CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter discusses the method and procedures used in this study. This includes

research design, the research subject about population, sampling method, data collection,

and ethical considerations.

Research Design

This study will be fulfilled using a qualitative research design employing

descriptive phenomenological inquiry. Creswell (2012) suggested that analyzing

qualitative data requires understanding how to make sense of the phenomena so that you

can form answers to your research questions. Further, descriptive phenomenology deals

with unveiling of the "essential structure" of a given phenomenon under examination

(Morrow et al., 2015). The researchers will utilize descriptive phenomenological inquiry

to investigate the positive and negative effect of smart phone usage and the insights can be

shared by the senior high school students when it comes to proper handling of smart phone

usage at STI College Davao.

Research Participants

Purposeful selection allows the researchers to have representative data of the

sample of the given population. The primary objective of this study is to explore the effects

of distraction and intervention of smartphone usage of the senior high school students. To

establish eligibility, the researchers will make sure that the participants is enrolled at STI

College Davao for the SY: 2023-2024. Research participants will be treated anonymously,
researchers, therefore, shall designate code names (Senior High School Student or SHS

Student 1-5) to keep the participant's identity. The study will be conducted in STI College

Davao.

Sampling Method

The researchers utilize a non- probability sampling method. This is used when the

population cannot/does not need to be sampled to represent the target population and so

individuals do not have an equal chance of being sampled. The researcher is selective of

its population and sample. Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling technique

where researchers select participants based on specific characteristics or criteria relevant

to the research question or objectives (Melgrito, M.F, 2017). In this study, the researchers

may choose to select senior high school students from STI College Davao who are regular

smartphone users, as they are the population of interest for understanding the effects of

smartphone usage.

Data Gathering Procedure

Prior to the conduct of the study, the researchers obtained an informed consent and

properly informed the targeted participants about the rigor of the study. The researchers

then secured a letter of approval signed by the purposively selected research participants.

The researchers will create semi-structured interview questions for the in-depth one on one

interview and forwarded them to the experts in the field of qualitative research for scrutiny

and validation, the approved interview questions then served as the main research

instrument. Semi-structured interview (SSI) guide included open-ended questions wherein

the participants were not restricted with their language use and allowed them to feel

comfortable in sharing their ideas and experiences, thus yielding to a rich data (Gani, 2019).

Data Analysis

Creswell (2012) suggested that analyzing qualitative data "requires understanding

how to make sense of text and images so that you can form answers to your research

questions." The researchers employed a thematic approach in analyzing the data gathered.

The research instrument used in this study was the SSI or the Semi-Structured Interview.

The data gathered from the individual in-depth interviews were analyzed in a rational,

comprehensive, and ethical way. Descriptive presentation of dissected themes from

concepts in the given transcriptions was displayed in the results and discussions with

figures for visual representation.

The researchers used the following steps for analyzing the data:
Transcription. The researchers will carefully transcribe the recorded individual in-depth

interviews. Since the informants will be given the freedom to use their preferred language,

the researchers devised the verbatims of the transcribed interview for the discussion.

Throughout the conduct of the study, the researchers will secure journals for taking down

notes essential for dissecting the transcribed data.

Coding. After transcription, the researchers will cluster the initial themes and categorize

them in codes, the researchers will identify emergent concepts and will use in the

formulation of emergent themes.

Analysis. Lastly, the researchers will evaluate these themes. The broad ideas will be

synthesize into a more specific one where commonalities will be identified. Themes will
be defined, connecting back to the research objectives. Afterward, the researchers will

inscribe an inclusive narrative evaluation and used the proper anchorage of related

literature.

Ethical Considerations

Informed Consent. Obtain informed consent from all participants, including both students

and any other stakeholders involved in the research (e.g., school administrators,

parents/guardians). Clearly explain the purpose of the study, the nature of participation,

potential risks and benefits, and participants' rights. Ensure that participants have the

autonomy to voluntarily consent or decline participation without coercion.

Confidentiality and Anonymity. Safeguard the confidentiality of participants by

anonymizing their identities and ensuring that any personally identifiable information (e.g.,

names, contact details) remains confidential. Use pseudonyms or participant codes in data

collection and reporting to protect participants' privacy. Store and handle data securely to

prevent unauthorized access or disclosure.

Minimization of Harm. Take steps to minimize potential harm or distress to participants,

particularly when discussing sensitive topics related to smartphone usage, such as

addiction, cyberbullying, or mental health issues. Provide appropriate support resources

and referrals for participants who may experience emotional discomfort or require further

assistance.

Beneficence and Non-maleficence. Ensure that the research aims to promote the well-being

and interests of participants while minimizing any potential harm or negative

consequences. Balance the benefits of the research insights with the ethical imperative to

do no harm, prioritizing participants' welfare, and rights throughout the research process.