UNIVERSITY OF ABRA (UA)

LIVING IN THE IT ERA(ELEC2)

ACTIVITY #1

SUBMITTED BY:
HERZIEL CLARISSE H. SIANEN
BIT_2R_ELS

SUBMITTED TO:
MA’AM FRANCES V. BERSAMIN
MAY 10, 2024
1. WHAT IS DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)?
-A disk operating system (DOS) is a type of operating system that runs from a
disk drive rather than a paper-based medium like a punch card. More specially, disk
operating system (DOS) refers to an early command-line-based operating system used to
access, manage, and control a computer’s hard drive and hardware components such as
the processor and memory.
This is different from today’s most popular Operating System (OS), which all
use a Graphical User Interface (GUI) rather than a command line. One thing that DOS
and GUI based operating system have in common is that they’re the key to getting a
computer to do what you want it to do. This includes finding a personal document file
connecting to the internet, or running a program.
2. WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)?
-An Operating System (OS) is a program that manage a computer’s hardware.
It also provides a basis for application programs and acts as an intermediary between the
computer user and the computer hardware. The main task an operating system carries out
is the allocation of resources and services, such as the allocation of memory, devices,
processors, and information. The operating system also includes programs to manage
these resources, such as traffic controller, a scheduler, a memory management module,
I/O programs, and a file system. The operating system simply provides an environment
within which other programs can do useful works.
3. WHAT ARE THE USES OF OPERATING SYSTEM?
- Operating System is used as a communication channel between the Computer
hardware and the user. It works as an intermediate between System Hardware and End-
User. Operating System handles the following responsibilities:
 It controls all the computer resources.
 It provides valuable services to user programs.
 It coordinates the execution of user programs.
 It provides resources for user programs.
 It provides an interface (virtual machine) to the user.
 It hides the complexity of software.
 It supports multiple execution modes.
 It monitors the execution of user programs to prevent errors.
4. WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF OPERATING SYSTEM AND IT’S
APPLICATION/S.
 GENERAL-PURPOSE OPERATING SYSTEM – A general-purpose OS
represents an array of operating systems intended to run a multitude of
applications on a broad selection of hardware, enabling a user to run one or more
applications or tasks simultaneously. A general-purpose OS can be installed in
many different desktop and laptop models and run applications from accounting
systems to data base to web browser to games. General-Purpose OS typically
focus on process and hardware management to ensure that applications can
reliably share the wide range of computing hardware present.
 MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEM – Mobile OS designed to accommodate the
unique needs of mobile computing and communication-centric devices, such as
smartphones and tablets. Mobile OS tend to emphasize efficient performance, user
responsiveness and close attention to data handling tasks, such as supporting
media streaming. Apple iOS and Google Android are examples of Mobile OS.
 EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEM – A medical device used in a patient’s
life support equipment, for example, will employ an embedded OS that must run
reliably in order to keep the patient alive. Embedded linux is one example of an
embedded OS.
 NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM – A Network Operating System (NOS) is
another specialized OS intended to facilitate communication between devices
operating on a Local Area Network (LAN). A NOS provides the communication
stack needed to understand network protocols in order to create, exchanges and
decompose network pockets. Today, the concept of a specialized NOS is largely
obsolete because other OS types largely handle network communication.
 REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM – When a computing device must
interact with the real within constant and repeatable time constraints, the device
manufacturer may opt to use a real-time operating system (RTOS). An ROTS
must function without buffering, process latencies and other delays, which are
perfectly acceptable in other types of operating systems. Two examples of RTOS
includes FreeRTOS and VxWorks.
5. WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
-Software is a set of instruction s, data or program used to operate computer
and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical
aspects of a computer, software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts, and
programs that run on a device. It can be thought of ass the variable part of a computer,
while hardware is in the variable part. The main categories of software are Application
Software and System Software.
6. WHAT IS SYSTEM SOFTWARE?
- System Software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a
computer’s hardware and applications programs. If we think of the computer system as a
layered model, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user
application. The operating system is the best-known example of system software.
7. EXAMPLES OFSYSTEM SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION SOFTWARE
 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
1. OPERATING SYSTEM – The operating system is a collection of
software that helps execute programs and offers a computer application’s
general services.
2. DEVICE DRIVERS – Device drivers handle the operation of the
hardware devices connected to a computer. They act as a software interface
for the hardware devices so that application and the operating system of a
computer can run the hardware functions without having the knowledge of
the hardware’s exact specification.
3. FIRMWARE -Firmware is embedded in the read-only memory of a
system and is a type of permanent software that offers low-level control for
certain device hardware.
4. UTILITY – Utility software functions to configure, maintain, and offer
support in the analysis and optimization of the computer.
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE
1. WORD PROCESSOR – Word processor software, as the name suggests,
is designed for making notes, typing data, and documentation. Users can
also format, store, and print their data and documents respectively word
process.
2. DATABASE SOFTWARE – Also known as Database Management
System (DBMS), database software allows users to perform various
operations on quickly retrieve data, such as creation, management,
organization, and modification.
3. MULTI-MEDIA SOFTWARE – Users can perform certain actions on
their computer, such as playing, recording music and video files as well as
creating images with the help of multi-media software. This type of
software has a massive application in the field of graphic designing where
users create gifs, images, animations, and edit videos.
4. WEB BROWSER – Web browsers are used for browsing in the internet
and their primary function is to allow users to fetch data across the web
and also position the data. In simpler terms, you would access the internet
with the help of web browser so that you can find the information that you
 need. Chrome, Opera, Mozilla, Firefox, Microsoft edge, Apple safari, and
UC browsers are very commonly used web browser.
5. FREEWARE – Freeware software is made available free of cost for a
lifetime and it can be downloaded from the internet. This type of software
is generally created by companies to improve their reach and gain more
popularity. Some such software that is available free of cost for different
purposes are Skype, Audacity, Zoom, Adobe reader, WhatsApp, etc.
6. SHAREWARE – Shareware, much like freeware, can be downloaded
from the internet. However, the main difference between both is that, while
freeware can be used for an unlimited amount of time without having to
make any payment, shareware can be used on a trial basis. Adobe Acrobat
and photoshop, WinZip, and PHP Debugger are some popular types of
shareware software.
7. OPEN-SOURCE – Open-source is also available on the internet free of
cost. However, what differentiates them from freeware is that they are
available with their source code. This means users who downloaded open-
source software can make changes and transformation to it and even add
features to it.