1. Tổng Quan Về Hệ Thống Điều Khiển Dùng PLC Trong Công Nghiệp

1.
PLC in Industrial Automation
Tran Vi Do – dotv@hcmute.edu.vn
www.hcmute.edu.vn
EEEF
Overview
In any industrial plant the aim is to produce standard

and high quality products and sell them at prices which
make profit.
These purposes can be achieved in a successfully
designed and controlled processes.
CONTROL: To maintain desired conditions in a

physical system by adjusting selected variables in the
system.
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EEEF
Control Example
Consider a house in a cold climate
•Temperaturere of the room is

determined by a thermostat
•This temperature is compared
with the desired temperature or
range of temperature
•If the temperature is below than
the desired, the furnace and the
pump are turned on; if the
temperature is above the furnace
and pump are turned off.

EEEF
Automatic Control System Structure
Desired value
Control
equipment
Actuators Sensor
Process
inputs outputs
EEEF
Control Loop
Giá trị đặt: Set Point (SP), Set Value (SV)

Tín hiệu điều khiển: Control Signal, Controller Output (CO)
Biến điều khiển: Control Variable, Manipulated Variable (MV)
Biến được điều khiển: Controlled Variable (CV), Process Value (PV)
Đại lượng đo: Measured Variable

EEEF
Control Objectives
1. Safety
2. Environmental Protection
3. Equipment Protection
4. Smooth Plant Operation and Production Rate
5. Product Quality
6. Profit Optimization
7. Monitoring and Diagnosis

EEEF
Control Types
1. Feedback control
Heat exchanger
TT Sensor
Final
(Temperature
control
Transmitter)
element Controller
steam
Advantages Disadvantages
• Very simple technique Compensate for a disturbance only
• Minimum knowledge of the process after the controlled variable has
deviated from set point
• The most common control strategy in
the process industries
EEEF
Control Types
2. Feed forward control

Sensor (Temperature
Controller TT Transmitter)
Heat exchanger
Final control element
steam
The objective of feed forward control is to measure the

disturbances and compensate for them before the controlled
variable deviates from set point

2. Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
(P&ID)
EEEF
P&ID Diagram
P&ID Information P&ID Used for

• Component identification • Troubleshooting
• How instruments are connected • Process monitoring
• Where instruments are located
• Function within the process

EEEF
P&ID Diagram

EEEF
Instrument line symbols

EEEF
P&ID Tag Designations
The top of the tag will identify the instrument type and
the bottom will identify the loop number

EEEF
Function Symbols

EEEF
Identification letters

EEEF
Identification letters

EEEF
P&ID Example

Instrumentation System
Instrumentation system is used in production facilities to perform measurement and control
operations. It is widely used in various industries.
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Control of Instrumentation System
Production facilities in a factory can be classified roughly into the instrumentation system that mainly
handles feedback control and the FA system that mainly handles sequence control.
Here are examples of feedback control and sequence control in a beer factory.
In feedback control, processing is controlled by comparing the In sequence control, step-by-step processirrig is controlled
target value with the measurement value obtained by feedback according to a given sequence or procedure.
and deciding an amount of operation required to make these two It is used in processing for box packing, conveying and so on.
values match.
It is used to control temperature, flow rates, and pressure in such
processes.as charging, fermentation, and aging.
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Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a ruggedized computer used

for industrial automation
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History of the PLC
• First Programmable Logic

Controllers (PLC) were designed
and developed by Modicon as a
relay replacer for GM and Landis.
•These controllers eliminated the

need for rewiring and adding
additional hardware for each new
configuration of logic.
•The new system drastically increased the functionality of the controls while
reducing the cabinet space that housed the logic.
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History of the PLC
The first PLC, model 084, was

invented by Dick Morley in 1969
The first commercial successful PLC, the 184, was introduced in 1973
which was designed by Michael Greenberg
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What is a PLC?
 Programmable Logic Controller Inputs Outputs

 Solid-state control system
 Control the devices based on user program CPU
Definition of PLC
 Digital electronic device
 Use a programmble memory to store the instructions and to implement
the specific functions
 A computer designed to work in industrial enviroment
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What is a PLC?
The Basic Block
Inputs Outputs
CPU
A PLC is a solid state control system that continuously monitors the
status of devices connected as inputs. Based upon a user written
program, stored in memory, it controls the status of devices
connected as outputs.
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Major Components of a Common PLC
Provides intelligence to command

POWER Provides the voltage needed to run the
and govern the activities of the
SUPPLY primary PLC components
entire PLC systems
I M O M
N O U O Provides signal
P D T D conversion and
U U PROCESSOR P U
T L U L
isolation between
From E T E the internal logic
To
SENSORS OUTPUT level signals inside
Pushbuttons, Solenoids, the PLC and the
contacts,
limit switches,
contactors, field’s high level
alarms
etc. etc. signal
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
Used to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence
of operation and control of process equipment or driven machine
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Major Components of a Common PLC
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Comparison
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Leading Brands of PLC
AMERICAN JAPANESE
1. Allen Bradley 1. Mitsubishi
2. Gould Modicon 2. Omron
3. Texas Instruments 3. Fanuc
4. General Electric 4. Toshiba
5. Westinghouse
6. Cutter Hammer
7. Square D
EUROPEAN
1. Siemens
2. Klockner & Mouller
3. Festo
4. Telemechanique
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PLC Systems
There are two common types of mechanical design for PLC systems; a single
box, and the modular/rack types.
The single box type (or, as sometimes termed, brick) is commonly used for
small programmable controllers and is supplied as an integral compact
package complete with power supply, processor, memory, and input/output
units.
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PLC Systems
Typically such a PLC might have 6, 8, 12 or 24 inputs and 4, 8 or 16 outputs

and a memory which can store some 300 to 1000 instructions.
Some brick systems have the capacity to be extended to cope with more
inputs and outputs by linking input/output boxes to them.
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PLC Systems
Systems with larger numbers of inputs and outputs are likely to be modular
and designed to fit in racks.
The modular type consists of separate modules for power supply, processor,
etc., which are often mounted on rails within a metal cabinet.
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PLC Systems
The rack type can be used for all sizes of programmable controllers and has
the various functional units packaged in individual modules which can be
plugged into sockets in a base rack.
It is comparatively easy to expand the number of input/output (I/O)
connections by just adding more input/output modules or to expand the
memory by adding more memory units.
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PLC Systems
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1. Tổng Quan Về Hệ Thống Điều Khiển Dùng PLC Trong Công Nghiệp

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1.

PLC in Industrial Automation

In any industrial plant the aim is to produce standard

CONTROL: To maintain desired conditions in a

HCMUTE June-2022 2 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

Consider a house in a cold climate

•Temperaturere of the room is

HCMUTE June-2022 3 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

Giá trị đặt: Set Point (SP), Set Value (SV)

HCMUTE June-2022 5 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

HCMUTE June-2022 6 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

2. Feed forward control

Final control element

The objective of feed forward control is to measure the

HCMUTE June-2022 8 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

P&ID Information P&ID Used for

HCMUTE June-2022 10 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

HCMUTE June-2022 11 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

HCMUTE June-2022 12 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

HCMUTE June-2022 13 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

HCMUTE June-2022 14 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

HCMUTE June-2022 15 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

HCMUTE June-2022 16 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

HCMUTE June-2022 17 Tran Vi Do_dotv@hcmute.edu.vn_0866408284

A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a ruggedized computer used

• First Programmable Logic

•These controllers eliminated the

The first PLC, model 084, was

 Programmable Logic Controller Inputs Outputs

The Basic Block

Provides intelligence to command

Typically such a PLC might have 6, 8, 12 or 24 inputs and 4, 8 or 16 outputs

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