MOPANI EAST DISTRICT

NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

LIFE SCIENCES
REVISEDPRACTICAL TASK 2
MARKING GUIDELINE
04 MAY 2022

REVISED MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 40
DATE: 04 MAY 2022

This Memo consists of 07 pages including the cover page.

 Life Sciences Practical Task Grade 12 Page 2 Of 7 Mopani East /May 2022
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QUESTION 1: Variations on a human face

In this activity, Learners learn about heredity and how traits are passed on to each
generation by creating a human face. Prior to creating the face, first discuss that
genes are units of heredity. There are two alleles, one is dominant and the other is
recessive. Dominant alleles have a capital letter. Recessive alleles have a lower case
letter. If both alleles are different, it is heterozygous (blending of traits). Genetic
makeup (letters) are called genotype. Physical characteristics are phenotype.

Material (What you need):

• Pencils
• 2 coins for each Learner
• Glue
• Crayons (dark brown; light brown; grey; light blue; green and dark blue)

Method (What you do):

In this activity both parents are hybrid (heterozygous). Give each of your learners two
coins to flip (one represents dad, the other mom). Heads = dominant / Tails =
recessive. Learners fill in the genetic chart to discover what their baby will look like.
Once their chart is filled, they look at the genotype and phenotype that represents
each trait and construct their baby out of construction paper.

1.1. Complete the genetic chart below:

Trait Dad Mom Baby

Genotype Genotype
Genotype Phenotype
(Coin 1) (Coin 2) Coin1/Coin2

e.g Face Rr Rr Head/Head

Shape Round
RR

Hair Hh Hh HH Curly
Hh Wavy
hh Straight ()

Dimples Dd Dd DD; Dd Present

dd Absent ()

Eyebrows Qq Qq .QQ Qq Not connected

qq Connected

()
(3)

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 Life Sciences Practical Task Grade 12 Page 3 Of 7 Mopani East /May 2022
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1.2. Polygenic Traits
– some traits are controlled by more than two genes and are called polygenic.
Hair, eye colour and skin colour are examples of polygenic traits.
Eye Colour –
Dark eyes are dominant over light eyes. To determine the colour of the offspring’s
eyes, assume there are two gene pairs involved, one which codes for depositing
pigment in the front of the iris, and one which codes for depositing pigment in the back
of the iris. Determine the genotype of the first pair (AA, Aa, or aa) Then flip again to
determine the genotype of the second pair (BB, Bb, or bb).

Use the chart below to find out what eye colour your offspring has and circle it.
If the genotype is… First pair coin toss//Second pair coin The eye colour is….
toss
AABB Head/Head // Head/Head dark brown
AABb Head/Head //Head/Tail or Tail/Head dark brown
AAbb Head/Head //Tail/Tail light brown
AaBB Head/Tail or Tail/Head // Head/Head light brown with green flecks
AaBb Head/Tail or Tail/Head // Head/Tail or light brown
Tail/Head

Aabb Head/Tail or Tail/Head // Tail/Tail grey-light blue

aaBB Tail/Tail // Head/Head green
aaBb Tail/Tail // Head/Tail or Tail/Head dark blue
aabb Tail/Tail // Tail/Tail light blue (hazel)
(1) Circle ()
1.3. Sex Determination
Is it a boy or a girl?
To determine the sex of your baby, flip the coin for the male parent. Heads would
represent X, while tails would be Y.
Parents Baby
Female Male Genotype Phenotype
(Coin 2) (Coin 1) Coin 1

. XX Female
X X X Y XY
Sex Male ()

(1)

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 Life Sciences Practical Task Grade 12 Page 4 Of 7 Mopani East /May 2022
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1.4. Create your baby.
Now that you have determined all the traits of your child, draw a picture. Use
colours and try to make the sketch as accurate as possible given the traits your child
inherited. Make sure you name your child too!

(5)

Assessment criteria (Must be marked according to each individual learner’s answers)

Criteria Description of assessment
Heading Heading present ()
Indication of traits 1 traits correctly indicated ()
(3 traits as per 1.1.) 2 traits correctly indicated ()
3 traits correctly indicated ()
Colouring Eye coloured correctly as per 1.2.()
QUESTION 1: [10]

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 Life Sciences Practical Task Grade 12 Page 5 Of 7 Mopani East /May 2022
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QUESTION 2: (Refer to genetic chart on question 1.1 above)
2.1 DD  or Dd  (2)
2.2 Hair  (1)
2.3 P2 Phenotype Round Face x Square Face
Genotype Rr x rr
Meiosis
Gametes R r x r r

Fertilisation

F2 Genotype Rr; Rr; rr; rr 

Phenotype Round face : 2 Square face 
phenotype: 50% Round face and 50% Square face *
P2 and F2
Meiosis and fertilisation
*1 compulsory + any 4 (5)
OR
P2 Phenotype Round face x Square face
Genotype Rr x rr
Meiosis
Gametes R r

Fertilisation r Rr rr
r Rr rr
mark for correct gametes mark
for correct genotypes

F2 Phenotype 2 Round face: 2 Square face 

% of phenotype: 50% Round face and 50% Square face *
P2 and F2
Meiosis and fertilisation
*1 compulsory + any 4 (5)

[8]

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 Life Sciences Practical Task Grade 12 Page 6 Of 7 Mopani East /May 2022
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QUESTION 3
3.1 Why do you have to flip a coin to determine which allele each parent
would pass on to the offspring? (2)
Each parent has two alleles  for each characteristic. Through
segregation one of the alleles from each parent will be in a gamete.  /
There is a 50% chance (random assortment)  of the offspring to receive
one of the two alleles  from each parent

3.2 Why do you need to flip the male parent coin only to determine the sex
of your baby? (2)
The male determines the sex of the baby because the male gamete
has an X or Y allele and the female gamete only has an X 

3.3 If you were to do this again, would your offspring be exactly alike?
Explain your answer. (2)
No/Yes  (6)
For every characteristic there is a 50% chance  to have a different allele
or the same allele from a parent.

QUESTION 2: [6]
QUESTION 4

Phenotype: Rhanzu’s: Wavy and present x Lufuno’s : Wavy and present

4.1. Genotype: Rhanzu’s HhDd x Lufuno’s HhDd  (2)

4.2.
Gametes HD Hd hD hd
HD HHDD HHDd HhDD HhDd

Hd e.g Curly and present (i) Curly and absent HhDd (ii) Hhdd

hD e.g Wavy and present (iii)Wavy and present

(vi)hhDD e.g Straight and
present
hd e.g Wavy and present e.g Wavy and absent e.g hhDd (v)Straight and
absent
(5)
4.1. 1. 3:1 (1)
4.1.2. X: Seed shape = 5474/1850= 2, 96: 1/2.95:1
Y: Seed colour = 6022/2001=3, 01:1
Closest: Seed colour / Y (3)
4.1.3. Y has the larger sample size (2)

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 Life Sciences Practical Task Grade 12 Page 7 Of 7 Mopani East /May 2022
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4.1.4. Round Seeds (1)

QUESTION 4: [14]

GRAND TOTAL = [38]

TO BE CONVERTED TO 40 ON LEANERS’ SCRIPTS

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