GL PREPERATION

CELLS AND SYSTEMS (Y7)

ENERGY IN FOOD (Y8)

GRADE 8-9 GL WORKSHEET:

Cells and Organ Systems

1. Cells:
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of
living organisms.
- They come in various shapes and sizes and perform
specialized functions.
- The three main parts of a cell are the cell membrane,
cytoplasm, and nucleus.
- Cells can be grouped into two categories: prokaryotic
(lacking a nucleus) and eukaryotic (containing a nucleus).
- Examples of cells include nerve cells, muscle cells, and
skin cells.

2. Organ Systems:
- Organ systems are groups of organs that work together
to perform specific functions in the body.
- Each organ system has a distinct role in maintaining
homeostasis and overall health.
- Examples of organ systems include the digestive
system, respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous
system, and skeletal system.
- Organs within a system often have specialized roles;
for example, the heart pumps blood in the circulatory
system, and the lungs facilitate gas exchange in the
respiratory system.

3. Photosynthesis:
 - Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants,
algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into
chemical energy in the form of glucose.
- It occurs in chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll, the
pigment that absorbs light energy.
- The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is taken in from the atmosphere,
water (H2O) is absorbed from the soil, and light energy is
captured by chlorophyll to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and
oxygen (O2) as byproducts.

4. Respiration:
- Respiration is the process by which organisms break
down glucose and other organic molecules to release
energy for cellular activities.
- There are two main types: aerobic respiration (with
oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (without oxygen).
- In aerobic respiration, the complete breakdown of
glucose occurs in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the
production of carbon dioxide, water, and a large amount of
ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is used as energy
currency in cells.
- The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
- Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen
and produces less ATP. It often leads to the production of
lactic acid or ethanol as byproducts, depending on the
organism.
1. What are the three main parts of a typical eukaryotic
cell?

2. Give an example of a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic

cell.

3. How do organ systems differ from individual organs in

terms of structure and function?

4. Explain the role of chlorophyll in the process of

photosynthesis.

5. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis and

identify its reactants and products.

6. Describe the differences between aerobic and

anaerobic respiration, including the end products and
the presence or absence of oxygen.

7. Which organ system is responsible for transporting

oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the
body?

8. How does the structure of a leaf contribute to its role

in photosynthesis?

9. What is the primary function of mitochondria in

eukaryotic cells?

10. Discuss the importance of cellular respiration in

providing energy for various cellular activities within
an organism.
 GL PREPERATION
CELLS AND SYSTEMS (Y7)
ENERGY IN FOOD (Y8)

GRADE 5-7 WORKSHEET:

Cells and Organ Systems

Cells:
- Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms.
- They have different shapes and sizes depending on their
function.
- Cells contain various structures called organelles, such as
the nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane.
- There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic (lacking a
nucleus) and eukaryotic (containing a nucleus).

Organ Systems
- Organ systems are groups of organs that work together
to perform specific functions in the body.
- Each organ has a specific job within a system, and
together they ensure the body functions properly.
- Examples of organ systems include the digestive system,
respiratory system, circulatory system, and nervous
system.

Photosynthesis:
- Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants
make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon
dioxide.
- It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where
chlorophyll captures sunlight.
- The main product of photosynthesis is glucose, a type of
sugar that plants use for energy.
- Oxygen is also produced as a byproduct of
photosynthesis, which is released into the air.
Respiration:
- Respiration is the process by which organisms release
energy from food molecules to fuel their activities.
- Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and
produces a large amount of energy.
- Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen
and produces less energy.
- The waste products of aerobic respiration are carbon
dioxide and water, while anaerobic respiration produces
lactic acid or ethanol.
1. What are the two main types of cells?
- a) Simple and complex
- b) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
- c) Animal and plant
- d) Nerve and muscle

2. Which of the following is NOT an organ system?

- a) Digestive system
- b) Circulatory system
- c) Plant system
- d) Respiratory system

3. What is the main product of photosynthesis?

- a) Oxygen
- b) Carbon dioxide
- c) Glucose
- d) Water

4. Which type of respiration produces more energy:

aerobic or anaerobic?
- a) Aerobic
- b) Anaerobic
- c) They produce the same amount of energy
- d) Neither produces energy

5. Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

- a) Nucleus
- b) Mitochondria
- c) Chloroplasts
- d) Golgi apparatus
 GL PREPERATION
CELLS AND SYSTEMS (Y7)
ENERGY IN FOOD (Y8)

GRADE 4* GL WORKSHEET:
Cells and Organ Systems

Cells:
- Cells are the building blocks of living things.
- They are like tiny factories doing different jobs in our
bodies.
- Some cells have a control center called a nucleus.

Energy:
- Energy is what makes things work.
- We get energy from food.
- Our bodies use this energy to move, think, and grow.

Plants and Sunlight:

- Plants use sunlight to make their food.
- This process is called photosynthesis.
- They take in carbon dioxide from the air and water from
the ground to make their food.
- As they make food, they release oxygen into the air.

Breathing and Energy:

- We breathe in oxygen from the air.
- Our bodies use this oxygen to get energy from the food
we eat.
- The waste from this process is carbon dioxide, which we
breathe out.

*Grade 4 or lower
1. What are cells?
- a) Tiny factories in our bodies
- b) Big buildings in cities
- c) The air we breathe
- d) Types of food we eat

2. What do plants use sunlight for?

- a) To make oxygen
- b) To make food through photosynthesis
- c) To grow roots
- d) To make water

3. What do our bodies use oxygen for?

- a) To release energy from food
- b) To make us sleepy
- c) To make our skin shiny
- d) To cool down our bodies

4. What is the waste product of breathing?

- a) Oxygen
- b) Carbon dioxide
- c) Glucose
- d) Water

5. What is the control center of a cell called?

- a) Nucleus
- b) Mitochondria
- c) Chloroplasts
- d) Ribosomes