21st century, Examples;

Mapping our literary past present, future  Heto na si kaka, bubuka-bukaka

• Before the Literature. Philippines was colonized, (Here comes kaka, walking with an open leg)
it was already brimming with a rich a tradition of
oral Gunting (Scissor)

• Early Filipinos weaved together countless myths  Sa araw cay bungbong, sa gabi ay dahon (Roll
and legends to explain certain phenomenon in life. in the moming, leaf in the afternoon)

• Had stories on how the world was created. Banig

• why there is sun in the morning and moon at

night. Folk Songs
• How mountain is formed  Beautiful songs that are informal capussions of
•other life events have stories our ancestors experience in life
 Range from courtship (haroma of a screnade
• Because there was not paper invented, many of for a girl), to whabies, narvests. Avnerals and
their tales were not presented and nave vanished. others.
• Most of what have been transcribed how are Example:
taken from oral literature which means that these
stories have been passed on from one generations -Magtanim ay di biro
to another. -Sitsiritsit
- Pamulinawen
“Most of that survived are epics and folklores”
Forms of literature that were Passed on Tales
• Proverbs (salawikain)  Stories of origin for certain places their names
-are practical observations and philosophy of and their creation known as myths and
everyday life that are in surviving local life. In legends.
Filipino, these are called Salawikain.  Known as myths and legends

Examples (salawikain)
- ang may malinis na kalooban ay walang Examples
kinakatakutan
-Legend of Mana Makiling
- kung ano ang puno, siya ang bunga (whatever
-Legend of Pineapple
the tree, so is the fruit)
-Si tumbelina
-The monkey and the turtle

Example:
Epics
• Riddles (Bugtong) -
-long winded poems about a hero and his
Demand an answer and are used to test the wits of
adventures and misadventures
those who are listening to them.
-a male hero who is bom with all the pleasing
Flippant nature meaning they seem to be
qualities and also has superman capabilitick
referring to something languable, but in reality,
the answer is more serious than expected.
Supernatural eternents are alro introduced to show
the strength of the new and his capabilities.
-Paired with a beautiful maiden, whom he will fall
in love with.
Example:
Hinilawod- one of the best epics of the Philippines
from Negros
Spanish Colonial Philippine Literature
When the Spaniards came there was an
immediate shift on the focus of literature It
became centered on the Christians faith and the
stories about natural phenomena suddenly became
all about the lives of saints and other religious
hymns. Slowly Philippine literature started to
emulate the traditional Spanish ways of themes
and forms in writing, including the repetitive plots
and obvious shadowy characters. Papik these
changes, Filipinos still found a way to make
Spanish literature their own.
Kinds of Spanish Colonial Philippine literature
Corrido
-is a legendary religious narrative form
that vonally details the lives of saints or the
histong of tradition.
Awit
-is a chivalric poem about a hero, usually
about a saints. His usually sung and ved in
Kligious processions.
Pasyon
-is a narrative poem about the life of Jesus
Christ, beginning from his birth and up to his
death This is usually sung during the Lenten
season. Many women were trained before to
perform the Payson. Nowadays, it is sung by
seasoned performers in churches nationwide.
Cenacub
-is a dramatization of the passion of Christ.
It highlights the sufferings and death of Jesus
Christ, and if is also done during the Lenten
season
Example:
San Pedro cutud Lenten rites in San Fernando
Pampanga, where fervent catholics volunteer
themselves to be actually nailed to the cross to
reenact the suffering of Jesus Christ
Moro- Moro (Comedia de capa y Espada)
-is a blood-and-thunder melodrama depicting the
conflict of Christians and Muslims. It is usually
about battles to the death and proots of faith.
Carillo
-is a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle.
This is created by animating figures made from
cardboard, which are projected onto a white
screen.
Tibag
-is the dramatic reenactment of St. Helena's search
for the Holy crass St Helena is the mother of
Constantine and is oftentimes credited to have
influenced her son to be the great Christian leader
he is known for today. She is also well-known to
have travelled to Syria to book for the relies of
Jesus Christ's cross, the one that was used in his
crucifixion it is also widely believed that she
found it in the same country.
Puplo or karagatan
-are native dramas that are connected to catholic
mourning rituals and harvest celebrations
Sarzuela
- is probably one of the most famous forms of
entertainment back in the Spanish era. Zarzuela
are musical comedies or melodramas that deal
with the elemental passions of human beings a
zarzuela follows a certain plot, which shows either
a satirical wok at society or a bregrudged life
Poetry of the Archipelago
Poetry in the Philippines is not different
from its other counterparts around the world in the
early 1900s. Filipino poetry celebrated
romanticism, and several poems about love
flourished. Eventually as the years went on poetry
became more formalist - the emphases of the
poetry is more on the form and language that the
poet used rather than the theme itself then, modem
poetry sprouted, and nowadays, writes are more
adventurous in their craft.
Elements of poetry that local writers use in their
poems.
Senses and Images
are used by with us to describe their
impressions of their bogie or object of writing.
The writer uses carefully selected and phrased
words to create an imagery that the reader can fee
Thorough his or her senses. The kinds of sense
impressions in poetry are categorized in mainly
following:
• Visual Imagery-what the writer wants you to see
• Alfactory Imagery. what the writer wants you to
smell.
•Gustatory Imagery -what the writer wants you to
taste.
•Tactile Imagery - what the writer wants you to
feel
• Auditory Imagery - what the writer wants you to
hear.
Diction
-another important element in Filipino grey. In
fact, Filipino writers are very careful of the way
they write and the words they use to form their
poems.
- is the denotative and connotative meaning of the
words in a sentence, phrase, paragraph, or poem
Denotative
-the precise, literal definition of a word that might
be found in a dictionary
-Dictionary definition
Example:
Red rose is a red flower bon by a Thomy stub
Connotation
- refers to the vide array of positive and negative
naturally carry with them.
-associations that most words
Example:
Red rose is the symbol of love and desire.
Rhyme Scheme
the way the author arranges word, meters, lines
and stanzas to create a coherent sound when the
poem is read out loud. It may be formal or
informal depending on the way the poon was
written by the poet.
Senses, imagery, diction, and rhyme scheme are
emphasized in this canonical poem "Gabu "
 Alunsina - Goddess of the eastern sky
Kaptan- King of the gods
Datu Paubari- A mortal; mighty ruler of halawod
Gabu Maklium-sa-twan- God of the plains
-one of the most widely read local poems in Suklang Malayon- Goddess and guardian of
English by Carlos angeles happy homes; sister of Alunsina
Labaw Donggon- Eldest of the three
Poetry Angoy Ginbitinan- 1st wife of Labaw Donggon
from HANDUG
- probably the most sophisticated of all literary
genre. Manalintad - A monster that was killed by Labaw
Donggon as a part of his dowry
- a reflection of the country's history and changing
lifestyles, valves and situations. Abyang Durunuun- Sister of sumpoy; lord of
underworld, whose beauty is legendary.
2nd wife of Labaw Donggon, lived in
Gemino Abad TARAMBANG BUROK

-writer & literary critic Sikay Padalogdog- Giant with a hundred arms
Malitong Yawa Sinigmaling Diwata- 3rd
prospect of Labaw Donggon
Young bride of Saragnayan-
Saragnayan- lord of darkness
Aso Mangga- son of angoy ginbitinan
Abyang Baranugon- Son of Abyang Durunuun;
he defeated Saragnayan and won his father's
freedom
Humadapnon- 2nd of the triplets; was angry at
what happened with his brother so he wanted to
take revenge
Buyong Matanayon- Accompanied
Humadapnon; known fornhis skills in
swordmanship
Piganun- Seductive sorceress
Datu Umbaw Pinaumbaw- Ruler of PINILING
TUBIG, he was giving his daughter for marriage
to whoever could remove the huge boulder that
rolled from a mountain into the center of the
village
Burigadang Pada Sinaklang Bulawan- Goddess
of greed
Duyong Makabigting- Son of the mighty DATU
BALAHIDYONG of PALING BUKID
Dumalapdap- 3rd brother; left for Burutlakan-
Ka-Adlaw where the LUBAT-LUBYOK
HANGINUN SI MAHUYOKHUYOKON
Dumasig- The most powerful wrestler
Hinilawod – an epic from central panay
Alunsina- Goddes at the eastern sky
- Also knowon as laun sina (“The
Unmarried one”)
Kaptan- The King of Gods
- He decreed that she should marry
alunsina
- All those unmarried gods of the different
domains of the universe tried to win her
hand to no avail.
Datu Paubari- The mighty ruler of Halawood
- The husband of alunsina
- a mortal
- Her decision angered her suitors. They
plotted to bring harm to the newlyweds. A
meeting of the council was called by
Maklium-sa-t’wan
Maklium-sa-t’wan – Gods of the plains
- Where a decision of the present was
made to destroy Halawod by flood.
- Alunsina and Datu Paubari esacaped harm
through the assistance of Suklang
Malayon
Suklang Malayon – The Goddes and Guardian at
happy homes
- Sister of Alunsina
- She learned the evil plot and warmed the
two so they were able to seek refuge on
higher ground
- After the floods water subsided; Paubari
and Alunsina returned to the plains
secretly. They settled near the mouth of
the halowod river.
- Alunsina became pregnant. She delivered
a set of triplets and summnod the high
Priest Bungot-Banua to perform the rites
of the gods of mount madya- as (The
mountain abode of the gods)
Siklot- Things necessary for childbirth
Bungot Banwa – The high priest who perform the rites
on the triplets to ensure their health
Mount Madya- as: The mountain abode of the gods –
The high priest promptly made an altr and bumped
some ALANGHIRAN FRONDS and A PINCH OF
KAMANGYAN
- He opened the windows of the northside
of the room and a cold northernly wind
came in and suddenly, the three infants
were transformed into strong handsome
young men
Labaw Donggong – The Eldest of the three
- He asked his mother to prepare his magic
cape, hat, belt, and kampilan (sword)
Handug- Where a beautiful maiden named angoy
Gimbitan Lived

 The journey took several days. He walked

across plains and valleys, dimped up
mountains until he reached the