STUDENT’S

t-DISTRIBUTION
JOENA MAE G. ABALLE, LPT
What is student’s t-distribution?

 The t-distribution (aka, Student’s t-Distribution) is a

probability distribution that is used to estimate
population parameters when the sample size is
small and/ or when the population variance is
unknown.
 It was developed by William Sealy Gosset in 1908.
(published his research, pseudonym Student)
STUDENT’S t-DISTRIBUTION
 If 𝑥ҧ and s are the mean and standard deviation,
respectively, of a random sample of size n taken from a
normally distributed population with a mean 𝜇, can be
𝑥ҧ −μ
standardized as 𝑡 = 𝑠
√𝑛
 The formula is used when n < 30 and the population
standard deviation is unknown.
 The t-Distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom.
(the maximum number of logically independent values,
which may vary in the data sample.)
 PROPERTIES OF T-DISTRIBUTION
 The t-Distribution is symmetric about the mean 0.
PROPERTIES OF T-DISTRIBUTION

 The t-Distribution is bell-shaped, but the two (2) end

tails are thicker that of the standard normal
distribution.

 The mean, median

and the mode of the t
– distribution are all
equal to zero.
 PROPERTIES OF T-DISTRIBUTION
 The variance is always
greater than 1. It is equal to
𝑣
𝑣 −2
, where the v is the
number of degrees of
freedom.
 As the degrees of freedom
increases, the t-distribution
curve looks more and more
like the normal distribution.
 PROPERTIES OF T-DISTRIBUTION
 Thestandard deviation of the
t – distribution varies with the
sample size.
 The total area under at t –
distribution curve is 1 or 100%.
 The degree of freedom are
the number of values that are
free to vary after a statistical
computation has been done.
D.F = n - 1
THANK YOU <3
JOENA MAE G. ABALLE, LPT