.0

Draw the three piles each at Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0
Z = - 32.25
Z = - 47.0

Option 1: In XZ View manually draw piles at Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0
Y = -8.5
Step to Y = -8.5 and draw three
piles and add boundary restraints
as previously shown
Y = -4.0
Step to Y = -4.0 and repeat

Option 2: Replicate the three piles and boundary restraints at Y = -13.0
to Y = -8.5 and Y = -4.0. This can be done in
1. Two steps: Replicate three piles at Y = -13.0 to Y = -8.5 in one step,

and then replicate the same piles at Y = -13.0 to Y = -4.0
in a separate step
2. One step: Replicate three piles at Y = -13.0 to both Y = -8.5 and

Y = -4.0 in a single step.
The one-step replication is possible if spacings between the three lines of piles are the same.
Here, the spacings between Y = -13 and Y = -8.5 and between Y = -85. and Y = -4.0 are
ΔY = +4.5 . Note that ΔY is positive because the " ΔY steps" will be from Y = -13.0 to
Y = -8.5 and then from Y = -8.5 to Y = -4.0.
The one-step replication will be use here.

Show only the footing/pile area
Rubberband Zoom this area

Select: Three piles, six nodes (at ends of piles), and three boundary restraints
Do not include the

plate edge nodes
for replication
Use the following four steps

to make this selection

Selection Step 1
Hold left
button down
Node at top of pile
Drag mouse to include the pile,
plus the joints at the top and Plate corner node
bottom of the pile.
Note that the plate corner node Drag mouse from left to right
cannot be avoided. It will be
deselected in Step 4.
Selected area
Node at bottom of pile

Let left
button up

Selection Step 2 Selection Step 3
Hold left
Hold left
button down
button down
Node at top
of pile
Node at top of pile
Drag mouse
Drag mouse
Node at bottom
Selected area Selected area
of pile
Node at bottom of pile
Let left
Let left button up
button up

Selection Step 4
Objects to be replicated
Left-click to deselect
the plate corner joint

Replicate 3-pile selection ΔY = +4.5 twice in one step
ΔY = +4.5
ΔY = +4.5

Replicate completed – view in Home tab, Rubberband Zoom
Two rows of
piles added
Rubberband Zoom

Perspective Extrude View of selected area
Open and select Extrude View

Switch to XZ View

XZ Extrude View ( Perspective turned off )
Perspective toggle

Switch to YZ View

YZ Extrude View ( Perspective turned off )
Perspective toggle
Z
View toward X = 0
Y
Pile rows added by Replicate

Finish drawing the foundations
Z Z
Y Y
5.0 17.0 5.0 ΔY = +17.0
Just completed
Replicate

In Home tab:
Turn off Extrude View , select 3-d View , and Rubberband Zoom to get area shown

Drag mouse from left to right to select pile cap and piles
Be sure to include the

plate node at the far
corner of the pile cap.
Start selection
End selection

Selected objects to Replicate
Selected objects: Pile cap

(16 finite elements) and
nine fixed-base piles

Replicate selected objects

Replicated objects – note that grid
lines are not replicated or expanded

In Home tab, return to Perspective View

Switch to Perspective Extrude View

Switch to YZ Extrude View

YZ Extrude View
Perspective toggle
Z Grid lines
Grid lines
Perspective on Perspective off

The grid lines can now be either deleted or hidden
Delete grid lines ….. a bad idea …. DON'T DO IT
Right click
anywhere in view
panel Delete all

Hide the grid lines
Right click
anywhere in view
panel

The grid lines are still there, but are hidden.
They can be unhidden by the same procedure ( as will be done in Option 3 of this Exercise )

Foundation drawing completed and the grid has been hidden
Perspective toggle
But….is the foundation part
of the Bridge Model?
Perspective on Perspective off

In Home tab, Restore Full View ( Perspective ) and turn off Extrude View

In Bridge tab, Update the Bridge Model to include the foundations

After the Bridge Model has been updated, switch to the Analysis tab
and run an analysis for the DEAD loads

Analysis complete: Note that the model is Locked.
In order to make any changes in the model it must be Unlocked,
which will erase the results of the analysis
The model has deflected, but the

deflection is a little hard to see

In the Home tab, open the Deformed Shape box
The deformed shape has been drawn using a

very small default Auto Scaling factor

Choose a Scale Factor that shows a reasonable deformed shape
The magnitude of the scale factor has no physical

significance … it is just a relative number

Extrude View off
Extrude View on

Displacements U1 , U2 , U3 measured in structure X-Y-Z coordinates
Z (U3)
Y (U2)
X (U1)

Deflected profile
XZ plane
Z (U3)
Deflection reference line
X (U1)
Deflection at bent due to elastic shortening

of the bent columns and the piles

Selected vertical deflections
Move cursor to joint

Z (U3)
X (U1)
U3 = -0.0593 in
U3 = -0.2957 in
Set units to inches

Longitudinal ( M3 ) moment diagram – Entire Bridge
Structure ("global")
coordinate system
Z
Y 2
X 4913 ft-k
1
Member coordinate system for 3107 ft-k

member laid out from X = 0 to
X at the end of the bridge

Compare DEAD load moment diagrams for two column base options
Option 1 Option 2
Bent columns fixed at bases Bent columns on pile foundations
( column extended to mid-depth
of pile cap )
4949 ft-k 4913 ft-k
2997 ft-k 3107 ft-k
Why are they different?

Vertical reactions at tips of piles
If necessary, use Display Options

to turn off viewing Restraints

Rubberband Zoom to
isolate this footing

Isolated view of pile footing reactions in –Y region
Bent column
Right-click on joint

In XZ plane view reactions at each Y position
Use arrows to select Y = - 4.0

( note that Y position is not shown
anywhere on the screen – nasty )
Rubberband Zoom

Vertical reactions at Y = - 13.0 ft
X = 84.5
X = 75.5
X = 80.0
Y = - 13.0

X = 75.5
X = 80.0
X = 84.5
Y = - 8.5

X = 75.5
X = 80.0
X = 84.5
Y = - 4.0

Total upward vertical reaction per pile footing
52.47 + 55.05 + 52.39 = 159.9
55.09 + 65.87 + 55.01 = 176.0 495.8 kips
52.47 + 55.05 + 52.39 = 159.9

Axial force at base of bent column
present view ( whatever it may be )

Display member axial force for Frame Members

Rubberband Zoom to improve resolution
Select Y = - 8.5 ft
Note: Y position not shown!!
Bent column appears when Y = - 8.5'
Rubberband zoom

Axial force near base of bent column ( approximately at top of pile cap )
Axial compression near base of bent

column = - 372.0 (4 sig. figures)

Alternate view – XZ View ( Rubberband Zoom )
Select Y = - 8.5 ft in XZ view
Note: Y position not shown!!
Axial compression near base of bent

column = - 372.0 (4 sig. figures)

Show member axial force diagrams
If necessary, use Display Options

to turn off viewing Restraints

Compression forces in piles and in bent column where it connects to
the plate element at the mid-depth of the pile cap
Put cursor
on joint
Rubberband Zoom R = 52.47

(earlier slides)

Use Advanced ► Assign ► More to clear display of currently-shown results

Pile and cap weights
13.0' x 13.0'
concrete pile cap Weight of concrete pile cap ( disregard 2.0' steel pipe
4.0' length extensions into pile cap ):
13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' x 0.15 k/ft3 = 101.4 kips
Weight per pile:
12.75' Core diameter = 13.25" / 12 in/ft = 1.102 ft

 1.1042 2
Core area per foot = ft / ft  0.9575 ft 2 / ft
4
Core weight = 0.9575 ft2/f x 0.15 k/ft3 = 0.1436 k/ft
concrete filled 14"-diam  ( 14.02  13.252 ) in2
steel piles ( 9 total ) Pipe area per foot =  0.1115 ft 2 / ft
4 ( 144 in2 / ft 2 ) / ft
steel pipe Pipe weight = 0.1115 ft2/f x 0.495 k/ft3 = 0.0552 k/ft
concrete core
Pile weight per foot = ( 0.1436 + 0.0552 ) k/ft = 0.1988 k/ft
tw = 3/8" Weight per pile = 0.1988 k/ft x 12.75 ft = 2.535 k/pile
Total pile weight = 2.535 k/pile x 9 piles = 22.8 kips
doutside = 14"

Check pile footing vertical equilibrium
Column force near top of pile cap = 372.0 kips

(why not use 373.1 kips – Slide 176 ??)
Pile cap weight = 101.4 kips

496.2 kips downward
Total pile weight = 22.8 kips
Close enough !!
Total reaction = 495.8 kips upward ( Slide 176 )

Save your CSI Bridge .bdb file in two versions:
Save as: Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option2.bdb

This is the option just completed in which the two columns bases frame into
the pile cap in a pile-cap/piles foundation
Save as: Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option3.bdb

This will be the starting point for the next option in which the columns bases
are connected to the pile caps by Joint Constraints

Example2 Two Equal Spans Option2 Final

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Example2 Two Equal Spans Option2 Final

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Example 2 – Option 2:

Bent columns on capped piles

Details on following slides

8" slab deck

6.25' BT-63 girder

4.0' Top of column at mid-

32.25' 24.0' 30.25'

Assumed point of pile fixity

Assumed point of pile fixity

Extend the pile to the mid- Z = -32.25'

Bridge Wizard cannot model the pile and pile cap.

bent cap bent cap ( frame section )

column ( frame section )

pile cap ( thick-shell

pile ( frame section )

tops of piles in a plane at

bottoms of all piles at depth Z = - 47.0' overlapping nodes

Instead, the CSI command line tabs and sub-tabs in the

Command line tab

Option 1 assumed column

Note CSI bridge "fixed

Fixed base support

Free base support

See next slide

Column length: 24.0'

free end of column ( represented

Symbol for fixed reaction at base

No base reaction symbol is

Review existing Material Properties

Structural steel ( default )

4 ksi concrete ( will be

CSI Bridge has no built-in Frame Sections of this type.

concrete core Concrete:

2. Enter a Stiffness Multiplication Factor SMF = 2.297 to increase the EI of the

Use Advanced tab

New component definitions added: Bent_free_base 24.0'

Pile cap: 13.0' x 13.0' x 4.0' thick plate element

Piles: 14"Ø concrete-filled steel pipe pile

Draw this pile/cap foundation first,

Z = - 8.25 nodes required to for pile cap area

The grid lines will be used to draw

In order to draw piles and pile cap

Check to turn on Joint Labels

Uncheck to show Joints

Drag Rubberband Zoom cursor to

Repeat Rubberband Zoom

Restored full view

Remember – these joints are

Can be in any heading ( Home show here )

If the XZ view is chosen, then the user can

These are the planes that have been created

There must be grid lines at these Y locations

Use arrows to "step up" or "step down" through Y planes

"X-Z Plane @ Y=-15"

No structure components visible because

Bent column and nodes visible

"X-Z Plane @ Y=-8.5"

Step through Z = -8.25 , -32.25, -47.0

"X-Y Plane @ Z=-47" "X-Y Plane @ Z=-32.25" "X-Y Plane @ Z=-8.25"

3 R3 U2 R1 Similar at each joint

Pile cap corner

Pile cap corner

Use Home tab Rubberband Zoom to enlarge figure

nodes at column bases