Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century

Review

MAJORITY RULE AND MINORITY RIGHTS

• It is the making of binding decisions by a vote of more than one-
half of all persons who participate in an election.
DEMOCRACY
• Is a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in
the people and exercised
• It originates from the greek word demos, which means “people”,
and kratos, which means ‘strength or power.”
• PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
• PEOPLE
• CONSTITUTION
CIVIL SOCIETY
• It is a type of organization/society establish by a group of people
with one common interest like establishing an association of the
drivers and union for laborers.
PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY
• Which also encourages a more active and wider involvement of
citizens.
• Quite similar to representative democracy
REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
• In the modern period where large populations usually form
societies, Representative Democracy (also called indirect
democracy) is observed to be more popularly exercised.
• It is a political system where the qualified citizens exercise their
political power through representatives.
DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION PROTECTS THE RIGHTS OF THE MINORITY
• Is the involvement or engagement with something which is freely
done, without coercion, and without threat or fear.
 • DEMOCRACY GIVES THE CITIZEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE
DECISIONS
• POLITICAL DEMOCRACY
SOCIAL DEMOCRACY
• It is a political pattern adhering a continuous and peaceful
transition of capitalist and socialist practice by organizing
democratic welfare

SUFFRAGE
• This is the right of a citizen to exercise the process of voting to any
political elections.
MAJORITY RULE
• is a way of organizing a government where citizens are free to
make decision through votes.
MINORITY RIGHTS
• are the normal individual rights or the rights of the minorities in a
certain place.
GENDER BIAS
• An unfair or unequal treatment of one gender to other. It’s shows
prejudice or preference towards a person identity.
DEMOCRATIC INTERVENTIONS
• It is a political association being established to empower and
protect pro-governmend ideas
CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
• Is defined by the existence of a constitution which may be a legal
instrument or merely a set of fixed norms or principles generally
accepted as the fundamental law of the polity that effectively
controls the exercise of political power.
• POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
• SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
ECONOMIC
• (POSITIVE IMPACT) Suppliers and customers available around the
clock through different parts of the world
• Increased business opportunities cost reduction
 • (NEGATIVE IMPACT) Shopping online leaves shoppers at risk of
online credit and theft.
• Online retail models are advancing closure of high street shops
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
•

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
• (e-commerce) is the use of internet or telecommunications to
carry out business of any type.
AGRICULTURE
• Can be used to impart information directly to farmers and the
farming community.
• FACILITATING AGRICULTURIST FOR ENHANCING AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT IS NOT ONE OF THE POTENTIAL USES OF ICT.
ICT IN AGRICULTURE
• E-Agriculture is an emerging field focusing on the enhancement of
agricultural and rural development through improved information
and communication processes.
ICT IN EDUCATION
• Teaching learning process can be made more interactive and
hence resulting in more efficient. With the help of presentations,
designing and simulation several tough topics can be taught and
learned in easier way.
• COMPUTATION TECHNOLOGY
HUMAN BRAIN
• The human brain is the command center for the human nervous
system.
5 SENSES
• SIGHT, SMELL, TOUCH, TASTE, and HEARING—often many at one
time.

CEREBRUM
• Is the largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left
hemispheres
CEREBELLUM
• Is located under the cerebrum. Its function is to coordinate muscle
movements, maintain posture, and balance.
• BRAIN STEM
HYPOTHALAMUS
• Located in the floor of the third ventricle and is the master control
of the autonomic system. It plays a role in controlling behaviors
such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual response.
THALAMUS
• Serves as a relay station for almost all information that comes and
goes to the cortex. It plays a role in pain sensation, attention,
alertness and memory.
PINEAL GLAND
• Is located behind the third ventricle. It helps regulate the body’s
internal clock and circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin.
LIMBIC SYSTEM
• Is the center of our emotions, learning, and memory.
BASAL GANGLIA
• Includes the caudate, putamen and Globus pallidus. These nuclei
work with the cerebellum to coordinate fine motions, such as
fingertip movements.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND SOLIDARY CITIZENSHIP

Reviewer
SOCIAL EQUITY
◾️Is the fair access to opportunities, like education, livelihood and resources

COLLABORATION
◾️at this level, partners can work together on a specific project and put this
plan into writing.

CORE VALUES
◾️person or organization views as being of central
Importance

SOCIAL DIGNITY
◾️refers to the inherent value and worth that every individual possesses as a
member of society.

HUMAN RIGHTS
◾️The rights inherent to all human beings whatever our nationality, place of
residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language or any other
status

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
◾️a collaborative working process among affiliated groups of individuals.

PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT
◾️Its objection is to engage the marginalized group in program and activities
that will benefit them.
◾️Aims to engage the marginalized in development projects which are
designed and initiated for their own benefit.

COMMUNITY INIATIVES
◾️a network of individuals and partner organization dedicated to improve the
welfare of a community.

GENDER EQUALITY
◾️The equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities of women and men and
girls and boys
It does not

CIVIL RIGHTS
◾️privacy, property, religion, expression, contract and movement

CIVIL SOCIETY
◾️this group in the Philippines comes from the Filipino concepts of
“PAKIKIPAGKAPWA”

POLITICAL RIGHTS
◾️assembly, petition, suffrage, direct and indirect participation,
self0determinatin, self-government and election to public office

PEOPLE EMPOWERMENT
◾️to ensure that people have the right set of skills and opportunities they
need to live better and dignified lives

EMPOWERMENT
◾️ is the act of giving somebody more control over their own life or the
situation they are in or giving somebody the power or authority to do
something.

COMMUNITY ACTION INIATIVE

◾️Due to the “ realities” in the community, action and initiative from members
are relevant and needed.

ADVOCACY
◾️Refers to enabling marginalized groups and promoting their individual
rights.

COMMITMENT
◾️ includes dedication of self to a certain person or a cause.
◾️ obligates a person to do something that involves action.
◾️ very important to accomplish a certain community action initiative with
participation of the citizens.

SOCIAL ACTION
◾️It can be done by one or more persons in such a manner that his/her action
is intended to influence others and perform the action to act or face some
social situation.

TOKENISM
◾️refers to the practice of making a symbolic effort to include members of
underrepresented groups, often without addressing underlying issues of
diversity, equity, and inclusion.

INTERVIEW
◾️is a conversation between a
Facilitator (the interview) and a community
Stakeholder (the respondent)
It allows interviewers to gain a deeper
Understanding of the respondents’ ideas and
Feelings.

SURVEY
◾️ are a popular method of collecting and opinions.

EMPOWERMENT PARTICIPATION
◾️Stakeholders actively participate in the process and its analysis.

COMMUNITY PROFILE
◾️Is the process of development an understanding of the people and
describing the detailed picture of the target community.

COOPERATION
◾️at this level, both parties have increasing understanding of target audience
and motivation.

PARTNERSHIP
◾️There is a high level of trust and communication and there is the feeling of
us.
 COORDINATION
◾️At this level, you will learn the services and clients served by the prospect
partner.

WELLFARE APPROACH
◾️“a system in which the government undertakes the chief responsibility for
providing for the social and economic security of its population, usually
through unemployment insurance, old- age pensions, and other social-
security measures.

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
◾️“everyone who has a stake in the intervention has a voice, either in person
or by representation”

SPIRITUAL PSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH

◾️“A spiritual aspect closely aligns with the values and principles that underpin
community development. This aspect is an essential component of the
approach to community development along with social, economic, political,
cultural, environmental, personal, and survival.”
◾️ Psychosocial spiritual care is defined as aspects of care concerning patient
emotional state, social support and relationship, and spiritual well-being.

ASSET BASED APPROACH

◾️“focuses on STRENGTHS”
◾️ It views diversity in thought, culture, and
Traits as positive assets.
◾️ With an asset-based approach, every
Community is valuable; every community has
Strengths and potential.

RIGHTS BASE APPROACH

◾️ “a people-centered approach to development based on the norms and
standards of international human rights law.”.

AREA BASED APPROACH

◾️Community economic development “an area, rather than a sector or target
group, as a primary entry point”

COMMUNITY BASED APPROACH

◾️“an approach to implementing local development projects that advocates
for community participation in decision-making and management, with a goal
of using local knowledge and resources to run more effective projects”

STRENGTH
◾️These are the characteristics of community in political, economic,
sociocultural, technological and environmental aspects.

WEAKNESSES
◾️ It may also include facets of your community that you think need to be
addressed or improved.

OPPORTUNITIES
◾️It may include the different aspects of community that are ripe for
intervention and to solve and counter the weaknesses.

THREATS
◾️ It may include problems, issues and concerns within your community.